The Poor Prole’s Almanac

What if transforming a small strip of urban land could boost local ecology and foster a sense of community? Join us as we converse with Dr. Gray Copeland from Murdoch University, exploring her journey from marine ecology to urban rewilding using the innovative Miyawaki method. Learn about the meticulous preparation involved in selecting sites and species for these tiny urban forests and how Dr. Copeland's expertise in seagrasses and mangroves informs her current work in urban reforestation. Discover the crucial role of soil microbes in Miyawaki forests as we delve into fascinating differences in soil microbial profiles inside and outside these tiny urban ecosystems. Dr. Copeland sheds light on the importance of soil respiration rates and the innovative use of eDNA to assess biodiversity. We discuss how traditional and indigenous practices, like compost tea, can enhance soil health and forest maturity, while clarifying common misconceptions about growth rates versus maturity rates. Lastly, we explore the powerful impact these tiny forests can have on community engagement, particularly among children. Hear about the surprising social benefits, the importance of selecting native species, and the challenges of managing invasive species. Dr. Copeland shares inspiring stories of community involvement, from celebrating a forest's first birthday to combating invasives with mulch and weeding. Discover how these thriving ecosystems can transform urban landscapes and foster a sense of ownership and environmental stewardship within communities. Pocket Forests WA plants Miyawaki forests or 'pocket' forests as part of a dedicated science program run from the Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University. The research investigates the ecology and restoration potential of pocket forests in the Australian context. The program also engages citizen scientists through a dedicated science outreach program. The outreach program brings pocket forests into schools where the children plant their very own Miyawaki forest right in their school grounds. As part of the outreach program, the children monitor their pocket forests every month with ecologist and urban forest maker, Dr Grey Coupland, from Harry Butler Institute, becoming citizen scientists and hopefully inspiring the next generation of scientists and eco-warriors. You can learn more about their work on Instagram at @pocketforestsWA and as well as at: https://pocketforestswa.org/ For sources and to read more about this subject, visit: www.agroecologies.org To support this podcast, join our patreon for early episode access at https://www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac For PPA Writing Content, visit: www.agroecologies.org For PPA Restoration Content, visit: www.restorationagroecology.com For PPA Merch, visit: www.poorproles.com For PPA Native Plants, visit: www.nativenurseries.org To hear Tomorrow, Today, our sister podcast, visit: www.tomorrowtodaypodcast.org/ Key Words: Urban Biodiversity, Miyawaki Method, Urban Rewilding, Marine Ecology, Seagrasses, Mangroves, Tiny Forests, Biodiversity, Soil Microbes, Forest Health, Soil Microbial Profiles, eDNA, Community Engagement, Environmental Stewardship, Invasive Species, Empowerment, Children, Growth Rates, Maturity Rates, Citizen Science, Compost Tea, Indigenous Practices, Social Impact, Native Species, Conservation Groups, Invasive Species Management, Mulch, Weeding, Regenerative Agriculture, Instagram, Websites, Research Affiliations

In this episode, we're diving into the history of Tiny Forests and the man behind them, Akira Miyawaki. There's a complex framework to this seemingly simple process of super-dense forests, and we discuss how it's been appropriated without context in permaculture, and what tree clusters should look like and the science behind it. To get Miyawaki's book in the US, visit:  https://www.buddhistcenter-rkina.org/product-page/the-healing-power-of-forest   To support this podcast, join our patreon for early episode access at www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac For more information and updates, visit www.poorproles.com and subscribe to our e-mail list.     Sources: https://www.nippon.com/en/in-depth/d00789/ 1 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969721040249 2 https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/plantbiotechnology1997/16/1/16_1_15/_pdf/-char/en 3 https://urban-forests.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Urban-Forests-report-The-Miyawaki-method-%E2%80%93-Data-concepts.pdf 4 https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/shubhendu-clears-misconceptions-about-miyawaki-methodology/articleshow/70798962.cms 5 https://news.mongabay.com/2022/06/in-jordan-the-middle-easts-first-miyawaki-style-baby-forests-take-root/ 6 https://www.crowdforesting.org/minimum-size-of-a-miyawaki-forest 7 "The Healing Power of Forests: The Philosophy Behind Restoring Earth's Balance with Native Trees" by Akira Miyawaki  

