It's time for another two-part edition of things that were unearthed in recent months. Today's episode covers updates, lots of repatriations, some mummy stuff, Viking stuff, animal stuff, and a handful of miscellany.  Research: AFP. “Chile's National Museum Of Natural History To Return Easter Island 'Head'.” Archaeology News Network. 2/21/2022. https://archaeologynewsnetwork.blogspot.com/2022/02/chiles-national-museum-of-natural.html AFP. “Nigeria Returns Two Stolen Benin Bronzes To Traditional Royal Palace.” Archaeology News Network. 2/21/2022. https://archaeologynewsnetwork.blogspot.com/2022/02/nigeria-returns-two-stolen-benin.html Agence France-Presse. “17 Pre-Columbian Artifacts Returned to Mexico.” VOA News. 2/21/2022. https://www.voanews.com/a/pre-columbian-artifacts-returned-to-mexico/6451918.html Alex, Bridget. “Archaeologists uncover oldest ochre workshop in East Asia.” Science. 3/2/2022. https://www.science.org/content/article/archaeologists-uncover-oldest-ochre-workshop-east-asia Amaral, Brian. “Australian researchers defend finding of Captain Cook’s ship in R.I.: ‘Right where we said it was’.” Boston Globe. 2/4/2022. https://www.bostonglobe.com/2022/02/04/metro/right-where-we-said-it-was-finding-captain-cooks-ship-ri-waters-makes-waves-among-researchers/?event=event12 Associated Press. “More possible victims of 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre found in mass grave.” AL.com. 3/3/2022. https://www.al.com/news/2022/03/more-possible-victims-of-1921-tulsa-race-massacre-found-in-mass-grave.html Australian National University. “Mysterious, giant stone jars found in India.” Phys.org. 3/30/2022. https://phys.org/news/2022-03-mysterious-giant-stone-jars-india.html Barras, Colin. “Ancient smells reveal secrets of Egyptian tomb.” Nature. 3/31/2022. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-00903-z BBC. “Bedfordshire A428 dig: Evidence of Roman beer production found.” 3/30/2021. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-beds-bucks-herts-60932382 Bower, Bruce. “Ancient seafarers built the Mediterranean’s largest known sacred pool.” Science News. 3/16/2022. https://www.sciencenews.org/article/sacred-pool-ancient-seafarers-phoenicians-largest-mediterranean Bower, Bruce. “The world’s oldest pants stitched together cultures from across Asia.” Science News. 2/18/2022. https://www.sciencenews.org/article/pants-oldest-ancient-horseman-asia-culture-origin Burke, Minyvonne. “Wreckage of 207-year-old whaling ship found on seafloor of Gulf of Mexico.” 3/23/2022. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/wreckage-207-year-old-whaling-ship-found-seafloor-gulf-mexico-rcna21189 Cambridge University Press. “Oldest known drinking straws identified.” Phys.org. 1/19/2022. https://phys.org/news/2022-01-oldest-straws.html CBS/AFP. “U.S. returns gold treasure looted from 1746 shipwreck and skull stolen from Parisian catacombs to France.” 3/4/2022. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/us-returns-gold-treasure-skull-to-france/ Cramer, Maria. “Scotland Apologizes for History of Witchcraft Persecution.” New York Times. 3/9/2022. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/09/world/europe/scotland-nicola-sturgeon-apologizes-witches.html Deutsches Archaologisches Institut. “4000 year old boat salvaged near the ancient city of Uruk.” 3/28/2022. https://www.dainst.org/en/dai/meldungen/-/asset_publisher/nZcCAiLqg1db/content/4000-jahre-altes-boot-bei-der-antiken-stadt-uruk-notgeborgen Dijkstra, Mischa. “Ancient art and genetics combine to reveal origin of world's most expensive spice.” EurekAlert. 3/8/2022. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/945749 El-Aref, Nevine. “The Largest Embalming Cache Ever Found In Egypt Unearthed At Abusir.” Archaeology News Network. 2/8/2022. https://archaeologynewsnetwork.blogspot.com/2022/02/the-largest-embalming-cache-ever-found.html Ferrarin, Federica. “Agnese, the unknown daughter of Marco Polo.” 2/7/2022. https://www.unive.it/pag/16584/?tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=11938&cHash=92cbc9af6f08744a0a46e4cd860f4c92 Gast, Phil. “A dozen more Revolutionary War-era cannons have been found and raised from the Savannah River.” CNN. 2/8/2022. https://www.cnn.com/2022/02/08/us/savannah-river-cannons-discovery/index.html Geggel, Laura. “2,000-year-old Celtic hoard of gold 'rainbow cups' discovered in Germany.” LiveScience. 