Investopoly

 It’s been well documented that property prices rose significantly over the course of 2020 and 2021. According to the Real Estate Institute of Australia, median house prices in eastern capital cities rose between 30% to 40% over those 2 years.  However, unfortunately apartments underperformed compared to houses in a big way. I wanted to discuss why this occurred and consider what growth prospects apartments might provide in the future.  Apartment prices are low relative to houses The chart below compares the median price of apartments to median price of houses from March 1980 to March 2022 (source: REIA). On average, the median house price has ranged between 1.2 and 1.4 times higher than the median apartment price in Melbourne and Sydney.  CHARTHowever, since house prices increased strongly during 2020 and 2021, the median house price is now almost 1.6 times the median apartment price in Sydney and Brisbane, and over 1.9 times in Melbourne. This is because the price of houses rose strongly over this time whereas the price of apartments barely changed.  Covid negatively impacted apartment values Apartments are typically owned by people on lower incomes or investors.  It has been well documented that lower income earners suffered the most during Covid lockdowns, as typically their occupations do not lend themselves well to working from home and/or their industries were closed e.g., hospitality and retail.  Investors that owned apartments during Covid were asked to provide rental discounts/waivers and were restricted from vacating tenants and/or increasing rent.  Consequently, throughout 2020 and 2021, apartment vacancy rates rose, rental incomes fell and of course, investors avoided this segment of the market.  Conversely, Covid had a positive effect on house prices Homeowners tend to earn higher incomes than apartment owners, especially in blue-chip suburbs. These higher income earners were able to work from home during lockdowns and as such, they didn’t suffer any reduction in income. In fact, because they were in lockdown, they found they saved a lot more money which strengthened their financial position.  Falling interest rates also helped higher income earners as it increased their borrowing capacity and ability to service debt. Together with an increased focus on lifestyle such as having a home office and/or relocating to a tree or seasiDo you have a question? Email: questions@investopoly.com.au or for a faster response, post a comment on the episode's video over on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@investopolypodcast/podcasts If you're interested in working with my team and me, discover how we can work together here: https://prosolution.com.au/prospective-client/If this episode resonated with you, please leave a rating on your favourite podcast platform. Subscribe to my weekly blog: https://www.prosolution.com.au/stay-connected/ Buy a one of Stuart's books for ONLY $20 including delivery. Use the discount code blog: https://prosolution.com.au/books/DOWNLOAD our 97-point financial health checklist here: https://prosolution.com.au/download-checklist/IMPORTANT: This podcast provides general information about finance, taxes, and credit. This means that the content does not consider your specific objectives, financial situation, or needs. It is crucial for you to assess whether the information is suitable for your circumstances before taking any actions based on it. If you find yourself uncertain about the relevance or your specific needs, it is advisable to seek advice from a licensed and trustworthy professional.

