The Poor Prole’s Almanac

This episode of "The Poor Proles Almanac" takes a critical look at permaculture, a system of agricultural and social design principles aimed at creating sustainable human settlements. While acknowledging its potential benefits, the hosts, Andy and Elliott, express concerns about its evolution, particularly its appropriation of indigenous knowledge and its susceptibility to right-wing ideologies. The episode challenges listeners to grapple with permaculture's ethical complexities and consider how to engage with its principles in a responsible and respectful manner. Permaculture: Origins and Evolution The hosts trace the origins of permaculture back to Bill Mollison and David Holmgren's work in the 1970s. They explain that Mollison, inspired by the interconnectedness of the Tasmanian rainforest, sought to develop a system of agriculture that mimicked natural ecosystems. Mollison and Holmgren's collaboration led to the publication of "Permaculture One" in 1978, introducing the concept to a wider audience. However, the hosts highlight that many of permaculture's core principles, such as multi-crop systems, perennial plantings, and the integration of trees, shrubs, and herbs, were not original to Mollison and Holmgren. They acknowledge that these practices were rooted in indigenous knowledge systems that predate permaculture by centuries. The episode emphasizes that Holmgren himself recognized the influence of indigenous cultures on his work and drew inspiration from earlier agricultural thinkers like J. Russell Smith, Toyohiko Kagawa, Masanobu Fukuoka, and P.A. Yeomans. The Permaculture Design Course and the Spread of Knowledge The hosts discuss the establishment of the Permaculture Institute in Tasmania and the development of the Permaculture Design Course (PDC), a training program designed to disseminate permaculture principles. They point out that the PDC's "train the trainer" model, similar to commercial fitness programs like P90X, allows graduates to teach others, creating a rapid expansion of the permaculture network. While acknowledging the value of making information accessible, the hosts express concern about the PDC's lack of quality control, noting that the qualifications to teach a PDC are relatively low. This, they argue, has led to a wide variation in the quality of instruction and the potential for unqualified individuals to present themselves as experts. Pseudoscience and the Problem of Information Overload Andy and Elliott raise concerns about the rise of pseudoscience within the permaculture movement, particularly with the proliferation of information online. They cite examples like the "stacking method," a permaculture technique that involves layering multiple plant species in a small area. While this method appears efficient in theory, they argue that it often fails in practice due to competition for sunlight and resources, leading to decreased yields and unmanageable growth. The hosts link the spread of misinformation to the lack of rigorous scientific validation within permaculture circles. Furthermore, they critique the reliance on anecdotal evidence and "old wives' tales" as justification for certain practices, such as companion planting and the use of specific plants to deter pests. They emphasize that scientific research often contradicts these claims and highlight the dangers of promoting unsubstantiated information. They point to the lack of accountability on platforms like YouTube, where individuals can disseminate inaccurate information without consequence, often motivated by financial gain. Permaculture's Complicated Relationship with Colonialism and Capitalism The episode confronts permaculture's uneasy relationship with colonialism and capitalism. The hosts argue that permaculture, despite its emphasis on sustainability and interconnectedness, often falls into the trap of commodifying nature and perpetuating colonialist patterns of appropriating indigenous knowledge. They express concern that the movement, primarily led by white individuals, profits from repackaging and selling traditional practices while failing to adequately acknowledge the source of this knowledge or address the historical injustices that indigenous communities have faced. They highlight the irony of white permaculturists traveling to countries formerly colonized by Europeans and teaching indigenous people about their own traditional farming practices, often charging high fees for consultations and workshops. The hosts draw parallels to "voluntourism," where well-intentioned individuals from developed nations engage in short-term projects in developing countries, often with limited understanding of local contexts and needs. The Permaculture Movement's Political Divide The episode also explores the political divide within the permaculture movement. The hosts observe that permaculture's emphasis on self-sufficiency and resilience has attracted individuals with right-wing leanings, particularly those who embrace homesteading, "rugged individualism," and a distrust of government. They note that this segment of the permaculture community often espouses white supremacist or hyper-religious views, creating a stark contrast to the movement's purported values of inclusivity and environmental stewardship. They contrast this right-wing faction with the more left-leaning individuals who see permaculture as a way to challenge capitalist exploitation and promote social justice. This political polarization, the hosts argue, complicates efforts to address the ethical issues within permaculture and makes it difficult to hold the movement accountable for its appropriation of indigenous knowledge. The "Pro Models" Miniseries: A Search for Solutions The episode introduces a new miniseries called "Pro Models," which aims to explore indigenous farming practices from around the world. The hosts express their hope that this series will shed light on pre-colonial agricultural systems and offer insights into how to live in harmony with the natural world. They also express a desire to engage in a process of "de-centering whiteness" within their own lives and within the larger permaculture movement. They acknowledge the difficulty of reconciling with the legacy of colonialism and finding a path forward that respects indigenous knowledge and sovereignty. They raise questions about land ownership, reparations, and the challenges of "re-indigenizing" landscapes that have been drastically altered by European settlement. They also acknowledge the complex emotions involved in this process, particularly for individuals of European descent who are grappling with their own complicity in systems of oppression. Conclusion The episode concludes by emphasizing the need for open and honest dialogue about the ethical challenges within permaculture. The hosts encourage listeners to engage with these issues critically, to listen to the voices of marginalized communities, and to work towards creating a more just and sustainable