EDECMO Podcast

Episode 53 is all about the distal perfusion catheter12.  We are inserting a 15-19 Fr catheter into the femoral artery.  This limits the flow of blood to the affected extremity.  Many institutions have gone to mandatory distal perfusion catheters.  This episode is all about those catheters – when, how, which, and where.  Joe Dubose, the world reknown vascular and trauma surgeon, joins us to discuss the details of this important piece of post pump initiation. Take Homes – Common Femoral -> Superficial Femoral Artery or Posterior Tibial/Dorsalis Pedis Check distal perfusion frequently 5-7 Fr Catheters Doppler/Temperature/Color of distal extremity Remember side port of arterial ECMO catheter significantly limits the flow dynamics through the catheter References 1. Kaufeld T, Beckmann E, Ius F, et al. Risk factors for critical limb ischemia in patients undergoing femoral cannulation for venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: Is distal limb perfusion a mandatory approach? Perfusion. February 2019:267659119827231. [PubMed] 2. Lamb K, DiMuzio P, Johnson A, et al. Arterial protocol including prophylactic distal perfusion catheter decreases limb ischemia complications in patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. J Vasc Surg. 2017;65(4):1074-1079. [PubMed]

1,23456 We’ve all heard of therapeutic hypothermia.  Some of us have heard of deep hypothermia for traumatic arrest.  But what about deep regional hypothermia of brain for cardiac arrest!  Zack interviewed Rob Schultz, a CT surgeon resident from Calgary who is doing research on deep hypothermia of the brain using some of the tactics that are utilized in operating room.  His stuff is mind blowing! References 1. Milewski RK, Pacini D, Moser GW, et al. Retrograde and Antegrade Cerebral Perfusion: Results in Short Elective Arch Reconstructive Times. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 2010;89(5):1448-1457. doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2010.01.056 2. Keeling WB, Leshnower BG, Hunting JC, Binongo J, Chen EP. Hypothermia and Selective Antegrade Cerebral Perfusion Is Safe for Arch Repair in Type A Dissection. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 2017;104(3):767-772. doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2017.02.066 3. Papadopoulos N, Risteski P, Hack T, et al. Is More than One Hour of Selective Antegrade Cerebral Perfusion in Moderate-to-Mild Systemic Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest for Surgery of Acute Type A Aortic Dissection Safe? Thorac cardiovasc Surg. 2017;66(03):215-221. doi:10.1055/s-0037-1604451 4. Perreas K, Samanidis G, Thanopoulos A, et al. Antegrade or Retrograde Cerebral Perfusion in Ascending Aorta and Hemiarch Surgery? A Propensity-Matched Analysis. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 2016;101(1):146-152. doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2015.06.029 5. McCullough J, Zhang N, Reich D, et al. Cerebral metabolic suppression during hypothermic circulatory arrest in humans. Ann Thorac Surg. 1999;67(6):1895-1899; discussion 1919-21. [PubMed] 6. Yan T, Bannon P, Bavaria J, et al. Consensus on hypothermia in aortic arch surgery. Ann Cardiothorac Surg. 2013;2(2):163-168. [PubMed]

#tbs19 The Big Sick—-  You’ve heard of ECMO for cardiac arrest- utilizing a mechanical pump to aid in perfusion of the coronaries.  What if you can’t do ECMO?  What if your resources are such that simply can’t lug a 10 kilogram machine out into the field?  Well, Jostein Brede may have something for you to consider.  He and several other places worldwide are on the forefront of using a REBOA catheter to occlude the proximal aorta during chest compressions in hopes that coronary perfusion pressure increases.  This would subsequently improve chance of return of spontaneous circulation and overall survivorship.  Maybe this is the band-aid that can be used in austere environments like rural Norway where the temperatures are extreme, the people are sparse, but the physicians are motivated.  12 References 1. Daley J, Morrison JJ, Sather J, Hile L. The role of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) as an adjunct to ACLS in non-traumatic cardiac arrest. T. 2017;35(5):731-736. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2017.01.010 2. Aslanger E, Golcuk E, Oflaz H, et al. Intraaortic balloon occlusion during refractory cardiac arrest. A case report. R. 2009;80(2):281-283. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2008.10.017

This is part 2 of Transport of ECMO patients.  Mikael Broman is one of the world’s leaders on ECMO transport.  He works at the Karolinska institute in Sweden and ha s and continues to publish in the arena of ECMO transport.  As you will see, he offers a world of experience and certainly some critical information that we would all benefit from listening to.  I’m a smarter ECMO-tologist as a result of Micke!1234         ELSO transport guidelines -https://www. elso.org/Portals/0/Files/ELSO%20GUIDELINES%20 FOR%20ECMO%20TRANSPORT_May2015.pdf   References 1. Bryner B, Cooley E, Copenhaver W, et al. Two Decades’ Experience With Interfacility Transport on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. T. 2014;98(4):1363-1370. doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2014.06.025 2. Javidfar J, Brodie D, Takayama H, et al. Safe Transport of Critically Ill Adult Patients on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support to a Regional Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Center. A. 2011;57(5):421-425. doi:10.1097/mat.0b013e3182238b55 3. Broman LM. Inter-hospital transports on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in different health-care systems. J. 2017;9(9):3425-3429. doi:10.21037/jtd.2017.07.93 4. Ericsson A, Frenckner B, Broman L. Adverse Events during Inter-Hospital Transports on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2017;21(4):448-455. [PubMed]

This month we are looking at how to transport patients from one facility to another on ECMO.  This is a difficult task, full of potential catastrophes.  Zack interviews Leon Eydelman, an ER/Critical Care physician from Chicago, and Michael Broman out of Karolinska in Sweden.  Leon will be bringing us up to speed on what to do, potential fails, and how to start the process of setting up a transport process for ECMO patients.  Dr. Eydelman will be teaching a new section at Reanimate this January specifically geared toward the transport of patients.  So if you are a nurse, medic, perfusionist, or RT involved in the transport of ECMO patients you will not want to miss Leon’s section  Sign up at Reanimateconference.com.  Part 2 of this podcast includes the interview with Dr. Broman which will blow your mind.  So much great stuff in both of these interviews.

