Thinking On Paper

If quantum computers already exist, why can’t they do anything useful? The issue isn’t quantum mechanics, it’s control. Every qubit must be tuned, stabilized, and kept coherent, and that process collapses long before scale.Brandon Severin, founder of Conductor Quantum, joins Jeremy and Mark to Think On Paper about spin qubits, AI calibration, Google’s latest quantum chip, and how his company is using semiconductor-based qubits to build quantum computers at scale.From his PhD at Oxford (where he crossed paths with Oxford Ionics founder Dr. Chris Ballance) to launching a startup in Silicon Valley, Brandon shares how physics, engineering, and software are finally converging in quantum computing.In this episode: ⚛️ How Google’s new quantum algorithm moves us closer to simulating atoms and molecules. ⚛️ The difference between trapped ions and spin qubits — and why spin qubits could scale faster. ⚛️ Inside Conductor Quantum’s work on calibration, fidelity, and error correction. ⚛️ How AI is redefining quantum control and stability. ⚛️ The rise of the quantum founder: from lone academics to builders focused on scale. ⚛️ Why progress in quantum depends on manufacturing, algorithms, and collaboration — not just brainpower. ⚛️ Why millions of qubits, not a “magic” single qubit, are needed for real computation.Most quantum content sits in a kind of superposition: too technical to follow or too simple to teach you anything new. Thinking On Paper cuts through that noise.If this conversation made you think differently about quantum computing, follow the show and share it with someone curious.Keep thinking on paper.Cheers, Mark & Jeremy--Other ways to connect with us:⁠Listen to every podcast⁠Follow us on ⁠Instagram⁠Follow us on ⁠X⁠Follow Mark on ⁠LinkedIn⁠Follow Jeremy on ⁠LinkedIn⁠Read our ⁠Substack⁠Email: hello@thinkingonpaper.xyz--Timestamps(00:00) Trailer(01:13) The Google Announcement Explained Simply(03:47) Trapped Ions vs. Spin Qubits(06:14) How AI Controls Quantum Computers(11:06) Inside the Quantum Circus: Managing Errors, Fidelity, and Coherence(32:59) Building Quantum Computers: Why Scale Depends on Automation(33:41) The Culture of Quantum Startups vs. the AI Boom(36:52) Human Nature, Technology, and the Race for Control(39:43) The Future of Quantum Computing: From Physics to Scalable Systems

Helium-3 is essential for fusion energy, quantum computing, and tracking nuclear weapons. The U.S. has just 29 kilograms, and there may be as little as 100 kilograms on Earth. But aerospace engineer Glen Martin cites NASA data suggesting roughly 1.1 million tons may be trapped on the Moon.In this episode, Mark and Jeremy Think On Paper with Glen, CEO of the Extraterrestrial Mining Company, about the emerging science and politics of lunar mining and the race now unfolding above us.Glen explains how solar winds have been seeding the Moon with Helium-3 for billions of years, why AI data centers and quantum computers are already driving global demand, and how private companies are moving into territory once reserved for governments.What begins as a conversation about mining technology becomes a deeper look at scarcity, competition, and the moral questions that come with abundance.Will space resources help us build a post-scarcity society, or just extend the same rivalries into orbit?📺 Watch on YouTube--Connect with GlenThe Extraterrestrial Mining Company--Timestamps(00:00) Trailer(02:45) What is Helium-3, and why are we mining the Moon?(05:29) Why there’s almost no Helium-3 on Earth, and a million tons on the Moon(09:01) How Helium-3 could be harvested from lunar dust(10:33) Fusion without fallout: the clean-energy promise of Helium-3(13:01) Space-based solar power and fusion: two paths to future energy.(17:56) How private companies plan to finance Moon mining(21:52) The new space race: U.S., China, and the competition for lunar fuel(25:03) Can treaties prevent conflict over Moon resources?(27:37) AI, autonomy, and the machines that will mine the Moon(29:31) NASA’s commercial lunar payloads and the rise of space infrastructure(31:08) What lunar regolith tells us about Helium-3 reserves(33:35) The trillion-dollar question: who profits from space resources?(36:17) Curiosity, wonder, and the future of human exploration(40:01) Technology, morality, and the choice to be good--Other ways to connect with us:⁠Listen to every podcast⁠Follow us on ⁠Instagram⁠Follow us on ⁠X⁠Follow Mark on ⁠LinkedIn⁠Follow Jeremy on ⁠LinkedIn⁠Read our ⁠Substack⁠Email: hello@thinkingonpaper.xyz--

In this enlightening discussion, Carissa Véliz, an Oxford AI ethics professor and author of "Privacy Is Power," explores the critical intersection of privacy and democracy. She argues that as we trade privacy for convenience, we risk eroding democratic institutions. Carissa highlights the troubling collaboration between Big Tech and government surveillance and stresses the importance of reclaiming autonomy through civic engagement. Plus, she offers practical tools for protecting privacy in an increasingly digital world.