future that honors the contributions of indigenous peoples. They leave listeners with a set of questions to ponder: What does it mean to be a responsible steward of the land? How can we learn from indigenous knowledge without perpetuating colonial patterns of appropriation? And how can we build a more inclusive and equitable permaculture movement that centers the voices of those who have been historically marginalized? For sources, transcripts, and to read more about this subject, visit: www.agroecologies.org To support this podcast, join our patreon for early, commercial-free episode access at https://www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac For PPA Writing Content, visit: www.agroecologies.org For PPA Restoration Content, visit: www.restorationagroecology.com For PPA Merch, visit: www.poorproles.com For PPA Native Plants, visit: www.nativenurseries.org To hear Tomorrow, Today, our sister podcast, visit: www.tomorrowtodaypodcast.org/   Sources: https://www.kcet.org/shows/tending-nature/the-indigenous-science-of-permaculture https://www.treehugger.com/permaculture-doesnt-work-says-plant-biologist-4856091 https://www.lillklobbpermaculture.com/2018/06/30/a-response-to-curtis-stones-what-permaculture-got-wrong%E2%80%8A-%E2%80%8Adispelling-five-common-myths/ https://medium.com/@urbanfarmercstone/what-permaculture-got-wrong-dispelling-five-common-myths-e904d570db70 https://medium.com/permaculturewomen/permaculture-on-the-edge-d69cad1b6ce0 https://www.resilience.org/stories/2016-02-19/decolonizing-permaculture/

This episode focuses on the "scale of permanence," a concept from P.A. Yeomans that emphasizes considering the long-term impacts of design choices when planning a site for ecological production. The Scale of Permanence The scale of permanence highlights the elements of a site that are most difficult to change once established. The article outlines these elements and offers guidance on planning around them: Climate: While climate is generally considered unchanging, the article acknowledges the significant and unpredictable impacts of climate change. It advises choosing species with a wide temperature tolerance and considering projected regional climate changes. Land Shape: The existing topography should inform design decisions. Understanding why the land has its current shape, particularly considering water flow, is crucial before making any alterations. Water Supply: Water is a powerful force shaping the landscape. Analyzing water flow patterns and identifying potential water sources like keylines and swales are essential steps in site planning. Farm Roads: Road placement should minimize disruption to water flow and prioritize efficient access to high-traffic areas. Using less productive land for roads and integrating them into water management systems is recommended. Trees: Tree placement should consider the scale of permanence, including their mature size, sunlight requirements, and impact on water flow. The article emphasizes planting trees along contours, spacing them appropriately, and clustering them strategically for functions like windbreaks or shade-tolerant species. Buildings and Permanent Structures: Existing structures should be considered when planning, but the article focuses on permaculture zoning principles for new construction. Zone 0, the home, should prioritize harmony with natural cycles. Zone 1, the area around the house, would ideally house the annual vegetable garden. Zone 2, often for livestock, should balance accessibility and proximity to paddocks. Fencing: Permanent fencing should be robust and integrate elements like electric wires and fruiting vines. Internal paddock fencing should be adaptable based on factors like grazing cycles and animal needs. Soil: Although seemingly crucial, soil is considered less permanent because it can be built or destroyed over time. Good site design in the previous elements will contribute to healthy soil. Permaculture Zoning and Scaling Up The podcast questions the practicality of permaculture zoning for larger-scale projects, suggesting that common sense dictates accessibility considerations. However, it emphasizes the scalability of these design principles beyond single-family homesteads, envisioning larger systems with specialized roles. Collective Autonomy and Resilience The podcast concludes by advocating for demonstrating the possibilities of these systems to inspire collective action and challenge the limitations of capitalism. Creating resilient and bountiful ecological systems can foster community, autonomy, and a more sustainable future.   For sources, transcripts, and to read more about this subject, visit: www.agroecologies.org To support this podcast, join our patreon for early, commercial-free episode access at https://www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac For PPA Writing Content, visit: www.agroecologies.org For PPA Restoration Content, visit: www.restorationagroecology.com For PPA Merch, visit: www.poorproles.com For PPA Native Plants, visit: www.nativenurseries.org To hear Tomorrow, Today, our sister podcast, visit: www.tomorrowtodaypodcast.org/

We're taking a look at the Irish civil war and the conditions that led up to it and its conclusion with comedian and historian, Nash Flynn. What parallels do we see playing out here in the United States, and what can we learn from the efforts of the IRA? Note: Michael Collins died in a shootout stemming from a car ambush, not a car bomb. This episode of "The Poor Proles Almanac" examines the "Troubles" in Northern Ireland, exploring the deep-seated historical and socio-economic factors that contributed to this decades-long conflict. The hosts, Andy and Elliot, along with guest Nash Flynn, a historian and comedian, trace the roots of the conflict back centuries, highlighting the impact of British colonialism, religious divisions, and economic inequality. They draw parallels between the events in Northern Ireland and the current political and social climate in the United States, raising concerns about the potential for similar unrest. A Legacy of Colonialism and Religious Divide: The discussion begins by acknowledging the long and fraught history between Ireland and Britain. Nash Flynn emphasizes that the Norman conquest of Ireland in 1169 laid the groundwork for centuries of British control and influence. However, the religious divide, specifically the imposition of Protestantism by Henry VIII in the 16th century, is identified as a pivotal moment that intensified tensions. This attempt to force a Protestant identity onto a staunchly Catholic population created a deep resentment that persisted for generations. The Great Hunger: Fueling Resentment and a Desire for Independence: The episode highlights the devastating impact of the Irish Potato Famine, or the "Great Hunger" as it's known in Ireland, in the mid-1840s. Nash Flynn stresses that while the British often portrayed the famine as a result of Irish reliance on potatoes, it was actually a