1/13/2022. https://www.livescience.com/celtic-gold-hoard-discovered-germany Gershon, Livia. “Hungry Badger Digs Up a Trove of Roman Coins in Spain.” Smithsonian. 1/11/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/hungry-badger-digs-up-roman-coins-in-spain-180979378/ Gershon, Livia. “Researchers Digitally Unwrap Egyptian Pharaoh’s 3,500-Year-Old Mummy.” Smithsonian. 1/5/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/mummy-of-egyptian-pharaoh-digitally-unwrapped-180979309/ Gershon, Livia. “The Horned Helmets Falsely Attributed to Vikings Are Actually Nearly 3,000 Years Old.” Smithsonian. 1/10/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/iconic-viking-horned-helmets-actually-3000-years-old-180979339/ Gross, Jenny. “Decoding Dickens’s Secret Notes to Himself, One Symbol at a Time.” New York Times. 2/8/2022. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/08/books/charles-dickens-secret-notes.html Gutman, David. “Ancient Native American Artifacts: Seattle to return items to tribe.” The Columbian. 3/25/2022. https://www.columbian.com/news/2022/mar/25/ancient-native-american-artifacts-seattle-to-return-items-to-tribe/     Jones, Sam. “Roman boat that sank in Mediterranean 1,700 years ago gives up its treasures.” The Guardian. 3/8/2022. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2022/mar/08/roman-boat-that-sank-in-mediterranean-1700-years-ago-gives-up-its-treasures Kindy, David. “A Gladiator Arena, Possibly the Last Ever Built, Discovered in Switzerland.” Smithsonian. 2/3/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/what-may-be-the-last-gladiator-arena-ever-built-discovered-in-switzerland-180979497/ Kindy, David. “Amelia Earhart’s Leather Flying Cap Sells at Auction for $825,000.” Smithsonian. 3/1/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/amelia-earharts-leather-flying-cap-sells-at-auction-for-825000-180979649/ Kindy, David. “Archaeologists Unearth 4,000-Year-Old Stone Board Game in Oman.” Smithsonian. 1/11/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/archaeologists-unearth-4000-year-old-stone-board-game-in-oman-180979340/ Kindy, David. “Rubin Museum Agrees to Return Stolen Religious Artifacts to Nepal.” Smithsonian. 1/13/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/rubin-museum-agrees-to-return-stolen-religious-artifacts-to-nepal-180979391/        Kubota, Taylor. “Genomic analysis supports ancient Muwekma Ohlone connection.” Stanford University via EurekAlert. 3/21/2022. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/946684 Lynch, Brendan. “Archaeological dig reveals participants in California’s Gold Rush dined on salted Atlantic cod.” University of Kansas via EurekAlert. 1/6/2022. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/939427 Magni, Paola et al. “How centuries-old bones from Australia's historic shipwrecks can help us solve crimes.” The Conversation via Phys.org. 2/8/2022. https://phys.org/news/2022-02-centuries-old-bones-australia-historic-shipwrecks.html Manhattan District Attorney. “D.A. Bragg Returns Two Antiquities Valued at Over $500,000 to the People of Libya.” 3/30/2022. https://www.manhattanda.org/d-a-bragg-returns-two-antiquities-valued-at-over-500000-to-the-people-of-libya/ McGlone, Peggy. “Smithsonian to give back its collection of Benin bronzes.” Washington Post. 3/8/2022. https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2022/03/08/smithsonian-benin-bronzes-nigeria-return/ McGreevy, Nora. “Dismissed as a Copy for Decades, This Flemish Masterpiece Could Now Fetch Thousands.” Smithsonian. 1/13/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/dismissed-as-copy-for-decades-this-flemish-masterpiece-could-now-fetch-thousands-180979387/          Medievalists.net. “More than 90% of medieval literature manuscripts have been lost, researchers suggest.” 2/2022. https://www.medievalists.net/2022/02/medieval-manuscripts-have-been-lost/ Miller, Michael. “Did comet's fiery destruction lead to downfall of ancient Hopewell?” EurekAlert. 1/22/2022. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/942039 Murphy, Luke John et al. “An Anatomy of the Blood Eagle: The Practicalities of Viking Torture.” Speculum.  