The WTF Bach Podcast

Last week I posted this piece on YouTube:The most intriguing part of studying this piece was the overwhelming amount of differences between the three earliest sources of this work. Here is a list of the sources I reference in the episode , the copyists, and when they were made:The ‘Andreas Bach Book’ (D-LE III.8.4) J. Christoph Bach; copyist, between 1705-1714P 801 J. Tobias Krebs; copyist, between 1710-1717P 804 J. Peter Kellner; copyist, before 1725In the episode I simply refer to these as Andreas Bach, Krebs, and Kellner.You will hear a great amount of textual variation between these sources. Part of any performer’s job of playing music from Bach’s era includes combing through sources, determining how and why certain discrepancies appear. In the Aria Variata, however, the discrepancies are inconsistent— and perplexing. My current understanding of source tradition hasn’t led me to any conclusion, but were I bold enough to take a stab, I’d guess Andreas Bach is the most accurate source, Kellner made a very sloppy copy from which Krebs copied. Kellner’s copy is full of corrections, but these were probably entered at a later date, and Krebs didn’t get the memo. A taste of what this looks like:That is Kellner’s copy. Notice the ornaments. Compare to Krebs:Both have an E-flat in on the downbeat of the third bar (all three sources in this episode use soprano clef on top). Now here is Andreas Bach:D-sharp in bar three! Also, the ornamentation is fuller. There are many other details in the episode, so please, enjoy! Here are more images to stimulate your fancy:Krebs’ wavy hand. Kellner making mistakes, corrected by— whom? Kellner himself?The baffling passage in variation 4 in Andreas Bach. Notice what look like erasures on some of the notes.How To Support This Podcast:Become a paid subscriber! at wtfbach.substack.com or donate using any of these links:https://www.paypal.me/wtfbachhttps://venmo.com/wtfbachConcepts Covered:In this episode, we explore the Bach Aria Variata sources and delve into the fascinating world of Bach manuscript discrepancies, specifically examining the Andreas Bach Book, J. Christoph Bach manuscript, and the works of J. Tobias Krebs and J. Peter Kellner. We discuss how Bach’s early keyboard works are presented in various historical music sources, uncovering differences in notation, ornamentation, and textual variants that shape Bach’s source tradition. Through a comparison of the Kellner manuscript errors and the contributions of Krebs vs. Kellner Bach, we gain insights into Bach’s performer scholarship and the challenges of interpreting Baroque music textual variants. Additionally, we explore the authenticity of Bach’s handwritten manuscripts and how these sources influence the understanding of his music today. Get full access to WTF Bach at wtfbach.substack.com/subscribe

Yes, that recording at the end is none other than Jascha Heifetz with Primrose and Piatigorksy, who apparently recorded three of the sinfonias. The wonderful pianist with that golden sound playing before the string trio arrangement is (I think!) Marcelle Meyer recorded sometime around 1948. WTF Bach needs your support! Consider becoming a subscriber.Today’s episode focuses on the ‘black pearl’ of the inventions and sinfonias. The f minor sinfonia is highly complex piece of passion music embedded within a seemingly innocent collection of music intended for the beginner. Here, rather than the more typical obligato upper voices with the bass occasionally joining in with a theme here and there, the f minor sinfonia relies on convertible counterpoint where all three voices are judged— and juggled— equally. Bach shows us this technique using different themes:A lament bass: Musical crosses:And a wildly avant-garde motif, which I refer to as the wailing motif:Writing certainly exists on these three motifs seen as “God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit.” Not for any particular reason, I refrain from making such an analogy in this episode.As mentioned in the episode, Bach changed some of the enharmonics when transfering the piece from the Notebook for W.F. Bach into the Aufrichtige Anleitung. Here are some examples:The E-double-flat (middle voice) in the notebook for his son: is later changed to a D natural:The B-double-flat in the top voice in the previous examples remain, but Bach will change the spelling in the bass voice of the same note (again, in the notebook:)to an A natural:There are a few other similar changes throughout.Thanks for listening! Have you told your high-school band teacher you’re super into Bach?N.B. My substack is about 1 year old, and in that time I released some 27 episodes and three essays. Should you decide to become a paid subscriber, that’s less than 3 dollars an episode (paying per year: about $3.70 paying per month.) Your contribution ensures the existence of this podcast. I really couldn’t— and wouldn’t be able to— continue devoting the time without your support. Thank you.How To Support This Podcast:https://www.paypal.me/wtfbachhttps://venmo.com/wtfbachhttps://cash.app/$wtfbachor become a paid subscriber at wtfbach.substack.comConcepts Covered:The F minor Sinfonia, BWV 795, stands out among Bach’s inventions and sinfonias, showcasing his counterpoint techniques and expressive depth. Elements like the lament bass, musical crosses, and the haunting wailing motif, this work reveals Bach’s ability to embed passion music into seemingly simple pieces. Through an analysis of enharmonic changes and Bach in revision, we gain insight into his intricate writing, preserved in the W.F. Bach notebook. Legendary musicians such as Jascha Heifetz and Marcelle Meyer have interpreted these works. Join the Bach fan community to continue to explore his legacy through Bach music scholarship, uncovering new dimensions of his sacred motifs and theoretical innovations. Get full access to WTF Bach at wtfbach.substack.com/subscribe