consequence of British policies that denied the Irish access to food and land. This event, which resulted in widespread death and displacement, further solidified anti-British sentiment and fueled the fight for Irish independence. The Rise of Irish Nationalism and the Struggle for Home Rule: The episode traces the emergence of Irish nationalism, particularly in the aftermath of the Great Hunger. The Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB), formed in 1914, and its military wing, the Irish Republican Army (IRA), played key roles in the struggle for independence. The Easter Rising of 1916, though unsuccessful, further galvanized Irish resistance and cemented the desire for self-determination. The formation of Sinn Féin as a political party in 1918 and their establishment of an unauthorized Irish parliament signaled a clear break from British rule. The Anglo-Irish Treaty: A Divisive Compromise and the Seeds of the "Troubles": The Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921, brokered by Michael Collins, granted Ireland partial independence as the Irish Free State but partitioned the island, leaving six counties in the north under British control. This compromise, while a significant step towards independence, deeply divided the Irish people and sparked a civil war. The assassination of Collins by members of the IRA further fueled tensions and set the stage for the protracted conflict known as the "Troubles". The "Troubles": Decades of Violence and Political Instability: The episode explores the complex dynamics of the "Troubles", a period marked by cyclical violence and political deadlock. The conflict involved multiple actors, including the IRA, loyalist paramilitary groups, and the British Army. The episode highlights specific events, like the Battle of the Bogside in 1969 and Bloody Sunday in 1972, that escalated tensions and led to increased militarization. The hosts note that the "Troubles" weren't simply a two-sided conflict. The IRA, while fighting for a united Ireland, also targeted the British military. Loyalist paramilitaries, determined to maintain ties with Britain, clashed with both the IRA and the British Army, creating a volatile three-way struggle. Economic Inequality as an Accelerant: The episode emphasizes the role of economic inequality in fueling the conflict. In Northern Ireland, Protestants held a disproportionate share of economic power, leaving Catholics marginalized and resentful. This economic disparity exacerbated existing religious and political tensions, creating a fertile ground for violence. The hosts draw parallels to the current situation in the United States, where growing economic inequality and social unrest are seen as potential triggers for similar instability. Margaret Thatcher and the Shifting Tide: The episode discusses the impact of Margaret Thatcher's tenure as British Prime Minister (1979-1990) on the "Troubles". Her hardline stance against the IRA and her response to the 1984 assassination attempt, which nearly killed her, further escalated the conflict. However, the increasing weariness of the British public towards the prolonged violence and the IRA's own shift towards a more political approach, particularly under Gerry Adams' leadership in the late 1980s, opened the door for peace talks. A Legacy of Violence and Lessons for the United States: The episode concludes by reflecting on the human cost of the "Troubles", noting that over 3,500 people were killed, a significant portion of whom were civilians. The hosts extrapolate this figure to the U.S. population, arriving at a staggering 681,000 potential deaths if a similar conflict were to erupt in the United States. They express concern that the current political climate in the U.S., characterized by deep divisions and the rise of extremism, could create conditions ripe for violence. The episode underscores the need for dialogue, compromise, and a focus on shared goals to prevent a descent into chaos. The hosts, along with Nash Flynn, urge listeners to draw lessons from the "Troubles" and work towards building a more just and equitable society that can withstand the pressures of political and social upheaval.   Sources: Tim Pat Coogan, The Troubles: Irelands Ordeal and the Search for Peace Kevin Toolis, Rebel Hearts: Journeys Within the IRA's Soul Charles Rivers Editors compilation, The Partition of Ireland and the Troubles: The History of Northern Ireland from the Irish Civil War to the Good Friday Agreement To get more content from Nash Flynn, including her upcoming book "Death is For Everybody" (2025), released by Bread & Roses Press visit: www.itsnashflynn.com & https://breadandrosespress.com/ To support this podcast, join our patreon for early, commercial-free episode access at https://www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac For PPA Writing Content, visit: www.agroecologies.org For PPA Restoration Content, visit: www.restorationagroecology.com For PPA Merch, visit: www.poorproles.com For PPA Native Plants, visit: www.nativenurseries.org To hear Tomorrow, Today, our sister podcast, visit: www.tomorrowtodaypodcast.org/

This episode of "The Poor Proles Almanac" focuses on "reading the landscape," a skill that involves interpreting the subtle clues and patterns within a natural environment to understand its history and ecological processes. The episode emphasizes that this ability is crucial for effective land management and stewardship, particularly in a post-collapse scenario where reliance on conventional technologies and resources may be limited. Understanding the Impacts of Human Activity on the Landscape The episode begins by acknowledging the pervasive impact of human activities on the natural world, noting that on the East Coast of North America, approximately 95% of the landscape has been altered for various purposes like timber harvesting, agriculture, housing, and industry. These activities leave lasting impressions on the soil, topography, and overall ecosystem dynamics. Connecting Human History with Natural History The episode argues that understanding the history of a landscape goes beyond simply recognizing past human interventions; it also involves connecting that human history with the natural history of the land. By observing features like standing dead wood, stumps, rotting logs, and coppiced trees, one can begin to unravel the complex interplay of ecological processes and human actions that have shaped the environment. For instance, one can trace the history of a tree that might have stood during a significant historical event or might have been impacted by a major storm. Using Tree Size and Clustering to Decipher the Landscape's Past The episode focuses on trees as primary indicators of a landscape's history. Estimating Tree Age: The age of a tree, particularly oaks, can be roughly estimated by multiplying its diameter by a growth factor specific to the species. Oak trees generally increase in diameter by about one foot every 50 years. Understanding