Volume 97, Number 1. January 2022. https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/717332 Ormseth, Matthew. “Federal agents return 4,000-year-old artifacts to Iraqi government.” Phys.org. 1/21/2022. https://phys.org/news/2022-01-federal-agents-year-old-artifacts-iraqi.html Pratt, Mark. “New analysis provides more clues about Pilgrim-era shipwreck.” Phys.org. 3/11/2022. https://phys.org/news/2022-03-analysis-clues-pilgrim-era-shipwreck.html Rankin, Jennifer. “‘Justice can triumph’: painting looted by Nazis returned to owners after 80 years.” The Guardian. 2/10/2022. https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2022/feb/10/justice-can-triumph-painting-looted-by-nazis-returned-to-owners-after-80-years Recker Jane. “France to Return 15 Works of Nazi-Looted Art to Jewish Families.” Smithsonian Magazine. 1/31/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/france-to-return-15-works-of-nazi-looted-art-to-jewish-families-180979487/ Recker, Jane. “An Ornate, 5,000-Year-Old Stone Drum Is the U.K.’s Most Significant Prehistoric Art Find in a Century.” Smithsonian. 2/18/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/an-ornate-5000-year-old-stone-drum-is-the-uks-most-significant-prehistoric-art-find-in-a-century-180979604/ Rogulj, Daniela. “1800-year-old Roman Goddess Venus Statue in Zadar Discovered at Future Hotel Site.” Total Croatia News. 1/15/2022. https://www.total-croatia-news.com/lifestyle/59345-venus-statue-in-zadar Rutgers University. “Ancient Mesopotamian discovery transforms knowledge of early farming.” Phys.org. 1/11/2022. https://phys.org/news/2022-01-ancient-mesopotamian-discovery-knowledge-early.html Sjoberg, Cecilia. “Medieval Ship Found Off The West Coast Of Sweden.” The Archaeology News Network. 2/4/2022. https://archaeologynewsnetwork.blogspot.com/2022/02/medieval-ship-found-off-west-coast-of.html Solomon, Tessa. “Archaeologists in Mexico Recover Coyote-Man Sculpture, Shedding Light on a Pre-Hispanic Civilization.” ArtNews. 1/27/2022. https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/coyote-man-sculpture-tacambro-mexico-recovered-1234617012/ Solomon, Tessa. “Lebanese Museum Returns More than 300 Allegedly Looted Artifacts to Iraq.” ARTNews. 2/1/2022. https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/nabu-museum-artifacts-returned-iraq-1234618272/ Sonia Díaz-Navarro et al, The first otologic surgery in a skull from El Pendón site (Reinoso, Northern Spain), Scientific Reports (2022). DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06223-6 The History Blog. “1,000-year-old surgical kit found in Sican tomb.” http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/63683 University of Aberdeen. “Rare Pictish Symbol Stone Found Near Potential Site Of Famous Battle.” Archaeology News Network. 3/7/2022. https://archaeologynewsnetwork.blogspot.com/2022/03/rare-pictish-symbol-stone-found-near.html University of Cambridge. “Identifying the portable toilets of the ancient Roman world.” Phys.org. 2/10/2022. https://phys.org/news/2022-02-portable-toilets-ancient-roman-world.html University of Exeter. “Medieval warhorses were surprisingly small in stature, study shows.” https://www.exeter.ac.uk/research/news/articles/medievalwarhorsesweresurp.html University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. “Study ties present-day Native American tribe to ancestors in San Francisco Bay Area.” 3/21/2022. https://phys.org/news/2022-03-ties-present-day-native-american-tribe.html University of Vienna. “Origin of the 30,000-year-old Venus of Willendorf discovered.” Phys.org. 2/28/2022. https://phys.org/news/2022-02-year-old-venus-willendorf.html Ward, Bob. “New England Unsolved: How a Lynn murder is providing a new lead in Gardner Art Heist investigation.” Boston25. 2/21/2022. https://www.boston25news.com/news/local/new-england-unsolved-how-lynn-murder-is-providing-new-lead-gardner-art-heist-investigation/NVS6SKXQMVHDLLOMAKDJVGCFAU/ Yirka, Bob. “Evidence found of goose domestication in China 7,000 years ago.” 3/8/2022. https://phys.org/news/2022-03-evidence-goose-domestication-china-years.html See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This 2016 episode covers the first woman to ever become a court painter in France. She painted royalty and nobility throughout Europe, including Marie Antoinette, even as her personal life had its ups and downs.