 Banks will usually offer higher interest rate discounts to new customers to win their business. But, of course, the banks never offer these higher discounts to existing customers, unless they ask for them.  Whilst this has always been the case, it is noteworthy that interest rate discounts have increased substantially over the past 10 years. This means the gap between what interest rates existing and new customers are being charged has also widened to the extent that it is becoming more important that you (or your mortgage broker) review your loans at least annually.  New customers are enjoying higher discountsA decade ago, interest rate discounts (i.e., discount off the standard variable rate) typically ranged between 0.70% and 0.90% p.a. Today, we are obtaining discounts of up to 2.95% p.a.[1]! This means it’s very likely that new customers are paying significantly lower interest rates than existing ones, particularly if they haven’t renegotiated their loans for a few years.   The chart below is compiled by the RBA and illustrates that new customers (orange line) are, on average, being charged lower variable interest rates than existing customers (purple line) – see yellow highlighted box. As you can see, this gap has widened considerably over recent years.   CHART What drives home loan discounts? Management remuneration packages (i.e., senior banking executives) tend to be linked to shareholder returns i.e., the share price. Bank share prices will be affected by factors such as (1) growth in mortgages compared to their peers and (2) net interest rate margin (which essentially is the gross profit generated by mortgage lending). A positive or negative change in these factors will tend to have an influence on a banks’ share price.  For a variety of reasons, banks can experience phases where they produce better results (i.e., high growth and margins) than their peers. Conversely, the reverse is true too. Therefore, when a bank underperforms, it must make up for lost growth and buy a greater share of the (mortgage) market. It does this through discounting, either through broad based promotions or more often, offering higher customer-specific discounts to win new business.  For example, in its recent half-yearly presentation in May 2022, Westpac confirmed that its investment mortgage loan book experienced a decline of 6.6% since September 2020 whereas its compeDo you have a question? Email: questions@investopoly.com.au or for a faster response, post a comment on the episode's video over on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@investopolypodcast/podcasts If you're interested in working with my team and me, discover how we can work together here: https://prosolution.com.au/prospective-client/If this episode resonated with you, please leave a rating on your favourite podcast platform. Subscribe to my weekly blog: https://www.prosolution.com.au/stay-connected/ Buy a one of Stuart's books for ONLY $20 including delivery. Use the discount code blog: https://prosolution.com.au/books/DOWNLOAD our 97-point financial health checklist here: https://prosolution.com.au/download-checklist/IMPORTANT: This podcast provides general information about finance, taxes, and credit. This means that the content does not consider your specific objectives, financial situation, or needs. It is crucial for you to assess whether the information is suitable for your circumstances before taking any actions based on it. If you find yourself uncertain about the relevance or your specific needs, it is advisable to seek advice from a licensed and trustworthy professional.

 An understanding of basic economic principles will set you in good stead to understand financial commentary, political rhetoric and make your own assessment of economic risks and opportunities. That is not to suggest you need to become an economic expert but understanding some basic principles will go a long way.   The foundation of economics: the law of supply and demand The law of supply and demand is the cornerstone of economic theory.  The law of demand states that as the price of a product or service rises (holding all other factors constant), the level (quantity) of demand for that product or service falls. Basic logic supports this principle because fewer people will be able to afford the product as the price increases and/or an increasing proportion of people will consider it uneconomical to buy it at that (higher) price. The demand curve is downward sloping, as depicted in the diagram below.  The law of supply is the opposite to demand. That is, the higher the price of a product or service, the higher the quantity of the product or service supplied by the economy (i.e., business). Again, this is common sense because as the price of a product or service rises, so does its profitability, so businesses therefore want to produce more.   Diagram 1  The intersection of the supply and demand curves is the equilibrium price. This is the is the price at which the producer can sell all the units they want to produce, and the buyer can buy all the units they want. Diagram 2  A current example A current example of the law of supply and demand at work is reflected in the price of lettuce – a topic being discussed in the media lately. As we know, supply has contracted due to supply chain issues and floods. Consequently, the supply curve has shifted left, and the price has risen to find a new equilibrium (i.e., equilibrium moves from A to B in the chart below). When supply returns to normal, so will prices.   Economic output and growth The economic health of a country is primarily measured using Gross Domestic Product (or GDP). This measures the market value of all the goods and services that a country produces. The formula to calculate GDP is:  GDP = Consumer spending + Government spending + Investment + NDo you have a question? Email: questions@investopoly.com.au or for a faster response, post a comment on the episode's video over on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@investopolypodcast/podcasts If you're interested in working with my team and me, discover how we can work together here: https://prosolution.com.au/prospective-client/If this episode resonated with you, please leave a rating on your favourite podcast platform. Subscribe to my weekly blog: https://www.prosolution.com.au/stay-connected/ Buy a one of Stuart's books for ONLY $20 including delivery. Use the discount code blog: https://prosolution.com.au/books/DOWNLOAD our 97-point financial health checklist here: https://prosolution.com.au/download-checklist/IMPORTANT: This podcast provides general information about finance, taxes, and credit. This means that the content does not consider your specific objectives, financial situation, or needs. It is crucial for you to assess whether the information is suitable for your circumstances before taking any actions based on it. If you find yourself uncertain about the relevance or your specific needs, it is advisable to seek advice from a licensed and trustworthy professional.