How deep is your understanding of the soil beneath your feet? Jeff Lowenfels, a lawyer-turned-gardening expert, takes us on an insightful journey from using Miracle-Gro to becoming a staunch advocate for organic gardening. Through fascinating stories of his transformation, Jeff reveals how interactions with JI Rodale and Dr. Elaine Ingham opened his eyes to the wonders of the soil food web. Discover the pivotal role of mycorrhizal fungi and the critical movement of nutrients from soil to plants, all explored in his latest book, "Teaming with Bacteria." Ever wondered about the secret life of bacteria in your garden soil? This episode uncovers the complex relationships between plants and bacteria within root meristem cells. Learn how bacteria and plants engage in a symbiotic dance involving superoxide and nitrate production for mutual growth benefits. We also discuss the broader implications for soil health and sustainable agriculture, stressing the importance of bacteria-produced slime in maintaining soil structure and the dangers of chemical interventions. From composting and vermicomposting to innovative methods like Korean Natural Farming, Jeff shares traditional and modern soil-building techniques that nurture the soil food web. Highlighting the importance of endophytic bacteria in seeds, Jeff advises against sterilizing seeds and soil. Stay tuned as we explore the future of beneficial bacterial identification technologies and reflect on the groundbreaking insights from Jeff's series of books, starting with "Teaming with Microbes." This conversation is a treasure trove of knowledge that will inspire you to embrace organic gardening and understand the science behind it. If you’re not familiar with Jeff, he describes himself as an “reformed lawyer”, who also happens to write the longest running garden column in North America, having never missed a week in 41 years. The combination of garden writing and law earned him the moniker of “America’s Dirtiest Lawyer,”. He is the former President of the Garden Writers of America, a GWA Fellow and in 2005 was inducted into the GWA Hall of Fame, the highest honor a garden writer can achieve. Jeff is also the founder of a now national program that started as “Plant a Row for Bean’s,” the soup kitchen in Anchorage, and is now “Plant A Row for The Hungry.” The program is active all 50 states and Canada and has resulted in millions pounds of garden produce being donated to feed the hungry every year. As of this recording, Jeff has just released his newest book of the Teaming With Series. You might be familiar with Teaming with Microbes, Teaming with Nutrients, but his newest book, Teaming with Bacteria, sheds an entirely new light on some of the most cutting edge soil science research, and that’s what we’re here to talk about today. You can find Jeff on Twitter @GardenerJeff and you can buy his book series at jefflowenfels.com For sources and to read more about this subject, visit: www.agroecologies.org To support this podcast, join our patreon for early episode access at https://www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac For PPA Writing Content, visit: www.agroecologies.org For PPA Restoration Content, visit: www.restorationagroecology.com For PPA Merch, visit: www.poorproles.com For PPA Native Plants, visit: www.nativenurseries.org To hear Tomorrow, Today, our sister podcast, visit: www.tomorrowtodaypodcast.org/

This episode of "The Poor Proles Almanac" explores the crucial role microbes play in the nitrogen cycle within the soil. The hosts, Andy and Elliot, along with guest host Matt, break down complex biological processes into an accessible and humorous discussion. They emphasize how understanding these microbial interactions can help both home gardeners and large-scale agricultural operations move away from commercial fertilizers and embrace more sustainable practices. Soil as a Complex Ecosystem The episode begins by recapping the basic principles of soil ecology covered in previous episodes, reminding listeners that soil is not simply inert dirt, but a dynamic ecosystem teeming with life. Plants form the foundation of this ecosystem by releasing exudates, which feed bacteria and fungi. These microbes then make nutrients more accessible to the plants, creating a mutually beneficial relationship. The hosts explain that this complex web of interactions extends beyond just plants and microbes, encompassing organisms like protozoa, nematodes, and arthropods. This diversity within the soil food web is essential for maintaining a healthy balance and ensuring the continuous cycling of nutrients. The Importance of Nitrogen The episode focuses specifically on nitrogen, a vital nutrient for plant growth, and how microbes impact its availability within the soil. When organisms within the soil food web die or are consumed, some of the nitrogen they contain is released as waste in the form of ammonium. Special bacteria, known as nitrifying bacteria, then convert this ammonium into nitrates. The Role of pH in Nitrogen Availability The hosts emphasize that the pH of the soil plays a crucial role in determining whether nitrogen is present as ammonium