In early 2025, Kevin Kelly, one of the great technological philosophers of our time, joined Mark & Jeremy to Think on Paper. Before he left, he asked a question. A question about the future and technology: What should humans be? At the end of every show, we ask every guest this question. And the answers always resonate on an emotional, human level. They land on something universal. The same words, the same ideas, the same wants for humanity come up again and again. Creativity, curiosity, kindness, empathy, discovery, adventure, ambition. This is the first part of our series compiling the answers. A reminder, in the dark days that technology is built by us, for us, and most people are nice, kind and want the best for us all. As you'll see. Yes, it maybe a simple message at times, but we're OK with that. Because on simple ideas are civilizations born.Please enjoy this special compilation of thoughts and ideas. And tell someone to come Think on Paper with us.We'd appreciate that.Be curious, stay disruptive, keep thinking on paper.Cheers, Mark and Jeremy.--Timestamps(00:00) The Story(00:58) Kindness (& Books)(01:55) Meaning(02:32) Connection(03:03) Discovery(03:36) Curiosity(04:30) Consciousness(05:00) Ambition(05:31) Creativity(06:07) Wisdom--Videos appear thanks to:“Documentary — The Fourth Industrial Revolution” by World Economic Forum, licensed under CC BY 3.0: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Documentary_-_The_Fourth_Industrial_Revolution.webm" "Wikimedia Commons "“Out of This World — Prelinger Archives / Public Domain (via Internet Archive)”--Guests in this videoMark Boggett: https://youtu.be/PExunxFL71E?si=XrpkRRmFCjR1VxC7Rajeev Kapur: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yWEuQmPcqJ8&t=193sRob Locascio: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TaM8lITXx6Y&t=428sAndrew Hill: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hk4BXeXS9wE&t=50sWill Alpine: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Obs2vxp-SP0&t=44sKatia Moskovitch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oPwM0dCEYkI&t=185sRobby Yung: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aHiSkSEQy-c&t=2010sKhang Nguyen-Trieu: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UbnVirwbGBc&t=85sMartin Soltau: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zl-z1d6d_as&t=572s--Other ways to connect with us:⁠Listen to every podcast⁠Follow us on ⁠Instagram⁠Follow us on ⁠X⁠Follow Mark on ⁠LinkedIn⁠Follow Jeremy on ⁠LinkedIn⁠Read our ⁠Substack⁠Email: hello@thinkingonpaper.xyz

The space economy is set to reach $1.8 trillion by 2035. Everyone talks about rockets. Almost no one talks about the infrastructure that connects orbit to Earth. This is where billions of dollars of that space investment are being increasingly allocated. Mark Boggett runs Seraphim Investments, a London-based fund that backs the companies building the foundations of the space economy. In this conversation, he explains why the future of space isn’t about launch or tourism, but data, defense, and the networks that will define a trillion-dollar market.We look at how falling launch costs from SpaceX, Rocket Lab, and Firefly have moved the bottleneck from rockets to downlink infrastructure - the networks that move satellite data back to Earth. Boggett outlines the under-invested opportunities in ground terminals, communications, and cybersecurity that will define the next decade of the space economy.He also talks about the rise of direct-to-device connectivity through companies like AST SpaceMobile and Globalstar, the coming laser mesh networks led by Amazon’s Kuiper constellation, and the new markets emerging in orbital services: debris removal, refueling, and regulation-driven sustainability through firms like Astroscale and LeoLabs.This is the quieter side of the space race, the infrastructure and data layer where long-term investors are quietly shaping a trillion-dollar future.Enjoy the show. And please subscribe so we can continue building the channel, and thinking on Paper. --TIMESTAMPS(00:00) Trailer(01:56) Disruptors & Curious Minds(03:08) Mark Boggett (03:27) The Reality Of A 10-Year Investment Period(04:07) Predictions On The Space Economy(04:39) Space Race 2.0: The USA V China (05:54) Direct to Device Space Communications(08:05) Public Markets Love Space Tech Investments(09:35) Space Exits & IPOS(10:36) Trump & Musk To Dominate Space Agenda(11:17) The Space Ecosystem 2025(12:10) Satellite Companies: Hardware & Software(12:36) Launch Companies: SpaceX, Firefly & Rocket Labs(13:50) Satellite Constellations(14:24) HAPS (High Altitude Platforms)(15:22) Data Collection, Ground Terminals & Cyber Security(16:46) Downlink: The Growth Area Of Space Investments(18:50) Satellite Data Companies(21:08) Space Verticals: Climate Success Stories(22:20) How Satellites Verify Carbon Credits(24:37) Space Debris & New Regulations To Clean Up Orbit(26:38) Getting Old, Rickety Satellites Out Of Orbit(30:26) Giving Regulators Teeth(31:15) Geopolitics And Defense Based Space Investment(36:33) Terraforming Mars(36:48) Best Sci-Fi Movie(36:56) Do Kids Look Up? The Accessibility Of Space(37:20) The Best Reason To Go To The Moon(39:51) What Should Humans Be? ----Other ways to connect with us:⁠Listen to every podcast⁠Follow us on ⁠Instagram⁠Follow us on ⁠X⁠Follow Mark on ⁠LinkedIn⁠Follow Jeremy on ⁠LinkedIn⁠Read our ⁠Substack⁠Email: hello@thinkingonpaper.xyz