Many investors consider future trends when making investment decisions. Popular examples of investable trends include the growing demand for green energy, mainstream adoption of electric vehicles and cybersecurity.   The thesis is that if you can correctly spot/predict a trend in the early stages, then you can invest in the companies and sectors that are best positioned to benefit economically. This is called thematic investing.  What is thematic investing? Thematic investing is an approach that seeks to capitalise on megatrends and/or long-term structural changes. Most thematic trends tend to relate to three broad categories being (1) demographic change, (2) technological innovation and (3) climate change.   The goal is to invest in sectors or companies that are likely to benefit substantially from these changes. For example, electronic vehicles (EV’s) will likely benefit from increasing consumer demand because of an increasing focus on climate change. If you agree with this thesis, then you may be attracted to investing in not only EV manufactures but the downstream industries such as battery, sensor manufactures, rare material miners (e.g., lithium – Australia is the largest exporter of lithium) and so on.   Can you pick trends with consistent accuracy? The main challenge with thematic investing is that it’s a higher risk strategy because it relies on your (trend) expectations materialising. Our expectations can often be shaped by our world view, personal experiences and the dominant narrative of the day. However, these things may not be useful when making investment decisions.  Also, because these themes are based on future outcomes, we must realise that expectations, products, technology and so on can change very quickly. Again, using EV’s as an example, whilst some valuable advancement have been made, there’s still plenty of opportunity for significant development in the future. Challenges such as battery storage, manufacturing costs, faster charging, battery recycling all need to be addressed. And the solution may not rest entirely with lithium batteries, but an alternative technology that is not discovered yet.  How trends ultimately play out is inherently difficult to predict.  Do you need to pick trends? An argument can be made that you don’t need to pick trends because when themes eventually materialise and result in value (profitable businesses/sectors), they will eventually be included in traditional sharDo you have a question? Email: questions@investopoly.com.au or for a faster response, post a comment on the episode's video over on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@investopolypodcast/podcasts If you're interested in working with my team and me, discover how we can work together here: https://prosolution.com.au/prospective-client/If this episode resonated with you, please leave a rating on your favourite podcast platform. Subscribe to my weekly blog: https://www.prosolution.com.au/stay-connected/ Buy a one of Stuart's books for ONLY $20 including delivery. Use the discount code blog: https://prosolution.com.au/books/DOWNLOAD our 97-point financial health checklist here: https://prosolution.com.au/download-checklist/IMPORTANT: This podcast provides general information about finance, taxes, and credit. This means that the content does not consider your specific objectives, financial situation, or needs. It is crucial for you to assess whether the information is suitable for your circumstances before taking any actions based on it. If you find yourself uncertain about the relevance or your specific needs, it is advisable to seek advice from a licensed and trustworthy professional.