In this episode, Zack Shinar interviews Zaf Qasim about the recent controversies with ACEP and ACS about who can do REBOA.  Zaf is one of the world’s experts on REBOA and he’s an ER doc!  Zaf works at the University of Pennsylvania, trained in London as well as Shock Trauma in Baltimore and teaches at Reanimate.  When you come to the essence of this episode, the question is what is the emergency physician’s role in the trauma resuscitation?  Both Zaf and Zack agree; we need to be the resuscitationist in the trauma suite.  We need to manage the airway and then quickly take over the arterial and venous access, interpret the transduced pressures, manage the massive transfusion protocol and be ready to insert the REBOA catheter while the trauma surgeon is involved with the left chest, the source of bleeding and where the next destination for this patient will be.

This part two of August 2018.  We are now tackling the difficult question of when to transport cardiac arrests if I have ECMO available?  Brian Grunau is an expert in this question.  Brian has become a giant in the world of ECMO.  His research, leadership and experience have pushed the Canadian ECPR contingency to the forefront.   Brian gives us some insight on what factors I should consider and when should I transport.1 References 1. Grunau B, Reynolds J, Scheuermeyer F, et al. Relationship between Time-to-ROSC and Survival in Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest ECPR Candidates: When is the Best Time to Consider Transport to Hospital? P. 2016;20(5):615-622. doi:10.3109/10903127.2016.1149652

Over this last year we have had episodes on organ donation and decision to transport.  This month we are revisiting two topics with two amazing people in two separate episodes.  Here, I interviewed Velia Marta Antonini.   Velia works in Italy where several of the great ECMO donation papers have originated.  She explains why this research is coming from Italy, what the process looks like, and the implications of this for other countries.  Check out her slides below.         Here are Velia’s slides on the subject eisor ED ecmo (1)      

Well, it only took us seven years to figure this one out.  The wire assistant has been the key advancement of 2018 for placement of ECMO cannulas.  In this episode, Zack and Joe talk through this process after an  interview with Alyssa Baldini.  Alyssa was one of our first true wire assistants and has been instrumental in getting cannulas in faster and safer.  We discuss how the wire assistant aids in sterility and getting the artery on the first stick.  Bottom line – train someone at your shop to be an expert wire assistant.

In this episode, Zack talks with Heidi Dalton about ECMO use in Sepsis.  This is another controversial area with pediatric literature showing strong results while the adult results have been less impressive.  Heidi has been a key figure in both adult and pediatric ECMO.  She is the former chair of the yearly ELSO conference.  She is a professor at both George Washington University and Virginia Commonwealth University.  Her background is in pediatric critical care. She currently works at INOVA in Virginia where she is the director of adult and pediatric ECMO. Sepsis has been thought to be a contraindication to ECMO use secondary to the pro-inflammatory nature of ECMO and potential to harbor infection.  Recent research is certainly controversial with adult studies showing low survival in septic shock and sepsis as a cause of arrest.  As with much of ECMO literature, the problem is with the denominator – What is the expected survival of these patients?  The follow up question becomes what effort is prudent for these low survival rates?  The sepsis cohort tend to be younger and potential for long term survival is high.  The question remains should we be utilizing ECMO for sepsis?1–9 References 1. Maclaren G, Butt W, Best D, Donath S, Taylor A. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for refractory septic shock in children: one institution’s experience. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2007;8(5):447-451. [PubMed] 2. Datzmann T, Träger K. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and cytokine adsorption. J. 2018;10(S5):S653-S660. doi:10.21037/jtd.2017.10.128 3. Perdue SM, Poore BJ, Babu AN, Stribling WK. Successful use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in severe septic shock with associated acute cardiomyopathy. J. 2018;33(1):50-52. doi:10.1111/jocs.13508 4. von Bahr V, Hultman J, Eksborg S, Frenckner B, Kalzén H. Long-Term Survival in Adults Treated With Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Respiratory Failure and Sepsis*. C. 2017;45(2):164-170. doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000002078 5. Millar J, Fanning J, McDonald C, McAuley D, Fraser J. The inflammatory response to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO): a review of the pathophysiology. Crit Care. 2016;20(1):387. [PubMed] 6. Choi M, Ha S, Kim H, Park S, Han S, Lee S. The Simplified Acute Physiology Score II as a Predictor of Mortality in Patients Who Underwent Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Septic Shock. Ann Thorac Surg. 2017;103(4):1246-1253. [PubMed] 7. Tramm R, Ilic D, Davies A, Pellegrino V, Romero L, Hodgson C. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for critically ill adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;1:CD010381. [PubMed] 8. Park T, Yang J, Jeon K, et al. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for refractory septic shock in adults. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2015;47(2):e68-74. [PubMed] 9. Sharma A, Weerwind P, Maessen J. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation resuscitation in adult patients with refractory septic shock. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2014;147(4):1441-1442. [PubMed]