or nitrates. Nitrifying bacteria thrive in high pH, bacterially dominated soils. In low pH soils, however, these bacteria are less prevalent, and the nitrogen remains in the form of ammonium. The episode highlights the importance of understanding these pH dynamics when it comes to fertilizing plants. Commercial fertilizers are almost always in the form of nitrates, which are suitable for high pH soils but not for plants that prefer low pH conditions. This disparity underscores the importance of tailoring fertilization practices to the specific needs of plants and their corresponding soil environment. The Interplay of Soil Structure and Microbial Activity The discussion then shifts to soil structure, particularly the cation exchange capacity (CEC), which refers to the ability of the soil to hold onto nutrients and water. The hosts explain that lower pH soils, like those found in forests, generally have a lower CEC. However, the presence of organic matter in forest soils can help mitigate this by providing similar properties to neutral pH soils. The hosts underscore the critical role of hydroscopic water, a thin film of water that surrounds soil particles and is essential for microbial survival. Even in dry conditions, this hydroscopic water remains bound to the soil, providing a crucial lifeline for the microbial community. Bacteria and Fungi: Key Players in Decomposition The episode then goes into detail about two primary decomposers in the soil food web: bacteria and fungi. Bacteria are the second most common decomposers, breaking down organic matter into simpler molecules like sugars, fatty acids, and amino acids. Fungi, on the other hand, are the number one decomposers worldwide, capable of breaking down more complex materials like lignin and cellulose, as well as insect shells and even bones. Their ability to move nutrients across soil horizons makes fungi particularly important in building soil structure and fertility. Fungal Dominance in Forests The hosts connect the dominance of fungi in forest soils to the lower pH environment typically found in forests. Fungi are more tolerant of low pH conditions than bacteria, explaining why forests tend to have a higher fungal-to-bacterial ratio. The episode explains that as fungi break down organic matter, they release enzymes that are acidic, further lowering the soil pH. This acidification, in turn, inhibits the growth of nitrifying bacteria, leading to a greater abundance of ammonium, the preferred form of nitrogen for trees. Practical Applications for Gardeners The hosts offer practical advice for gardeners based on these microbial principles. For instance, they suggest building bacterially dominated mulches using green materials like grass clippings to promote bacterial activity and reduce weeds. Conversely, using surface mulches composed of materials like shredded leaves can encourage fungal activity, which is beneficial for trees and other plants that prefer ammonium. The Importance of Soil Building The episode concludes by emphasizing the importance of building healthy soil by fostering a diverse microbial community. Adding fertilizers alone is not a sustainable solution, as the nutrients are quickly lost without the microbes to cycle them back into the soil. By understanding the intricate relationship between microbes and nitrogen, gardeners and farmers can cultivate thriving ecosystems that support healthy plant growth while minimizing reliance on synthetic inputs. For sources, transcripts, and to read more about this subject, visit: www.agroecologies.org To support this podcast, join our patreon for early, commercial-free episode access at https://www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac For PPA Restoration Content, visit: www.restorationagroecology.com For PPA Merch, visit: www.poorproles.com For PPA Native Plants, visit: www.nativenurseries.org To hear Tomorrow, Today, our sister podcast, visit: www.tomorrowtodaypodcast.org/

Last week we spoke with Vijay Kumar Thallam to discuss the development of Andhra Pradesh's natural farming movement to feed 50 million people in a few short years; in this episode we're joined by two of the women who are part of this movement. We’re joined with H. Vanurakka, or Vanu, from Durudakunta village of Kalyandurgam Mandal in the Anantapur District & Konda Usha Rani, or Usha, of the Nutakki Village in the Guntur district. They’re both single women farmers.   This episode is particularly special, as our host for this episode was none other than our friend Dr. Ayesha Khan, and some of the translation voiceovers were provided by Nash Flynn. Make sure to check out their work at both The Disorderland Podcast & the Death and Friends podcast, respectively.     You can follow their story on Facebook: Andhra Pradesh Community Managed Natural Farming Twitter & Instagram: @APZBNF https://apcnf.in/     To support this podcast, join our patreon for early episode access at www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac For more information and updates, visit www.poorproles.com and subscribe to our e-mail list.