Some investors have been spooked by the RBA hiking interest rates by 0.75% over the past two months, particularly since it has spent the past two years telling us that rates would not rise until 2024. Higher interest rates at the same time as rising prices (inflation) are a two-fold blow for household budgets.Where are interest rates heading?The banks predict that the cash rate will rise by a further 1.40% to 1.50% by March 2023. Money markets have priced in a cash rate that is more than 2.60% higher by March 2023, but most commentators feel this is too hawkish, and unlikely to happen.The theory is that, due to higher inflation, the cash rate should return to the neutral rate as soon as possible to avoid monetary policy adding to inflationary pressures. The neutral rate is when the cash rate is neither economically expansionary nor contractionary. Most commentators believe the neutral rate is between 2% and 3%.Ironically, inflation may force rates to fall againAustralian inflation is currently 5.1% p.a. and will certainly read higher in the June quarter. Inflation in other developed economies is approaching 10%. But anyone that's visited a supermarket or petrol station lately knows that inflation is a lot higher than what the CPI measure reflects. This higher inflation has already dampened consumer and business confidence, which will cool economic growth (GDP).The neutral cash rate might very well be between 2% and 3% when prices of goods and services are at normal levels. However, given the backdrop of much higher prices, it is very likely that the natural rate is closer to 1% to 1.5%. Therefore, if the RBA raises rates too far at the same time prices are very high, it will result in a decline of economic growth (GDP). In fact, last week CBA forecasted that will happen and the RBA will cut rates by 0.50% in the second half of 2023.Don't overreact to recent rate risesI was watching TV with amusement last week. Reporters were interviewing people about the RBA's recent 0.50% rate hike. People were talking like interest rates were 10%! Of course, I shouldn't be surprised at the alarmist nature of TV!The reality is that interest rates are still very low by historical standards. By the end of this month (i.e., after the most recent rate hike filters through to mortgage rates), standard variable home loan (P&I) rates will be around 4.75% p.a. and investment (IO) rates approximately 6.10% p.a. Of course, new borrowers are offered hefty discounts of 2% p.a. or more off the standard variable rate. Therefore, most discounted home loan rates will be in the high 2%'s to low 3%'sDo you have a question? Email: questions@investopoly.com.au or for a faster response, post a comment on the episode's video over on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@investopolypodcast/podcasts If you're interested in working with my team and me, discover how we can work together here: https://prosolution.com.au/prospective-client/If this episode resonated with you, please leave a rating on your favourite podcast platform. Subscribe to my weekly blog: https://www.prosolution.com.au/stay-connected/ Buy a one of Stuart's books for ONLY $20 including delivery. Use the discount code blog: https://prosolution.com.au/books/DOWNLOAD our 97-point financial health checklist here: https://prosolution.com.au/download-checklist/IMPORTANT: This podcast provides general information about finance, taxes, and credit. This means that the content does not consider your specific objectives, financial situation, or needs. It is crucial for you to assess whether the information is suitable for your circumstances before taking any actions based on it. If you find yourself uncertain about the relevance or your specific needs, it is advisable to seek advice from a licensed and trustworthy professional.

Our goal is to inspire our people to adopt a holistic approach when making financial decisions. That's because financial decisions often include several interrelated considerations and consequences, including financial planning, cash flow, taxation, borrowing and so on. Also, taking a holistic approach ensures no opportunities or risks slip between the gaps.Often, the best way to make a point is to tell relatable, real-life stories. Therefore, to demonstrate how valuable a holistic approach is, I have shared six client stories below.What is a holistic approach?Traditionally, financial services have been very siloed. If you have a tax question, you ask your accountant. If you have a mortgage structuring question, you ask your mortgage broker. If you have a question about super, you ask your financial advisor. You get the point.However, the problem with this approach is that financial matters tend to be interrelated. What seems like a basic mortgage question could have tax and/or financial planning consequences, which a mortgage broker cannot be expected to have the necessary experience and knowledge to address.A holistic approach recognises that many financial decisions require a multidisciplinary approach. At ProSolution Private Clients, we ensure that our team provides a collaborative response to help clients make fully informed financial decisions.Case studiesBelow is a selection of six case studies explaining how our clients have benefited from our holistic approach. Whilst these case studies are based on actual events, we have avoided including names or financial information to preserve confidentiality.