Coppicing: Coppicing, where new trees sprout from a cut stump, provides clues about past land management practices or natural disturbances. Coppiced trees often form a semi-circle pattern and grow more quickly due to their established root system. Recognizing Discontinuity in Forests and Its Causes The episode introduces the concept of "discontinuity," which refers to noticeable gaps in the age distribution of trees within a forest. This can indicate: Young Forest Growth: As the canopy closes in a young forest, dense shade prevents new trees from establishing until the canopy weakens or opens up, allowing sunlight to reach the forest floor. Disturbances in Older Forests: Factors like fires, pests, or storms can wipe out specific age groups of trees, creating a discontinuity in the forest structure. Analyzing the presence of fire scars, standing dead wood, and coppiced trees can help determine the nature of past disturbances. Identifying Abandoned Fields and Past Agricultural Practices The episode provides insights into identifying former agricultural fields and the types of farming that took place: Evidence of Rock Walls: The presence of rock walls often indicates fields that were cleared for cultivation, with the rocks piled up as a result of plowing. Smaller rocks suggest more intensive farming practices like vegetable production. Pasture Land Characteristics: Former pastures often exhibit less flat terrain due to the lack of plowing. The presence of species like junipers, which thrive in poor, overgrazed soils, can also be an indicator. Understanding Soil Degradation and Rewilding: Abandoned fields typically have depleted topsoils that initially favor the growth of fast-growing annual weeds. Over time, perennials and shrubs return, eventually leading to the establishment of a young forest. The Role of Mast Years in Forest Composition The episode explains that "mast years," where trees produce an abundance of seeds, significantly influence the species composition of early forests. A mast year overwhelms the seed predators, ensuring the survival of more seedlings. Trees that successfully establish during a mast year will often dominate the forest structure. Deciphering Logging History Through Stump Analysis The episode highlights the importance of analyzing stumps to understand past logging practices: Identifying Tree Species: The presence or absence of sprouts from the stump, as well as the pattern of decay, can help determine the species of the tree that was cut down. Coniferous trees rot from the outside in, while hardwoods generally rot uniformly or from the inside out. Rot-resistant hardwoods like oak, locust, and chestnut often leave behind stumps with new growth around their rings. Estimating Tree Size: By examining the location of new sprouts around a rotted stump, one can estimate the original size of the tree. Determining Reasons for Felling: The presence or absence of the trunk can indicate whether a tree was logged or left to rot. Unveiling the Story of Downed Trees The episode guides listeners in interpreting the signs left behind by trees that have been blown down: Exposed Roots and Hummocks: Exposed roots can be a sign of high water tables or compacted soil, but hummocks—raised mounds of soil—often mark the location of a former tree stump or root system. Wind Direction and Blowdown Events: The position of the stump (hummock) and the uprooted root ball (cradle) indicate the direction of the wind that caused the tree to fall. This information can be used to potentially connect the fallen tree with specific historical storms. Nurse Logs and Forest Succession: Fallen trees, called "nurse logs," provide a substrate for the growth of new trees. Observing the species and age of trees growing along a nurse log can offer insights into the forest's history. Estimating the Age of a Fallen Tree: By identifying the age of "nurse trees" growing on a fallen log, one can estimate a minimum age for the fallen tree. Confirming Tree Species: The presence or absence of the rotted heartwood of a fallen conifer can help confirm its species and age. Conifers rot from the outside in, leaving behind a resistant heartwood that can persist in the soil. Utilizing Eco-Indicators to Assess Site Conditions The episode encourages paying attention to "eco-indicators," plant species with specific environmental requirements. Observing these plants can provide valuable information about: Soil Moisture and Nutrient Content: Ferns, for example, often indicate areas with high moisture and fertile soil. Soil pH, Shade, Water, and Minerals: Different plant species have adaptations for specific conditions, making them valuable indicators of site characteristics. Understanding Germination Niches and Plant Distribution The episode introduces the concept of "germination niches," which refers to the specific conditions required for the seeds of certain plant species to germinate. Specialist vs. Generalist Species: Some species have narrow germination requirements, while others can thrive in a wider range of conditions. Oaks, red maples, and pines are examples of generalist species found across a variety of environments. Species Adaptations and Site Conditions: Understanding the adaptations of different plant species can help explain their distribution patterns within a landscape. For example, white oaks, with their thick, fire-resistant bark, often dominate fire-prone areas. Key Factors Influencing Landscape Diversity The episode summarizes the five primary factors that influence the diversity of a landscape: Disturbance: Events like fires, storms, and human interventions shape the structure and composition of ecosystems. Topography: The slope, elevation, and aspect (direction a slope faces) of the land influence microclimates and soil conditions. Substrate: The underlying geology, soil type, and parent material affect nutrient availability and plant growth. Climate: Temperature, precipitation, and seasonal variations shape the types of plants and animals that can thrive in a region. Water: The availability and movement of water are essential for all life and play a crucial role in shaping ecosystems. Emphasizing the Value of Reading the Landscape The episode concludes by reiterating the significance of reading the landscape as a vital skill for: Understanding the Interplay of Natural and Human History: By observing the clues within the environment, one can appreciate the long-lasting impacts of both natural processes and human actions. Making Informed Decisions for Land Management: Reading the landscape provides insights into soil conditions, water availability, and potential pollutants, enabling more effective and sustainable land stewardship. Connecting with the Past and Future: The episode suggests that understanding the history of a landscape fosters a deeper connection with the natural world and a sense of responsibility for its future. For sources, transcripts, and to read more about this subject, visit: https://www.agroecologies.org To support this podcast, join our patreon for early, commercial-free episode access at https://www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac For PPA Writing Content, visit: www.agroecologies.org For PPA Restoration Content, visit: www.restorationagroecology.com For PPA Merch, visit: www.poorproles.com For PPA Native Plants, visit: www.nativenurseries.org To hear Tomorrow, Today, our sister podcast, visit: www.tomorrowtodaypodcast.org/