How is generative AI reshaping classrooms? According to the Alan Turing Institute’s national report, one in four UK children aged 8 to 12 now use tools like ChatGPT or Snapchat AI at school, while 85 percent of teachers rely on AI for lesson planning or marking.This episode of Thinking on Paper Mark and Jeremy break down the Alan Turing Institute’s two-part study on AI in schools, combining survey data and workshops with children. The findings reveal how kids are already using generative AI, what they think about bias and privacy, and how education systems are struggling to keep pace.Key topics:- Children using ChatGPT and generative AI in schools- The growing divide between private and state schools in AI access- Teachers’ mixed feelings about AI productivity vs. critical thinking- Why “child-centered AI” could reshape the classroom- What parents and policymakers can learn from the Alan Turing Institute reportWatch if you’re interested in: AI in education, child development, or how technology is shaping the next generation of learners.Subscribe for more episodes exploring the intersection of technology, ethics, and human development.And keep Thinking On Paper. TIMESTAMPS(00:00) Disruptors And Curious Minds(02:40) The Alan Turing Research On The Impact Of AI On Children(03:49) The Most Popular AI Platform For Kids(04:41) How Are Kids Using AI?(04:55) Key Statistics From The Research On AI Use In School(05:33) The Divide: Private vs. Public School AI Usage(08:08) Are Kids Using AI To Cheat In School?(09:55) The RITECH Framework: Evaluating AI for Kids(11:18) Quotes From Kids On AI(16:13) Child Versions Of ChatGPT(18:12) Recommendations From The Alan Turing Institute--Other ways to connect with us:⁠Listen to every podcast⁠Follow us on ⁠Instagram⁠Follow us on ⁠X⁠Follow Mark on ⁠LinkedIn⁠Follow Jeremy on ⁠LinkedIn⁠Read our ⁠Substack⁠Email: hello@thinkingonpaper.xyz

IBM's Lory Thorpe warns that quantum computers could soon crack the encryption protecting our banks, health records, and personal data, enabling "harvest now, decrypt later" attacks that threaten global security. Through IBM's collaboration with NIST and major institutions, she's racing to develop quantum-resistant algorithms before current encryption systems become obsolete. Join hosts Mark Fielding and Jeremy Gilbertson to explore how organizations and individuals can prepare for this looming cryptographic crisis, featuring insights from Apple's quantum-safe iMessage initiative.Please enjoy the show. --TIMESTAMPS(00:00) Intro: Disruptors and Curious Minds(02:30) Meet Lory Thorpe of IBM Quantum(03:21) Lory’s Journey: From Telecom to Quantum Security(07:01) Why Healthcare Needs Post-Quantum Protection(09:41) "Harvest Now, Decrypt Later": The Quantum Data Risk(12:00) IBM’s Work with Governments and Regulators(16:30) Cryptography 101: What You Need to Know(18:47) The Cost of Quantum and the Threat to Today’s Encryption(21:20) IBM & NIST: Setting Quantum Standards Together(22:08) Inside the 3 Quantum-Resistant Algorithms(25:17) Apple Adopts Post-Quantum Encryption in iMessage(25:52) Crypto Agility Explained: A Key to Future-Proof Security(29:54) The RSA Encryption Debate: Is the Quantum Threat Overblown?(38:45) Thought Experiment: November 1st, 2031 – The Quantum Deadline(42:51) Where Cryptography Touches Everyday Life(46:57) How AI and Quantum Shape IBM’s Strategy(52:35) Carryover Question for Next Episode--Follow Thinking On Paper:Twitter: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://x.com/thinkonpaperpod⁠⁠⁠⁠Instagram: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠instagram.com/thinkingonpaperpodcast/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠YouTube: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠youtube.com/@thinkingonpaper/videos⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠LinkedIn: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠linkedin.com/company/thinkingonpaper⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠--Past guests on The Thinking On Paper Show include: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Ciaran Murray⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ (web3 for journalists), ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Torrey Smith⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ (Robotics For Medicine), ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Jason Lynch⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ (Quantum Computing), ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Joe Fitzsimons⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ (Quantum Computing), ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Dana Sydorenko⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ (Gaming), ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Don Norman⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ (Humanity Centered Design), ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Mercina Tillerman Perez⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ (Circle & Crypto), ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Tyler Adams⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ (Blockchain), ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Todd Haselhorst ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠(Blockchain for Logistics), ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Vince Yang⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ (ZK Proofs)