Becoming familiar with Bach’s music is a never-ending process. First, there is the initial reading, which alone can occupy many happy years. What’s remarkable is that with each further reading, you’re astonished by the details you missed before—quite honestly amazed. You ask yourself: Where—or even who—was I during those earlier readings? You begin to measure your growth as a musician against the depth with which you can now understand the pieces.One fugue, which I initially read with little interest, is the one featured in this episode: BWV 537. Suddenly, I’m struck by its raw power and its structural reliance on a chromatic line. Now that it has revealed itself to me, it will forever remain a favorite. I hope to share with you a glimpse of this experience in today’s episode.How To Support This Podcast:https://www.paypal.me/wtfbachhttps://venmo.com/wtfbachhttps://cash.app/$wtfbachor become a paid subscriber at wtfbach.substack.comConcepts Covered:The Fantasy & Fugue in C minor, BWV 537, exemplifies Bach’s musical complexity, combining a dramatic chromatic line with masterful fugue techniques. This episode explores the structural analysis of the piece, highlighting Bach’s intricate approach to fugue composition and his use of chromaticism to heighten musical tension. Through Bach music analysis, we gain deeper insight into his musical influence and the enduring power of his Baroque fugues. Understanding the Fugue in C minor reveals the depth of Bach’s structural ingenuity, offering a fascinating study in fugue performance techniques and the brilliance of Bach’s music. Get full access to WTF Bach at wtfbach.substack.com/subscribe

In this episode, we’ll explore Bach’s constant involvement with weddings. Weddings and funerals occupied a weekly place in Bach’s life in Leipzig and we’ll shed light on the various ways in which he was involved musically. [I forgot to credit the last recording in this episode to Rudolph Lutz and the J.S. Bach foundation.]Here are (some of) the beautiful parts which make up the chorales, BWVs 250-252. They are beautiful examples of Bach’s handwriting ca. 1730. Note that all three chorales are on the same page.Soprano:Alto:Tenor:Bass:And the second horn part I fondly discuss in this episode:All the parts are viewable at: https://www.bach-digital.de/receive/BachDigitalSource_source_00002475How To Support This Podcast:https://www.paypal.me/wtfbachhttps://venmo.com/wtfbachhttps://cash.app/$wtfbachor become a paid subscriber at wtfbach.substack.com Get full access to WTF Bach at wtfbach.substack.com/subscribe

A brief(er) episode for you today: Bach’s first published opus was his six partitas for keyboard. In some of the sources within Bach’s circle, copies retained as a ‘Handexemplar’ include revisions by a scribe we can almost say with certainty is Bach himself. The most consequential of these revisions appears at the end of the third partita, where the second half of the Gigue is re-written with what one might call ‘updated’ or ‘refined’ counterpoint. Here we see the main source (G 25) in question:Hard to see here, but if we zoom in, we see that this:Is a correction of the original printings, which read:This link here should allow you to download the original print of all six partitas. N.B. As that link is the download of the original print, it will not contain any of the corrections mentioned in this episode. For a full list of the scholarship on these changes, see: Wolff, C. (1999). Text-critical comments on the original print of the Partitas. In Bach: Essays on his life and music (pp. 214-222). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.How To Support This Podcast:https://www.paypal.me/wtfbachhttps://venmo.com/wtfbachhttps://cash.app/$wtfbachor become a paid subscriber at wtfbach.substack.comConcepts Covered:The 3rd Keyboard Partita, BWV 827, stands as a defining work in Bach’s Partitas for keyboard, marking his first published opus and showcasing his mastery of counterpoint. This episode examines the Handexemplar revisions, where Bach’s scribe corrections reveal musical updates that refined the Partita Gigue’s counterpoint. These manuscript corrections provide insight into Bach’s compositional process, highlighting his meticulous approach to keyboard music. As we explore Bach’s revised versions, we engage with the broader landscape of Baroque keyboard music, tracing his influence on counterpoint and the evolution of Bach music performance. Through this Bach partitas analysis, we uncover how his musical revisions continue to shape our understanding of his genius. Get full access to WTF Bach at wtfbach.substack.com/subscribe