This episode of "The Poor Proles Almanac" uses the Syrian Civil War as a model to explore the potential for a similar societal collapse in the United States. The hosts, Elliott and Andy, acknowledge that history doesn't repeat itself verbatim but argue that examining historical parallels can provide valuable insights into potential future scenarios. The episode focuses on the interplay of economics, politics, religion, and social unrest as key factors contributing to the Syrian crisis, drawing alarming parallels to current trends in the United States. Syria: A History of Internal Divisions and External Interference The episode begins by providing a historical overview of Syria, highlighting its complex tapestry of ethnic and religious groups. The hosts emphasize that arbitrary borders drawn by colonial powers exacerbated these internal divisions, creating a fragile social fabric vulnerable to exploitation. They discuss how competing visions of national identity further fueled tensions. The Muslim Brotherhood advocated for a homogenous Arab Sunni state, while secular nationalists sought a more inclusive, territorially defined nation. This struggle for a unified identity played a significant role in shaping the political landscape. The Assad Regimes: A Balancing Act of Power and Placation The episode then turns to the Assad regimes, beginning with Hafez al-Assad, who came to power in 1970 amidst international crises and internal strife. His secular Ba'ath Party initially appeared to offer a solution to Syria's disunity. However, his attempts to bridge the gap between Islam and the Alawite minority, to which he belonged, proved largely unsuccessful, as demonstrated by the violent backlash from the Muslim Brotherhood. Hafez al-Assad's approach to governance was characterized by a combination of authoritarianism and placating the populace with social programs and subsidies. This strategy, while maintaining a semblance of order, ultimately failed to address the underlying social and economic issues. Bashar al-Assad, who succeeded his father in 2000, initially adopted a more conciliatory approach but ultimately continued his father's authoritarian path. However, his embrace of neoliberal economic policies in the 2000s proved disastrous. The Neoliberal Turn: Sowing the Seeds of Economic Collapse Bashar al-Assad's neoliberal policies, characterized by privatization, liberalization, and the reduction of social welfare programs, mirrored similar trends in the United States under Reagan. These policies led to: Increased wealth inequality: The Syrian upper class and foreign investors benefited at the expense of the vast majority of Syrians. Rising poverty rates: Despite GDP growth, poverty became widespread, particularly in rural areas. Job insecurity and informal labor: The rise of informal labor and the erosion of labor rights left many, especially young people, struggling to make ends meet. Environmental degradation: The focus on short-term profits led to unsustainable agricultural practices, contributing to soil depletion and water shortages. These economic hardships, coupled with existing social and political tensions, created a powder keg ready to explode. The Spark: From Drought to Civil War The episode identifies the devastating drought of 2006-2010, exacerbated by climate change and unsustainable agricultural practices, as the immediate trigger for the Syrian Civil War. The drought, combined with ongoing U.S. military intervention in the region, led to mass displacement, economic collapse, and widespread social unrest. The government's violent response to peaceful protests in 2011 ignited a full-blown civil war. The conflict quickly devolved into a multi-sided struggle, with various rebel groups, foreign jihadists, and the Syrian government vying for power. The episode highlights the brutality and sectarian violence that characterized the conflict, drawing parallels to the religious wars of 16th and 17th century Europe. Disturbing Parallels: The United States on the Brink? The episode concludes by drawing unsettling parallels between the situation in Syria and the current state of the United States. The hosts argue that many of the factors that led to Syria's collapse are present in the U.S., including: Rising economic inequality and social unrest: The neoliberal economic model has created a vast wealth gap, leaving many Americans struggling to survive. Political polarization and a delegitimization of democratic processes: The rise of extremist ideologies and the increasing willingness to disregard democratic norms pose a significant threat to political stability. A history of military interventionism and its consequences: The U.S.'s history of foreign intervention has created instability and fueled resentment in many parts of the world, with potential blowback effects domestically. The looming threat of climate change and resource scarcity: Climate change-induced droughts and other environmental disasters could further strain resources and exacerbate social tensions. The rise of right-wing extremism and militia groups: The growing number of hate groups and the increasing acceptance of violence as a political tool are a cause for alarm. The episode paints a stark picture of the potential for a similar societal collapse in the United States, emphasizing the need for proactive measures to address these underlying issues and prevent a similar descent into chaos.   For sources, transcripts, and to read more about this subject, visit: www.agroecologies.org To support this podcast, join our patreon for early, commercial-free episode access at https://www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac For PPA Writing Content, visit: www.agroecologies.org For PPA Restoration Content, visit: www.restorationagroecology.com For PPA Merch, visit: www.poorproles.com For PPA Native Plants, visit: www.nativenurseries.org To hear Tomorrow, Today, our sister podcast, visit: www.tomorrowtodaypodcast.org/