In this episode, we're joined by Vijay Kumar Thallam, a farm leader in the Andhra Pradesh region of India. What does it look like to rely on biology, fermentation, and place-based resources to feed people at scale? This seems to be the million dollar question for folks in regenerative agriculture, permaculture, and so on. Andhra Pradesh is doing it and showing what these systems can look like. Andhra Pradesh addresses this issue by focusing on building women's cooperatives that are organized federationally, which guides food systems in local communities. This episode is a special one that everyone should be listening closely to. Vijay Thallam is Executive Vice Chairman of the Indian non-profit Rythu Sadhikara Samstha, which focuses on organic agriculture; and an advisor on agriculture and cooperation to the state Government of Andhra Pradesh. After 37 years in government, Thallam took that experience to work with large-scale community mobilization and promotion of livelihoods of rural women, tribal communities and farmers. He served a record 10 years as CEO of the Society for Elimination of Rural Poverty in Andhra Pradesh and led the mobilization and empowerment of 11.5 million rural poor women into thrift and credit based self-help groups, so they could move out of poverty. During the past five years, he has led a movement for climate-resilient, community managed natural farming, also known as Zero Budget Natural Farming. In 2020, it was renamed as Andhra Pradesh Community-Managed Natural Farming. Thallam was appointed as the Vice Chair of the Champions Network for the UN Food Systems Summit.   You can follow their story on Facebook: Andhra Pradesh Community Managed Natural Farming Twitter & Instagram: @APZBNF https://apcnf.in/     To support this podcast, join our patreon for early episode access at www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac For more information and updates, visit www.poorproles.com and subscribe to our e-mail list.

Ever wondered how ancient Indian farmers managed to cultivate bountiful crops without synthetic chemicals? In this episode, we journey back to around 700 BCE to uncover the ingenious practices detailed in texts like Vrikshaya Veda and the Berkshire Veda. You'll be amazed to learn how these early techniques laid the groundwork for modern organic farming, employing principles that integrated mathematics, health management, and animal care. We then venture into the heart of these ancient texts, dissecting innovative farming methods that emphasized harmony with the land’s natural uniqueness. From the use of cow dung and composting to the creation of fermented liquid manures, we discuss how these traditional techniques compare to modern sustainable practices like Korean Natural Farming (KNF) and Jadam. You'll get a balanced perspective as we critique contemporary movements such as zero budget natural farming, separating timeless wisdom from pseudoscientific claims. Next, we delve into specific ancient recipes and their modern counterparts, like the fascinating fermentation process of Kunapajala, a potent liquid manure. We spotlight Surapala’s methods and the impressive yield increases seen in crops like mango, coconut, and kiwi when using these ancient techniques. Whether you’re a farming enthusiast or just curious about ancient practices, this episode promises to be both enlightening and delightfully humorous. For sources and to read more about this subject, visit: www.agroecologies.org To support this podcast, join our patreon for early episode access at https://www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac For PPA Writing Content, visit: www.agroecologies.org For PPA Restoration Content, visit: www.restorationagroecology.com For PPA Merch, visit: www.poorproles.com For PPA Native Plants, visit: www.nativenurseries.org To hear Tomorrow, Today, our sister podcast, visit: www.tomorrowtodaypodcast.org/   Key Words: Ancient Indian Farming, Vrikshaya Veda, Berkshire Veda, Traditional Farming, Sustainable Agriculture, Korean Natural Farming, Jadam, Fermented Fertilizers, Organic Fertilizers, Crop Yield, Poultry Waste, Marginalized Communities, Fermentation Process, Nutrient Content, Personal Hygiene, Self-Care, Blue Cash Preferred, American Express