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Holly and Tracy reminisce about their families' first microwave ovens and their favorite chocolate chip cookie recipes. Then they discuss Ivy Lee's career and dubious associations.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Ivy Lee was one of the founders of the fields of public relations and crisis communications. His approach to public relations was revolutionary for the time, and he helped establish a lot of practices that still exist today. Research:  Auerbach, Jonathan. “Weapons of Democracy: Propaganda, Progressivism, and American Public Opinion.” New Studies in American Intellectual and Cultural History. Jeffrey Sklansky, Series Editor. Johns Hopkins University Press. 2015. Committee of Coal Mine Managers. “The Struggle in Colorado for Industrial Freedom.” 1914. https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=9kowAAAAYAAJ&rdid=book-9kowAAAAYAAJ&rdot=1 Congress of the United States. “Investigation of Nazi Propaganda Activities and Investigation of Certain Other Propaganda Activities.” United States Government Printing Office. 1934. https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=shUWAAAAIAAJ&pg=GBS.PP7 Cutlip, Scott M. “The Unseen Power: Public Relations. A History.” Routledge, 1994. Dinsmore, William H. “PR to the Rescue – Again!” Public Relations Quarterly. Summer 1979. Georgia Historical Society. “Marker Monday: Ivy Ledbetter Lee, Founder Of Modern Public Relations 1877-1934.” https://georgiahistory.com/marker-monday-ivy-ledbetter-lee-founder-of-modern-public-relations-1877-1934/ Hainsworth, Brad E. “Retrospective: Ivy Lee and the German Dye Trust.” Public Relations Review. Volume 13, Issue 1, Spring 1987. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0363-8111(87)80071-1 Hallahan, Kirk. “Ivy Lee and the Rockefellers’ Response to the 1913–1914 Colorado Coal Strike.” JOURNAL OF PUBLIC RELATIONS RESEARCH, 14(4), 265–315. 2002. Hiebert, Ray Eldon. “Biographers for Billionaires.” The Public Relations Quarterly. Summer 1966. Hiebert, Ray Eldon. “Courtier to the crowd; the story of Ivy Lee and the development of public relations.” Iowa State University Press. 1966. Hiebert, Ray Eldon. “Ivy Lee and Rockefeller Press Relations.” Journalism Quarterly; Summer 1966. Hiebert, Ray Eldon. “Ivy Lee: ‘Father of Modern Public Relations.’” The Princeton University Library Chronicle , WINTER 1966, Vol. 27, No. 2. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26409644 Hiebert, Ray Eldon. “Lucky Lindy: A Public Relations Hero.” Public Relations Quarterly. Spring 1975. "Ivy Ledbetter Lee." Dictionary of American Biography, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1944. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/BT2310009213/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=7478f6e9. Accessed 22 Mar. 2022. "Ivy Ledbetter Lee." Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. Economic History, edited by Thomas Carson and Mary Bonk, Gale, 1999. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1667000116/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=30efc6d4. Accessed 22 Mar. 2022. Meade, Jared. “Father of PR, Ivy Lee, Pioneered Tactics We Use Today.” 8/24/2020. (3/23/2022). https://www.prnewsonline.com/ivy-lee-crisis-history/ New York Times. “Ivy Lee, as Adviser to Nazis, Paid $25,000 by Dye Trust.” 7/12/1934. https://nyti.ms/3LqanZh Olasky, Marvin N. “Ivy Lee: Minimizing Competition through Public Relations.” Public Relations Quarterly. Fall 1987. Olasky, Marvin N. “The Agenda-Setting of Ivy Lee.” Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, August 1985. Via ERIC. O'Neill, Kathleen. "U.S. public relations evolves to meet society's needs." Public Relations Journal, vol. 47, no. 11, Nov. 1991, pp. 28+. Gale General OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A11595331/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=14ce8464. Accessed 22 Mar. 2022. Russell, Karen Miller and Carl O. Bishop. “Understanding Ivy Lee’s declaration of principles: U.S. newspaper and magazine coverage of publicity and press agentry, 1865–1904.” Public Relations Review 35 (2009) 91–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2009.01.004 SNAC. “Lee, Ivy L. (Ivy Ledbetter), 1877-1934.” (3/23/2022) https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w64j0h2p#biography Turney, Michael. “Ivy Lee was decades ahead of his contemporaries.” On-line Readings in Public Relations. 