(1) Business plan integrated with personal financial planOur client recently established his own professional services business. He was achieving some excellent financial results (in a relatively short period of time) and was able to share a business plan with us. We used this business plan to formulate advice regarding a few important matters.Firstly, we ensured that he had flexible business income structures to help minimise tax.Secondly, we developed a long-term financial strategy which addresses how he was going to achieve business and personal goals. Upgrading the family home was a priority.And finally, and perhaps most importantly, we developed a financing (borrowing) strategy to ensure these plans could be implemented with the banks help.This approach ensured all interrelated matters (i.e., tax, borrowing and building wealth) were optimised.(2) Tax planning whilst maximising borrowing capacityIn some situations, safely maximising a clients' borrowing capacitDo you have a question? Email: questions@investopoly.com.au or for a faster response, post a comment on the episode's video over on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@investopolypodcast/podcasts If you're interested in working with my team and me, discover how we can work together here: https://prosolution.com.au/prospective-client/If this episode resonated with you, please leave a rating on your favourite podcast platform. Subscribe to my weekly blog: https://www.prosolution.com.au/stay-connected/ Buy a one of Stuart's books for ONLY $20 including delivery. Use the discount code blog: https://prosolution.com.au/books/DOWNLOAD our 97-point financial health checklist here: https://prosolution.com.au/download-checklist/IMPORTANT: This podcast provides general information about finance, taxes, and credit. This means that the content does not consider your specific objectives, financial situation, or needs. It is crucial for you to assess whether the information is suitable for your circumstances before taking any actions based on it. If you find yourself uncertain about the relevance or your specific needs, it is advisable to seek advice from a licensed and trustworthy professional.

Most people are familiar with the saying that “time in the market is more important than timing the market”. It is very true that holding a quality investment for many decades will mask imperfect timing. However, for some asset classes/investments, timing can be very important.Most markets move in cyclesMost people understand that markets move in cycles. To generalise, an asset class can be over-valued (particularly during a boom cycle), under-valued (after a bust cycle) or fairly valued.If you had have invested in the US tech index (NASDAQ) in November 2021 you would have lost about 30% to date. This is a lesson in poor timing. $100 invested would now be worth $70. An investor needs a 43% return just to get back to $100 again (breakeven). It’s worth noting that every fundamental indicator highlighted that the NASDAQ has been overvalued for some time. Of course, a bull market can last a lot longer than anyone can anticipate which invites people to ignore these fundamental indicators.Mean reversion: what goes up, must come downIf we acknowledge that most markets move in cycles, then it is obvious that we should invest in undervalued or fairly valued asset classes and sell asset classes that are overvalued. Taking this approach leverages the power of mean reversion as I explain in this blog.Investment-grade property has much flatter cyclesIt is important to define what I mean by “investment-grade property”. Investment-grade property is an asset that has produced a solid historical capital growth rate, underpinned by a strong land value component and scarcity. As such, investment-grade property benefits from perpetually strong demand at a level that exceeds supply. These assets are generally located in well-established, sort after, blue-chip suburbs.Property is a lot less volatile than shares – about half the rate. I suspect there’s two reasons for this. Firstly, property is a necessity. We all need a roof over our heads. It is not a discretionary asset, like shares are. Secondly, due to high transactional costs (agent fees, stamp duty, etc.), property isn’t traded (bought and sold) in the same way shares are.For example, tDo you have a question? Email: questions@investopoly.com.au or for a faster response, post a comment on the episode's video over on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@investopolypodcast/podcasts If you're interested in working with my team and me, discover how we can work together here: https://prosolution.com.au/prospective-client/If this episode resonated with you, please leave a rating on your favourite podcast platform. Subscribe to my weekly blog: https://www.prosolution.com.au/stay-connected/ Buy a one of Stuart's books for ONLY $20 including delivery. Use the discount code blog: https://prosolution.com.au/books/DOWNLOAD our 97-point financial health checklist here: https://prosolution.com.au/download-checklist/IMPORTANT: This podcast provides general information about finance, taxes, and credit. This means that the content does not consider your specific objectives, financial situation, or needs. It is crucial for you to assess whether the information is suitable for your circumstances before taking any actions based on it. If you find yourself uncertain about the relevance or your specific needs, it is advisable to seek advice from a licensed and trustworthy professional.

