The Ancients

In this enlightening discussion, Dr. Sophus Helle, a leading expert on ancient Mesopotamian literature and translator of pivotal texts, shares insights on the Enuma Elish, Babylon's own Epic of Creation. He reveals how this ancient narrative glorifies Marduk, Babylon’s supreme god, and highlights its profound influence on biblical texts like Genesis. The conversation also dives into the cosmic battle between Marduk and Tiamat, and how Marduk transforms chaos into order, reshaping the universe. Discover the cultural significance of these myths in shaping beliefs and identity.

Ian Wood, Professor Emeritus of Early Medieval History, dives into the fascinating rise of the Franks during the fragmented Western Roman Empire. He reveals thrilling tales of Clovis's campaigns, shedding light on his complex legacy and the church's role in shaping early medieval Europe. Discover how the Franks battled powerful foes like Romans and Visigoths, and the evolution of military structures during this tumultuous period. The discussion paints a vivid picture of how a group of warriors transformed into a dominant kingdom in Western Europe.

Duncan Mackay, author of *Echoland* and an expert on early Roman rule in Britain, dives into the dramatic Roman invasion of 43 AD. He discusses the strategic motivations behind Emperor Claudius's ambitious campaign, revealing the complexities of the British tribes they encountered. Mackay explains the logistical challenges faced by Roman soldiers during their perilous crossing and highlights the tactical advantages that led to their initial victories. The significance of Claudius arriving on elephants adds a theatrical flair to a transformative moment in history.

Dr. Paul Collins, an Assyriologist and assistant keeper of later Mesopotamia at the British Museum, dives into the fascinating life of Sargon of Akkad, who founded one of history's first empires over 4,000 years ago. Together, they unravel Sargon's transformation from a common man to a legendary ruler through epic conquests and strategic unification of city-states. The pair also discuss the enduring mysteries of Sargon's lost capital, Agade, and the pivotal role of trade, divine authority, and his daughter, Enheduanna, in shaping Mesopotamian culture.

Dr. David Gwynn, a Reader in ancient and late antique history, joins Tristan Hughes to dissect the Crisis of the Third Century in the Roman Empire. They explore the eerie frequency of emperor murders, highlighting figures like Maximinus Thrax. The conversation dives into civil wars, economic collapse, and the external threats from the Sassanians and Goths. A pivotal moment discussed is Emperor Valerian's capture, illustrating the era's chaos. Christianity's rise amidst plagues and hardships reveals a significant shift in societal values during this tumultuous time.

Join Prof. Edith Hall, a Durham University expert on Atlantis and ancient Greek culture, as she unravels the intriguing story behind this legendary lost city. Hall discusses the origins of the Atlantis myth in Plato's dialogues, revealing its reflection on Athenian society, naval power, and moral lessons. The conversation delves into the governance and decline of Atlantis, linking it to ancient civilizations and the critique of imperialism. Discover how a fictional narrative transformed into a quest for historical truth over time.

Dr. Miles Russell, an archaeologist at Bournemouth University, joins Tristan Hughes to dissect the enigma of King Arthur. They unveil the historical inspirations behind Arthur, including figures like Ambrosius Aurelianus and Magnus Maximus. The duo explores how oral traditions influenced the shaping of Arthur’s myth, contrasting early warrior depictions with later romanticized narratives. Delving into the complexities of British heritage, they reveal the intricate connections between history and legend that define the Arthurian saga.

In this discussion, Professor David Potter, an expert in Roman history from the University of Michigan, dives into the tumultuous life of Emperor Constantine I. They unveil the gripping stories behind Constantine's rise, including his brutal decisions regarding family and the pivotal Battle of the Milvian Bridge. Potter also examines Constantine's unique blend of paganism and Christianity, illustrating how he navigated these beliefs to unify the empire. The conversation promises insights into the complexities of leadership and the legacy Constantine forged in history.

Jodi Magnus, a renowned professor specializing in ancient history, joins Tristan Hughes to discuss the intriguing life of King Herod. They delve into the dark tales of his reign, including the infamous Massacre of the Innocents and its contrasts with historical evidence. The discovery of Herod's tomb reveals architectural brilliance tied to both Greek and Judaic influences. They also explore Herod's complex legacy, examining how his mausoleum reflects his aspirations for legitimacy, alongside the gruesome details of his demise and future archaeological hopes.

Join Tristan Hughes and Professor Ronald Hutton, a respected expert on ancient history and Druidic studies, as they unravel the mysterious world of Druids in Britain and France. They discuss Caesar's encounters with these formidable foes and Cicero's intriguing meetings with a Druid leader. The conversation delves into the complexities of Druidic rituals, including the controversial debate on human sacrifice, and tackles the Druids' role in resisting Roman forces. Explore how perceptions of these enigmatic figures have evolved through the ages.