Welcome back to the Poor Proles Almanac, where we’re exploring how anarchist principles can help us build a better future, through the lens of the book "Make Rojava Green Again". This episode is going deep into one of the most inspiring and challenging revolutionary projects happening right now - Rojava, a Kurdish-led autonomous region in northern Syria. Hold on tight because Rojava is facing a whirlwind of challenges. Imagine being attacked on all sides by hostile forces—ISIS, Turkey, and even the Syrian government—all while trying to build a new society from the ground up. It sounds impossible, right? But that's exactly what they're doing, and they're doing it with an incredible focus on ecology and direct democracy. We’re going to explore how they’re transforming their region from a wasteland poisoned by decades of industrial agriculture into a thriving example of ecological sustainability. They’re regenerating the soil, planting trees, creating water management systems, and even experimenting with using black water to create fertilizer! It's like a real-world example of everything we’ve been talking about in our previous episodes. But it’s not just about growing food. They're also building a society based on direct democracy, where everyone has a voice in the decisions that affect their lives. They’re challenging traditional gender roles, promoting women’s liberation, and creating a system where power is distributed from the bottom up. This is what Bookchin was talking about—using our human ingenuity to build a society that’s in harmony with nature and each other. So, get ready for an inspiring and thought-provoking journey into the heart of a revolution! We’ll be connecting Rojava’s struggles and triumphs to our own context, exploring how we can learn from their experience to build more resilient and just communities. For sources, transcripts, and to read more about this subject, visit: www.agroecologies.org To support this podcast, join our patreon for early, commercial-free episode access at https://www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac For PPA Writing Content, visit: www.agroecologies.org For PPA Restoration Content, visit: www.restorationagroecology.com For PPA Merch, visit: www.poorproles.com For PPA Native Plants, visit: www.nativenurseries.org To hear Tomorrow, Today, our sister podcast, visit: www.tomorrowtodaypodcast.org/

Today, we're diving into some ideas about technology and ecology, inspired by the anarchist philosopher Murray Bookchin. This episode really gets you thinking about the relationship between technology and society. We're exploring Bookchin's critique of how technology has been used under capitalism, not to benefit humanity, but to control and exploit both people and the planet. Get ready for a mind-blowing discussion about how technology could be used differently in a free and ecological society. We're talking about things like decentralized renewable energy systems, sustainable agriculture, and even using technology to restore damaged ecosystems. We also tackle the thorny issue of whether technology is inherently liberating or oppressive. Bookchin believed that technology is a tool that can be used for good or evil, depending on the values of the society that wields it. This really challenges the assumption that technological progress automatically leads to social progress. This episode really gets you thinking about the future of technology and its potential role in creating a more just and sustainable world. Join us as we explore these complex and fascinating ideas! For sources, transcripts, and to read more about this subject, visit: www.agroecologies.org To support this podcast, join our patreon for early, commercial-free episode access at https://www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac For PPA Writing Content, visit: www.agroecologies.org For PPA Restoration Content, visit: www.restorationagroecology.com For PPA Merch, visit: www.poorproles.com For PPA Native Plants, visit: www.nativenurseries.org To hear Tomorrow, Today, our sister podcast, visit: www.tomorrowtodaypodcast.org/

This episode of "The Poor Proles Almanac" shifts focus from swales to keyline design, another permaculture technique for effective water management. Host Andy emphasizes that keyline design is more complex than swale systems but offers numerous advantages, particularly in enhancing soil depth, fertility, and water retention. The episode starts with a narrative segment set on an abandoned farm, setting the context for applying permaculture techniques for land regeneration in a post-collapse scenario. Understanding the Purpose of Keyline Design The episode begins by introducing P.A. Yeomans, the originator of keyline design, and his core principles. Yeomans aimed to create a system that increased soil depth and fertility, enabling sustainable and productive farming and grazing practices. Keyline design emphasizes working with the natural topography of the land to maximize water infiltration and distribution, ultimately leading to healthier, more productive soils. Defining Keylines and Their Role in Water Management The episode explains that a keyline is a level or gently sloping line that follows a specific contour across a landscape, dividing a valley from its adjacent ridges. The keyline is determined by identifying the key point, which is the point in the valley where the slope transitions from steeper to flatter. By strategically placing keylines and manipulating the flow of water, the system aims to: Interrupt the natural tendency of water to concentrate in valleys, preventing erosion and nutrient loss. Spread water more evenly across the landscape, increasing the area of land suitable for cultivation. Extend the time water remains on the land, maximizing infiltration and groundwater recharge. Historical Context and Evolution of Keyline Design The episode traces the historical roots of keyline design back to the Dust Bowl era of the 1930s, when the U.S. Department of Agriculture advocated for contour farming to reduce soil erosion. However, farmers faced challenges implementing this technique due to limitations in their equipment. Yeomans built upon these principles, developing a more practical and adaptable system for water management. Practical Considerations and Implementation of Keyline Systems The episode stresses the importance of considering various factors when planning a keyline system, including: Slope: The steepness of the land will influence the design and spacing of keylines. Soil type and permeability: These factors will affect the rate of water infiltration and the overall effectiveness of the system. Intended use of the site: Keylines can be adapted for various purposes, including tree crops, annual crops, and grazing. Equipment availability: The type of machinery available will influence the scale and feasibility of the project. Bedrock depth and structure: Understanding the underlying geology is crucial, especially in areas prone to landslides or where bedrock is close to the surface. Visualizing Keylines and Identifying Key Points The episode uses the analogy of a countertop with a sloping edge to help visualize how keylines function. Just as water droplets collect and spread along the edge of the counter before dripping off, keylines aim to intercept and redirect water flow, promoting even distribution across the landscape. The episode emphasizes that identifying key points is crucial for establishing effective keylines. These points are often marked by: Healthier vegetation due to