I think we need to be prepared for the possibility that the next couple of years might be a bumpy ride in terms of the economy, financial markets, interest rates and so forth. The media thrives on higher levels of uncertainty, so be prepared for plenty of doomsday predictions and lots of negativity. The silver lining is that negative sentiment almost always creates attractive long term investment opportunities, but you must be on the lookout for them.Inflation is not demand drivenIt has been well documented that the cost of living has been rising in Australia and around the world. Australia’s inflation rate is currently 5.1% p.a. (as measured by CPI), but anyone that’s been to the supermarket lately knows that prices of many products has risen by a lot more than this. Inflation is a problem in many other countries too – NZ inflation is 6.9%, UK is 9.0% and US is 8.3%.Inflation occurs because demand for goods and services exceeds supply. Inflation can be demand driven (i.e., when demand is above normal, but supply remains at normal levels) or supply driven (i.e., supply is below normal).I certainly acknowledge that some sectors have experienced levels of consumer demand that are well above normal levels, particularly during lockdowns. However, at this stage, I think inflation is mainly driven by supply chain shortages. Therefore, to cool inflation, demand must be reduced to below normal levels. Unfortunately, that means financial pain for some people because household budgets need to be strained to the point that people buy fewer goods and services than they would otherwise need to buy. That will be achieved either by higher prices (market forces) or higher interest rates (RBA), or both. Cooling supply driven inflation is generally painful, especially when wages aren’t rising nearly as fast as prices.https://twitter.com/barereality/status/1526819407435026432?s=11&t=Vl92S8uqUmuNXQEI7PnHSgBut interest rates must return to normal ASAP almost regardless of inflationDo you have a question? Email: questions@investopoly.com.au or for a faster response, post a comment on the episode's video over on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@investopolypodcast/podcasts If you're interested in working with my team and me, discover how we can work together here: https://prosolution.com.au/prospective-client/If this episode resonated with you, please leave a rating on your favourite podcast platform. Subscribe to my weekly blog: https://www.prosolution.com.au/stay-connected/ Buy a one of Stuart's books for ONLY $20 including delivery. Use the discount code blog: https://prosolution.com.au/books/DOWNLOAD our 97-point financial health checklist here: https://prosolution.com.au/download-checklist/IMPORTANT: This podcast provides general information about finance, taxes, and credit. This means that the content does not consider your specific objectives, financial situation, or needs. It is crucial for you to assess whether the information is suitable for your circumstances before taking any actions based on it. If you find yourself uncertain about the relevance or your specific needs, it is advisable to seek advice from a licensed and trustworthy professional.

A lot has been written about the good fortune of baby-boomers in that, overall, they have enjoyed a long period of economic, share market and property market prosperity. Whilst they haven’t enjoyed the full benefit of compulsory super (which only began in 1992), other assets such as property has certainly compensated for that.This means an inheritance tsunami will hit the next generation over the next two decades. Baby Boomers are expected to bequeath $224 billion each year in inheritance by 2050, representing a fourfold increase in the value of inheritances over the next 30 years. This creates a huge financial planning opportunity for many families.At the same time, it invites you to think about the value of assets that you plan to leave your beneficiaries.(A) Planning to receive an inheritanceThere are many factors that you must consider if there’s a chance that you may receive an inheritance.Do not rely on it, but certainly plan for itThe size of any potential inheritance and your family’s circumstances will typically determine whether it’s prudent to rely on receiving an inheritance when developing your personal financial plan.Whilst you might expect to receive an inheritance, we all know that circumstances can quickly change. For example, the expected benefactors (often parents) might end up spending all their money or losing it (poor investments) or changing their mind and leaving it all to charity. Anything can happen.You also must consider your family’s circumstances. If there’s a risk of conflict (between potential beneficiaries) then it’s possible you may not receive what you expect or you may be involved in a long legal battle. Any experienced estate lawyer will tell you