In this episode, we're joined by Brandon Rust, founder of Bokashi Earthworks and known for his extensive expertise in cannabis growing. Brandon's work walks the tight rope between understanding conventional agricultural practices and how to maximize yield and data tracking while also embracing many natural farming methods. Why is this balance important, and what does it look like?   Check out Brandon's incredible work on Instagram @Rust.Brandon and if you're looking to buy products from Bokashi Earthworks, visit: https://www.bokashiearthworks.com/?wpam_id=21 As of this episode drop, there is a 25% sale using the code BLACKFRIDAY   To support this podcast, join our patreon for early episode access at www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac

This episode of "The Poor Proles Almanac" explores bokashi, an alternative method of composting that utilizes anaerobic fermentation to break down organic waste. Hosts Elliot and Andy, joined by guest host Matt, navigate the complexities of bokashi, drawing comparisons to traditional composting, examining its historical origins, and highlighting its practical applications. The hosts engage in their signature irreverent humor while offering a thorough breakdown of bokashi, from its microbial foundations to its potential benefits and drawbacks. Distinguishing Bokashi from Traditional Composting The episode begins by clarifying that bokashi, while often referred to as composting, is fundamentally different from traditional aerobic composting. Traditional composting relies on oxygen and involves a diverse array of microorganisms working together to break down organic matter, producing heat and ultimately transforming the waste into humus. Bokashi, on the other hand, operates in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic conditions) and utilizes a specific group of microbes, primarily lactobacillus bacteria, to ferment the waste. This fermentation process results in a product known as pre-compost, which can then be further broken down in soil to release nutrients. Bokashi's Asian Roots and Modern Evolution While often associated with Korea, where it is believed to have been practiced for thousands of years, the modern bokashi system was developed in Japan by Dr. Teruo Higa in the late 1970s. Dr. Higa's breakthrough was the creation of EM1 (Effective Microorganisms 1), a pre-packaged blend of microorganisms specifically selected for their ability to effectively ferment organic waste. The episode highlights how Dr. Higa's work made bokashi more accessible for modern living, particularly in urban environments. Traditionally, bokashi involved burying waste in pits, relying on the consistent underground temperature to facilitate fermentation. EM1 allowed for the creation of bokashi systems that could be used in apartments and other settings where burying waste was impractical. The Microbes Behind Bokashi: EM1 and Beyond The episode delves into the composition of EM1, explaining that it primarily consists of lactobacillus bacteria, yeast, and purple non-sulfur bacteria (PNSB). However, there is debate about whether PNSB actually contribute to the bokashi process, as some argue they are ineffective in anaerobic conditions. The hosts acknowledge that EM1 can be expensive and point out that DIY alternatives exist. One option is to buy EM1 once and propagate the microorganisms, similar to maintaining a sourdough starter. Another method involves trying to capture PNSB from the environment, although the hosts caution that this requires further research and experimentation. Creating Bokashi Bran: The Carbon Source Bokashi relies on a carbon source to provide a medium for the microorganisms to thrive. This typically involves using rice bran, wheat bran, or rice hulls. However, the hosts mention that paper or coffee grounds can be used in a pinch, though not ideal due to their moisture content and texture. The episode outlines the process of creating bokashi bran, which involves mixing molasses, water, and EM1, then combining this mixture with the chosen carbon source. The goal is to inoculate the bran with the microorganisms and create a moist environment that supports their growth. The Bokashi Process: From Food Scraps to Pre-Compost The hosts provide a step-by-step explanation of the bokashi process: Choose an airtight container. While commercially available bokashi buckets exist, DIY options using five-gallon buckets with drilled holes or modified lids are also possible. Layer food scraps with bokashi bran. Add a layer of bokashi bran to the bottom of the container, followed