increased water availability. Steeper drop-offs where water has eroded the soil over time. Implementing Keylines Using Subsoiling Techniques The episode discusses the use of keyline subsoiling, a technique that involves using a specialized plow to create deep, narrow channels in the soil. Subsoiling: Improves soil aeration and drainage. Enhances water infiltration and retention. Facilitates root penetration and nutrient uptake. Helps to break up compacted soil layers, particularly plow pans, remnants of conventional tillage practices. Integrating Keylines with Other Permaculture Techniques The episode explores how keylines can be combined with other permaculture strategies, such as: Ponds and dams: Keylines can be used to direct water into strategically placed ponds, creating reservoirs for irrigation and other uses. The episode highlights the potential for using gravity-fed irrigation systems from ponds, reducing reliance on energy-intensive pumping. Swales: While keylines are generally the primary water management tool, swales can be incorporated in certain areas, particularly for managing overflow from ponds or to address specific runoff issues. Forest succession: Keyline systems can be designed to enhance microclimates and promote the growth of diverse plant communities. Addressing Practical Challenges and Imperfect Systems The episode acknowledges that real-world implementation of keyline systems often involves dealing with irregularities in the landscape and unforeseen challenges. While adhering to the precise principles of keyline design is ideal, the episode encourages a pragmatic approach, recognizing that: Key points may not always be clearly defined, and secondary key points may need to be incorporated. Land features may necessitate adjustments and adaptations to the design. Equipment limitations may constrain the ideal layout of keylines. Emphasizing Observation, Experimentation, and Adaptive Management Despite the complexities of keyline design, the episode encourages listeners to: Start small: Begin with manageable projects and gradually expand the system as understanding and experience grow. Observe and adapt: Continuously monitor the system's performance and make adjustments as needed based on real-world observations. Embrace imperfection: Recognize that keyline systems, even when not perfectly executed, can still offer substantial benefits for water management and soil health. Benefits and Long-Term Impacts of Keyline Systems The episode highlights the numerous benefits of keyline design, including: Erosion control: Keylines significantly reduce soil erosion by slowing down and spreading water flow. Improved soil health: Increased water infiltration and reduced compaction lead to healthier, more fertile soils. Enhanced water retention: Keylines help to recharge groundwater aquifers and create a more resilient water supply. Increased biodiversity: The creation of diverse microclimates and improved soil conditions can support a wider range of plant and animal life. Reduced need for irrigation: By maximizing water infiltration and retention, keyline systems can lessen reliance on artificial irrigation. Flood and drought mitigation: Properly designed keyline systems can help to regulate water flow, mitigating the impacts of both extreme rainfall events and dry periods. Resources and Further Exploration The episode recommends several resources for those interested in learning more about keyline design: "Water for Every Farm" by P.A. Yeomans: Considered the definitive guide to keyline design, though acknowledged to be a dense and challenging read. Mark Shepard and Richard Perkins: Authors whose work provides more accessible introductions to keyline concepts within the broader context of regenerative agriculture. The episode concludes by emphasizing that keyline design, while demanding a deeper understanding of water management principles and landscape analysis, offers a powerful tool for creating more sustainable and resilient agricultural systems. Host Andy encourages listeners to move beyond the initial intimidation and embrace the potential of keyline design to transform their relationship with water and the land.   For sources, transcripts, and to read more about this subject, visit: www.agroecologies.org To support this podcast, join our patreon for early, commercial-free episode access at https://www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac For PPA Writing Content, visit: www.agroecologies.org For PPA Restoration Content, visit: www.restorationagroecology.com For PPA Merch, visit: www.poorproles.com For PPA Native Plants, visit: www.nativenurseries.org To hear Tomorrow, Today, our sister podcast, visit: www.tomorrowtodaypodcast.org/

This episode is all about learning from the Zapatistas, a revolutionary indigenous movement in Chiapas, Mexico. Their autonomous zone has thrived for over 25 years, demonstrating that building a better world is possible, even when facing immense challenges. We'll unpack how they’ve managed to stay autonomous and self-sustaining despite numerous attempts by the Mexican military to take control. They’ve done this through a powerful combination of direct democracy, economic cooperatives, community self-defense, and ingenious uses of propaganda to control their own narrative. But this isn’t just about theory. We’ll take you into the heart of their communities to see how direct democracy plays out in their daily lives. Imagine a world where everyone participates in decision-making, from local assemblies to regional councils. Where leaders are accountable to the people, serving without pay, their work seen as a duty rather than a path to power. We’ll see how these principles are reflected in their justice system, their approach to education, and even the way they distribute land. One of the things that struck me is how they've managed to build a thriving economy despite limited resources. Their cooperative model, where workers have a direct say in how things are run, has allowed them to not just survive, but to flourish. They've even managed to compete in the global market, particularly with their high-grade organic coffee. What's really inspiring is their commitment to re-indigenizing their society. They’ve reclaimed their heritage and traditions, weaving them into every aspect of their autonomous zone, from their government to their education system. This reminds me of what we discussed about using our local history here to inform how we build our own communities. Subcomandante Marcos, a key figure in the Zapatista movement, calls for building “a world capable of containing many worlds.” This resonates with what we’ve been talking about – the need for decentralized, localized networks, where diverse communities can govern themselves and thrive. As always, we’ll be connecting the dots to our own context, exploring how we can apply these lessons to build a better future in our own communities. The Zapatistas show us that change is possible, even against seemingly insurmountable odds. Join us as we explore their remarkable story. For sources, transcripts, and to read more about this subject, visit: www.agroecologies.org To support this podcast, join our patreon for early, commercial-free episode access at https://www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac For PPA Writing Content, visit: www.agroecologies.org For PPA Restoration Content, visit: www.restorationagroecology.com For PPA Merch, visit: www.poorproles.com For PPA Native Plants, visit: www.nativenurseries.org To hear Tomorrow, Today, our sister podcast, visit: www.tomorrowtodaypodcast.org/