how often money issues upset and ruin otherwise well-functioning and happy families. Money and family rarely mix well.How can you factor it into your plans?If you are confident that you will receive an inheritance and that you are unlikely to experience any family conflict, then you may take this into account in your own financial plan. For example, you might be comfortable borrowing additional monies to invest on the assumption that the inherence will assist you in repaying or reducing this debt when you retire. Or perhaps you might prioritisDo you have a question? Email: questions@investopoly.com.au or for a faster response, post a comment on the episode's video over on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@investopolypodcast/podcasts If you're interested in working with my team and me, discover how we can work together here: https://prosolution.com.au/prospective-client/If this episode resonated with you, please leave a rating on your favourite podcast platform. Subscribe to my weekly blog: https://www.prosolution.com.au/stay-connected/ Buy a one of Stuart's books for ONLY $20 including delivery. Use the discount code blog: https://prosolution.com.au/books/DOWNLOAD our 97-point financial health checklist here: https://prosolution.com.au/download-checklist/IMPORTANT: This podcast provides general information about finance, taxes, and credit. This means that the content does not consider your specific objectives, financial situation, or needs. It is crucial for you to assess whether the information is suitable for your circumstances before taking any actions based on it. If you find yourself uncertain about the relevance or your specific needs, it is advisable to seek advice from a licensed and trustworthy professional.

I find it ironic that the two common financial mistakes that people make are (1) not investing i.e., procrastination or (2) doing too much i.e., turning over investments, changing their mind and so on.Of course, not doing anything is an obviously bad thing as nothing comes from nothing. I wrote about this in March. But, sometimes reacting, changing, tinkering, selling, buying and so on can be equally as bad. The truth is that investing requires a lot of patience. The quote below from Warren Buffett’s business partner since 1975, Charlie Munger says it perfectly.Look at those hedge funds - you think they can wait? They don't know how to wait! I have sat for years at a time with $10 to $12 million in treasuries or municipals, just waiting, waiting...As Jesse Livermore said, 'The big money is not in the buying and selling...but in the waiting.'– Charlie MungerWhen it comes to investing, doing nothing is often sometimes the most intelligent thing to do.Research demonstrates that buying and selling destroys wealthThere’s a commonly cited story about global fund manager, Fidelity conducting research into which investment accounts performed the best. It is said that it found that inactive accounts i.e., where the investor forgot that the account existed produced the best returns, on average.A study that included 66,465 investors concluded that portfolio turnover (i.e. buying and selling stocks) is inversely related to returns. That is, higher turnover leads to lower (about 5.5% p.a.) returns, on average. Whilst this study only considered stocks, the same would be true for every other asset class.Three reasons why you need the discipline to be patientIf you have the discipline to be patient, you will enjoy much better investment returns for three reasons.(1) Markets move in cyclesMost investment markets move in cycles. That is, a period of above-average returns follows a period of below average-returns, as shown in this Do you have a question? Email: questions@investopoly.com.au or for a faster response, post a comment on the episode's video over on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@investopolypodcast/podcasts If you're interested in working with my team and me, discover how we can work together here: https://prosolution.com.au/prospective-client/If this episode resonated with you, please leave a rating on your favourite podcast platform. Subscribe to my weekly blog: https://www.prosolution.com.au/stay-connected/ Buy a one of Stuart's books for ONLY $20 including delivery. Use the discount code blog: https://prosolution.com.au/books/DOWNLOAD our 97-point financial health checklist here: https://prosolution.com.au/download-checklist/IMPORTANT: This podcast provides general information about finance, taxes, and credit. This means that the content does not consider your specific objectives, financial situation, or needs. It is crucial for you to assess whether the information is suitable for your circumstances before taking any actions based on it. If you find yourself uncertain about the relevance or your specific needs, it is advisable to seek advice from a licensed and trustworthy professional.