2015. (3/23/2022) https://www.nku.edu/~turney/prclass/readings/3eras2x.html See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Often, inventions that are made quite by accident end up becoming an everyday part of life. This episode covers two of those: the microwave oven and the chocolate chip cookie. Research:  Balsley, Betsy. “Microwave Ovens Put the Space Age in the Kitchen.” Honolulu Star-Bulletin. Dec. 4, 1968. https://www.newspapers.com/image/271185585/?terms=radarange&match=1 Ratheon Company. “Technology Leadership.” https://web.archive.org/web/20130322044917/http://www.raytheon.com/ourcompany/history/leadership/ Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "microwave oven". Encyclopedia Britannica, 26 Oct. 2018, https://www.britannica.com/technology/microwave-oven  Weiss, Stanley I. and Amir, Amir R.. "Raytheon Company". Encyclopedia Britannica, 7 Apr. 2016, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Raytheon-Company “Amana.” Whirlpool. https://www.whirlpoolcorp.com/2010annual/brand-amana.html “Percy Spencer.” Atomic Heritage Foundation. https://www.atomicheritage.org/profile/percy-spencer#:~:text=Percy%20Spencer%20was%20an%20American,at%20a%20local%20paper%20mill. “Tappan Stove Company.” Ohio History Central. https://ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Tappan_Stove_Company#:~:text=In%201955%2C%20the%20Tappan%20Stove,too%20expensive%20for%20home%20use. Jorgensen, Timothy J. “Hot Food, Fast: The Home Microwave Oven.” Smithsonian. March 16, 2017. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/hot-food-fast-home-microwave-oven-turns-50-180962545/ “Patent No. 2,495,429 – P.L. Spencer – Method of Treating Foodstuffs.” United States Patent and Trademark Office. January 24, 1950. https://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?PageNum=0&docid=02495429&IDKey=261705CF6164&HomeUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fpatft.uspto.gov%2Fnetacgi%2Fnph-Parser%3FSect1%3DPTO1%2526Sect2%3DHITOFF%2526d%3DPALL%2526p%3D1%2526u%3D%25252Fnetahtml%25252FPTO%25252Fsrchnum.htm%2526r%3D1%2526f%3DG%2526l%3D50%2526s1%3D2495429.PN.%2526OS%3DPN%2F2495429%2526RS%3DPN%2F2495429 “Revolution in Kitchens Is Created by Amana’s Microwave Radarange.” The commercial Appeal. Sept. 30, 1968. https://www.newspapers.com/image/770831761/?terms=radarange&match=1 Wyman, Carolyn. “The Great American Chocolate Chip Cookie Book: Scrumptious Recipes & Fabled History From Toll House to Cookie Cake Pie.” Countryman Press. 2013. Roberts, Sam. “Forgotten No More: Overlooked No More: Ruth Wakefield, Who Invented the Chocolate Chip Cookie.” New York Times. March 21, 2018. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/21/obituaries/overlooked-ruth-wakefield.html “CONTROL IS SOUGHT OF LAMONT, CORLISS.” New York Times. December 23, 1949. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1949/12/23/84292752.html?pageNumber=29 Blitz, Matt. “The Amazing True Story of How the Microwave Was Invented by Accident.” Popular Mechanics. Sept. 2, 2021. https://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/gadgets/a19567/how-the-microwave-was-invented-by-accident/ See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This 2017 episode covers several days in 1934 during which Adolf Hitler, who was at the time the Nazi Party Leader and Reich Chancellor, directed an action which eliminated all of his political enemies and enabled him to declare himself Fuhrer.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Tracy and Holly discuss Shackleton's leadership, how unsuited to isolation exploration they both are, and how much trash such exploration can leave behind. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