This episode of "The Poor Proles Almanac" focuses on the importance of water management in creating sustainable and resilient agricultural systems. Host Andy emphasizes that effective water management can not only reduce the need for artificial irrigation but also improve soil health and enhance the overall ecological integrity of a property. The Significance of Watersheds and Groundwater Systems The episode starts by explaining the concept of watersheds and their role in channeling water into bodies of water like streams and ponds. The hosts emphasize that watersheds play a vital role in water purification and that understanding the local watershed is crucial for effective water management on any property. The episode then discusses the importance of groundwater systems, particularly aquifers, for long-term water availability. The hosts highlight the detrimental effects of unsustainable practices like over-pumping from the Ogallala Aquifer, drawing a connection to the broader theme of regeneration and resilience. Soil Health and Water Retention Capacity The episode emphasizes the critical role of healthy soil in water management. The hosts explain that soils rich in organic matter have a significantly higher water holding capacity than compacted, depleted soils. They note that even a small decrease in organic matter can lead to substantial losses in plant-available water. The episode advocates for practices that enhance soil health, such as reducing tillage, incorporating organic amendments, and using perennial crops and rotations, highlighting the interconnectedness of soil health and water management. Challenging Conventional Irrigation Practices The episode challenges the conventional approach to irrigation, which often relies on pumping water from streams, ponds, wells, or municipal sources. The hosts argue that these methods can have negative environmental impacts, particularly in water-scarce regions. They propose that by focusing on regenerative practices, farmers and homesteaders can reduce their reliance on artificial irrigation and create more sustainable water management systems. The Importance of Perennial Systems The episode argues for prioritizing perennial crops and grazing systems over annual gardens, especially in a post-collapse scenario. The hosts explain that perennial systems offer greater food security and resilience, as they are less vulnerable to seasonal fluctuations and require fewer inputs. They suggest that by establishing robust perennial systems, individuals can produce a larger proportion of their own food sustainably, reducing their dependence on external sources. Introducing Swales and Berms for Water Management The episode introduces the concept of swales and berms, which are earthworks designed to slow down and infiltrate rainwater into the soil. The hosts acknowledge that swales have become a popular permaculture technique but caution against their overuse, emphasizing the importance of understanding the site-specific conditions and potential downsides of implementing swales. Debunking Permaculture Myths and Emphasizing Evidence-Based Practices The hosts critique the tendency within the permaculture movement to rely on anecdotal evidence and "rule of thumb" approaches, advocating instead for a more rigorous, data-driven approach to water management. They express skepticism towards permaculture practitioners who promote swales as a universal solution without considering the specific needs and constraints of a particular site. The episode emphasizes the importance of understanding the science behind water movement and infiltration, urging listeners to engage in critical thinking and informed decision-making when designing water management systems. Calculating Runoff and Swale Sizing The episode provides a detailed explanation of the rational method, a mathematical formula used to estimate the peak runoff rate from a given area. The hosts break down the formula into its components, explaining the concept of runoff coefficient and how it varies depending on the surface type (e.g., grass, pavement). They demonstrate how to calculate the volume of water that needs to be absorbed by a swale based on the peak runoff rate and the area contributing to the swale. The hosts emphasize the importance of using accurate calculations to ensure that swales are appropriately sized and can effectively handle the anticipated water volume, preventing overflow and potential damage to the surrounding landscape. Key Considerations for Swale Implementation The episode outlines several key considerations for designing and implementing swales: Observation and Site Analysis: The hosts stress the importance of observing the natural flow of water across the property over different seasons to understand the topography and identify areas prone to runoff or compaction. Starting Small and Simple: The hosts encourage listeners to begin with small, manageable swale projects, gradually increasing complexity as they gain experience and confidence. Working with Existing Trees: The episode provides guidance on how to integrate swales around existing trees, emphasizing the importance of avoiding damage to the root systems. Addressing Overflow and Potential Risks: The hosts emphasize the need for overflow management, explaining that unplanned overflow can undermine the effectiveness of swales and potentially damage other parts of the property. They also advise listeners to consider the potential impacts of water saturation on nearby structures or features. The episode concludes by highlighting the suitability of swales for specific site conditions, noting that they are generally better suited for smaller properties with unique features and less steep slopes than alternative water management techniques like keyline systems, which will be covered in the next episode. For sources, transcripts, and to read more about this subject, visit: www.agroecologies.org To support this podcast, join our patreon for early, commercial-free episode access at https://www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac For PPA Writing Content, visit: www.agroecologies.org For PPA Restoration Content, visit: www.restorationagroecology.com For PPA Merch, visit: www.poorproles.com For PPA Native Plants, visit: www.nativenurseries.org To hear Tomorrow, Today, our sister podcast, visit: www.tomorrowtodaypodcast.org/