The final performer’s commentary episode for you. This is live commentating (the program notes of the future) on the last of my three simultaneous releases. This album is a bunch of preludes and fugues— some maybe you know, some maybe you don’t.You can stream and individually purchase any track including the performer’s commentary from the third volume below. [More streaming links (including youtube playlists) at the bottom:]How To Support This Podcast:https://www.paypal.me/wtfbachhttps://venmo.com/wtfbachhttps://cash.app/$wtfbachor become a paid subscriber at wtfbach.substack.comThe first three albums of the 'Complete Works for Solo Keyboard' are live everywhere. Stream while sleeping to achieve maximum effect.Volume One:Youtube playlist!Spotify: https://tinyurl.com/ycy2fab7Apple Music: https://tinyurl.com/nhfuws4tAmazon Music: https://tinyurl.com/mrxj7pwsVolume Two:Youtube playlist!Spotify: https://tinyurl.com/msjyhamhApple Music: https://tinyurl.com/mtykbxnzAmazon Music: https://tinyurl.com/3m7b9v6wVolume Three:Youtube playlist!Spotify: https://tinyurl.com/4xneak6rApple Music: https://tinyurl.com/mr44kwmfAmazon Music: https://tinyurl.com/3e4kwnsb Get full access to WTF Bach at wtfbach.substack.com/subscribe

Johann Adolph Scheibe went down in history for attacking Bach’s “turgid and confused” style. “…from the natural to the artificial, and from the lofty to the obscure ... one wonders at the painful labor of it all, that nevertheless comes to nothing, since it is at variance with reason.”Let’s examine the controversy from the beginning. How To Support This Podcast:https://www.paypal.me/wtfbachhttps://venmo.com/wtfbachhttps://cash.app/$wtfbachor become a paid subscriber at wtfbach.substack.comThe first three albums of the 'Complete Works for Solo Keyboard' are live everywhere. Stream while sleeping to achieve maximum effect.Volume One:Spotify: https://tinyurl.com/ycy2fab7Apple Music: https://tinyurl.com/nhfuws4tAmazon Music: https://tinyurl.com/mrxj7pwsVolume Two:Spotify: https://tinyurl.com/msjyhamhApple Music: https://tinyurl.com/mtykbxnzAmazon Music: https://tinyurl.com/3m7b9v6wVolume Three:Spotify: https://tinyurl.com/4xneak6rApple Music: https://tinyurl.com/mr44kwmfAmazon Music: https://tinyurl.com/3e4kwnsb Get full access to WTF Bach at wtfbach.substack.com/subscribe

On March 1, 1749, Bach penned the following into a Stammbuch:Today’s episode covers this canon in depth. What does it mean? How does it sound?Here is a link to the article by scholar, Anatoly Milka.The book, Bach and the meaning of Counterpoint, by David Yearsley is available here.How To Support This Podcast:https://www.paypal.me/wtfbachhttps://venmo.com/wtfbachhttps://cash.app/$wtfbachor become a paid subscriber at wtfbach.substack.comThe first three albums of the 'Complete Works for Solo Keyboard' are live everywhere. Stream while sleeping to make me a millionaire.Volume One:Spotify: https://tinyurl.com/ycy2fab7Apple Music: https://tinyurl.com/nhfuws4tAmazon Music: https://tinyurl.com/mrxj7pwsVolume Two:Spotify: https://tinyurl.com/msjyhamhApple Music: https://tinyurl.com/mtykbxnzAmazon Music: https://tinyurl.com/3m7b9v6wVolume Three:Spotify: https://tinyurl.com/4xneak6rApple Music: https://tinyurl.com/mr44kwmfAmazon Music: https://tinyurl.com/3e4kwnsbConcepts Covered:The Mi Fa et Fa Mi canon, BWV 1078, is one of Bach’s puzzle canons, demonstrating his unparalleled command of counterpoint theory and inventive compositional techniques. Written as a 7-voice canon, this work, inscribed in a Stammbuch on March 1, 1749, reflects his late-period fascination with musical puzzles and structured complexity. Scholars such as Anatoly Milka and David Yearsley have explored its deeper significance, shedding light on Bach’s innovative canons and their place in Bach music scholarship. As we analyze Bach’s use of counterpoint, we uncover the intricate interplay of voices that define his style. This episode delves into Bach music history, his compositional techniques, and the broader implications of Bach’s musical meaning in this enigmatic work. Get full access to WTF Bach at wtfbach.substack.com/subscribe