After Shackleton’s team abandoned the Endurance to the ice, they faced a harrowing journey over the ice of Antarctica. Meanwhile, the support team aboard the Aurora was also faced with a grueling and treacherous race for survival. Research: LeBrun, Nancy. “Survival! The Shackleton Story.” National Geogrpahic. Via YouTube. 1991. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sgh_77TtX5I "Ernest Shackleton, Sir." Explorers & Discoverers of the World, Gale, 1993. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1614000271/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=b93f5648. Accessed 14 Mar. 2022. Savours, Ann. “Shackleton, Sir Ernest Henry.” Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.  9/23/2004. https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/36034 "Patience and Endurance; Underwater archaeology." The Economist, 12 Mar. 2022, p. 69(US). Gale OneFile: Business, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A696334375/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=e2fe8a81. Accessed 14 Mar. 2022. Falkland Maritime Heritage Trust. “Endurance 22.” https://endurance22.org/ Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Ernest Shackleton". Encyclopedia Britannica, 11 Feb. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ernest-Henry-Shackleton. Accessed 15 March 2022. Tyler, Kelly. “Shackleton's Lost Men.” Shackleton: Voyage of Endurance. Nova. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/shackleton/1914/lostmen.html Roisman-Cooper, Barbara. “Part I: Polar dreams, polar disappointments.” British Heritage. Jun/Jul99, Vol. 20 Issue 4, p32. Roisman-Cooper, Barbara. “Part 2: Polar dreams, polar disappointments.” British Heritage. Oct/Nov99, Vol. 20 Issue 6, p52. Schultheiss, Katrin. “The Ends of the Earth and the “Heroic Age” of Polar Exploration: A Review Essay.” Historically Speaking, Volume 10, Number 2, April 2009, pp. 14-17. https://doi.org/10.1353/hsp.0.0026 Alexander, Caroline. “The Endurance: Shackleton’s Legendary Antarctic Expedition.” With the American Museum of Natural History. Knopf. 1998. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Shackleton is famous for his expeditions in Antarctica, but he started his career as a Merchant Marine. Part one of this story covers his early life, early expeditions, and the treacherous start of his most famous expedition, just after WWI began. Research: LeBrun, Nancy. “Survival! The Shackleton Story.” National Geogrpahic. Via YouTube. 1991. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sgh_77TtX5I "Ernest Shackleton, Sir." Explorers & Discoverers of the World, Gale, 1993. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1614000271/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=b93f5648. Accessed 14 Mar. 2022. Savours, Ann. “Shackleton, Sir Ernest Henry.” Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.  9/23/2004. https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/36034 "Patience and Endurance; Underwater archaeology." The Economist, 12 Mar. 2022, p. 69(US). Gale OneFile: Business, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A696334375/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=e2fe8a81. Accessed 14 Mar. 2022. Falkland Maritime Heritage Trust. “Endurance 22.” https://endurance22.org/ Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Ernest Shackleton". Encyclopedia Britannica, 11 Feb. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ernest-Henry-Shackleton. Accessed 15 March 2022. Tyler, Kelly. “Shackleton's Lost Men.” Shackleton: Voyage of Endurance. Nova. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/shackleton/1914/lostmen.html Roisman-Cooper, Barbara. “Part I: Polar dreams, polar disappointments.” British Heritage. Jun/Jul99, Vol. 20 Issue 4, p32. Roisman-Cooper, Barbara. “Part 2: Polar dreams, polar disappointments.” British Heritage. Oct/Nov99, Vol. 20 Issue 6, p52. Schultheiss, Katrin. “The Ends of the Earth and the “Heroic Age” of Polar Exploration: A Review Essay.” Historically Speaking, Volume 10, Number 2, April 2009, pp. 14-17. https://doi.org/10.1353/hsp.0.0026 Alexander, Caroline. “The Endurance: Shackleton’s Legendary Antarctic Expedition.” With the American Museum of Natural History. Knopf. 1998. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This 2017 episode covers a naturalist illustrator who helped dispel many entomological myths and improved the scientific study of insects and plants. And she did it beautifully.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.