by a layer of food scraps (about an inch thick), and then sprinkle more bran on top. Press down the waste. This helps minimize air pockets and create a more anaerobic environment. Repeat layering process. Continue adding layers of food scraps and bokashi bran until the container is full. Seal the container and let it ferment. Store the container in a room-temperature location for two weeks to allow the fermentation process to complete. After two weeks, the bokashi pre-compost will have a distinctive vinegary smell and may be covered in white mycelium, indicating the presence of beneficial fungi. This pre-compost can then be either buried in the garden or mixed with soil in a separate container to finish the decomposition process. Bokashi Tea: Leachate and Its Applications During the fermentation process, a liquid known as leachate or bokashi tea drains from the bucket. The hosts emphasize that this liquid should be used quickly, ideally within hours of collection, and is best suited for indoor plants. They express skepticism about the purported nutritional benefits of bokashi tea, likening it to the weak leachate that drips from coffee grounds or overripe bananas. The Benefits and Limitations of Bokashi The hosts acknowledge that bokashi offers certain advantages over traditional composting, particularly: Ability to compost meat and dairy. The anaerobic environment and low pH created by bokashi inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria that can be present in meat and dairy waste. Reduced odor, insects, and rodents. The closed container system of bokashi minimizes smells and helps prevent infestations. Accessibility during winter. Bokashi can be done indoors, making it a viable option for composting year-round, even in cold climates. However, bokashi also has its limitations: Need for specialized equipment. Airtight containers are essential for bokashi, which can be an added expense. Production of pre-compost, not finished compost. The bokashi process only partially decomposes the waste, requiring an additional step of burying or mixing with soil to create usable compost. Limited scientific research. The hosts point out that there is a lack of rigorous scientific studies comparing the effectiveness of bokashi to traditional composting. Concluding Thoughts: Experimentation and Critical Thinking The episode concludes by encouraging listeners to experiment with bokashi but to approach it with a critical mindset. While bokashi holds promise as an alternative composting method, it's not a cure-all for soil problems and requires careful consideration of its advantages and disadvantages. The hosts emphasize the importance of ongoing observation and experimentation to determine the best composting methods for individual needs and contexts. For sources, transcripts, and to read more about this subject, visit: www.agroecologies.org To support this podcast, join our patreon for early, commercial-free episode access at https://www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac For PPA Restoration Content, visit: www.restorationagroecology.com For PPA Merch, visit: www.poorproles.com For PPA Native Plants, visit: www.nativenurseries.org To hear Tomorrow, Today, our sister podcast, visit: www.tomorrowtodaypodcast.org/

We're joined by the Denver Compost Collective to discuss the concept of urban composting and utilizing compost as a tool for building community. How can we leverage our mutual understanding of the importance of soil health and local, healthy food to build inroads with our neighbors? And more importantly, how can their model be replicated across urban spaces globally?   The Denver Compost Collective provides a weekly compost collection service for apartment dwellers. Their community farm partners regularly receive their compost and add it to their soils, which supports the soil greatly: improving its structure, adding fertility for crops, retaining water, and reintroducing critically important microbes back into the earth. This supports the farm’s efforts to grow healthy, natural food for their communities right in Denver. Check out the Denver Compost Collective on Instagram (@DenverCompostCollective) & Facebook, and visit their website for more information: http://www.denvercompostcollective.com   Support this podcast by visiting www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac or sign up for our newsletter at www.poorproles.com