Another performer’s commentary episode for you. If you’ve missed out on the second of my three simultaneous releases, you’ll have a chance to listen to it here, with my live commentary. You can stream and individually purchase any track including the performer’s commentary from the second volume here. —More streaming links (including youtube playlists) at the bottom:How To Support This Podcast:https://www.paypal.me/wtfbachhttps://venmo.com/wtfbachhttps://cash.app/$wtfbachor become a paid subscriber at wtfbach.substack.comThe first three albums of the 'Complete Works for Solo Keyboard' are live everywhere. Stream while sleeping to achieve maximum effect.Volume One:Youtube playlist!Spotify: https://tinyurl.com/ycy2fab7Apple Music: https://tinyurl.com/nhfuws4tAmazon Music: https://tinyurl.com/mrxj7pwsVolume Two:Youtube playlist!Spotify: https://tinyurl.com/msjyhamhApple Music: https://tinyurl.com/mtykbxnzAmazon Music: https://tinyurl.com/3m7b9v6wVolume Three:Youtube playlist!Spotify: https://tinyurl.com/4xneak6rApple Music: https://tinyurl.com/mr44kwmfAmazon Music: https://tinyurl.com/3e4kwnsb Get full access to WTF Bach at wtfbach.substack.com/subscribe

Thanks for your feedback on the last few episodes. I’ve gathered my listeners enjoy piecing together musical cells in their minds, so today’s episode will bring you more of that.The eight surviving canons, BWVs 1072-1078 (+BWV deest) were written on small pieces of paper or penned into registry books. Their compact content, usually only a few notes, is then ‘solved:’ copied and transformed to make a perpetual piece of music in several voices.You will hear the solutions in the episode. Here is how they appear on the page:This is the first canon discussed. From these two measures of music, eight voices are formed.This is the second canon discussed: a four-voice canon with each voice entering a successive fifth higher than the last. It’s the four clefs at the beginning of the line that clue you in on this. The %-like symbol shows you where the next voice enters.This is BWV 1074, the mysterious ‘Houdemann’ canon. Note the four clefs on the left of the staff, but also the four clefs to the right. They are inverted with a different key signature. Bach here was exploring the a truly symmetrical— not merely diatonic— inversion.The final canon of the episode. The charming two-voice canon for one of his Godchildren. This canon is simple to solve and the easiest to comprehend.Yes, the famous F-A-B-E-R, “mi fa, et fa mi est tota musica” canon will be in one of the next episodes— rest assured!How To Support This Podcast:https://www.paypal.me/wtfbachhttps://venmo.com/wtfbachhttps://cash.app/$wtfbachor become a paid subscriber at wtfbach.substack.comThe first three albums of the 'Complete Works for Solo Keyboard' are live everywhere. Stream while sleeping to achieve maximum effect.Volume One:Spotify: https://tinyurl.com/ycy2fab7Apple Music: https://tinyurl.com/nhfuws4tAmazon Music: https://tinyurl.com/mrxj7pwsVolume Two:Spotify: https://tinyurl.com/msjyhamhApple Music: https://tinyurl.com/mtykbxnzAmazon Music: https://tinyurl.com/3m7b9v6wVolume Three:Spotify: https://tinyurl.com/4xneak6rApple Music: https://tinyurl.com/mr44kwmfAmazon Music: https://tinyurl.com/3e4kwnsb Get full access to WTF Bach at wtfbach.substack.com/subscribe