Murray Thom, VP of Quantum Technology Evangelism at D-Wave, joins us to break down how D-Wave’s quantum computing technology (as used by NASA, VW, Lockheed Martin) is tackling complex, high-stakes problems across industries. Learn how D-Wave’s unique use of quantum annealing helps solve real-world challenges, from logistics optimization to drug discovery and traffic management.Murray explains how D-Wave’s hybrid quantum-classical systems maximize computational power by leveraging quantum effects alongside classical computing, enabling optimizations that traditional systems simply can’t match. Discover why D-Wave is trusted by organizations, including NASA, to handle high-dimensional, multi-variable data, delivering immediate benefits in efficiency, productivity, and operational insight.From the development of the first quantum computer to real-world applications, Murray explains how businesses are gaining a competitive edge and solving their toughest challenges with quantum technology.Stay tuned for practical insights, key D-Wave milestones, and a look at what’s next in quantum computing.🔔And please subscribe.--TIMESTAMPS(00:00) Introduction to Quantum Innovation(01:22) Meet Murray Thom: Quantum Expert from D-Wave(02:30) How Quantum Incentives Drive Industry Collaboration(05:30) Breaking Down Quantum Complexity for the Real World(07:30) Murray Thom on Joining D-Wave 22 Years Ago(09:02) The Role of Quantum Physics in Real-World Solutions(10:07) Major Milestones in D-Wave’s Quantum Journey(12:36) Understanding Quantum Annealing: A Practical Guide(18:47) Key Benefits of D-Wave’s Quantum Annealing Technology(21:40) D-Wave’s Efficient Power Use: 15kW Explained(23:45) Quantum Computing Through a Pokémon Analogy(25:35) Real-World Impact: Workforce Scheduling with Quantum(31:45) Quantum Systems in Sports Team Optimization(33:02) Tackling Complex Industrial Problems with Quantum(34:48) Portfolio Optimization: Quantum vs. Classical Methods(40:53) What Does a D-Wave Quantum Computer Cost?(42:11) Exploring the D-Wave SDK(44:45) Partnering with D-Wave: What to Expect(45:58) Quantum Collaboration with IBM(49:39) A Question for IBM on Post-Quantum Cryptography--Follow Thinking On Paper:Twitter: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://x.com/thinkonpaperpod⁠⁠Instagram: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠instagram.com/thinkingonpaperpodcast/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠YouTube: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠youtube.com/@thinkingonpaper/videos⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠LinkedIn: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠linkedin.com/company/thinkingonpaper⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠--Past guests on The Thinking On Paper Show include: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Ciaran Murray⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ (web3 for journalists), ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Torrey Smith⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ (Robotics For Medicine), ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Jason Lynch⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ (Quantum Computing), ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Joe Fitzsimons⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ (Quantum Computing), ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Dana Sydorenko⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ (Gaming), ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Don Norman⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ (Humanity Centered Design), ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Mercina Tillerman Perez⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ (Circle & Crypto), ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Tyler Adams⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ (Blockchain), ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Todd Haselhorst ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠(Blockchain for Logistics), ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Vince Yang⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ (ZK Proofs)

Twelve metric tons and a SpaceX rocket. That’s all it would take to begin building industry on the Moon. Factories would rise. Humanoids would adapt. Asteroids would be mined. And within decades, the solar system could host an economy millions of times larger than Earth’s today.The catalyst is a paper by Philip Metzger, Anthony Muscatello, Robert Mueller, and James Mantovani outlining a pathway to scalable off-world industry. Their thesis: with as little as twelve metric tons delivered to the Moon, we could set in motion a self-sustaining system at a fraction of traditional costs.The upside is clear. Manufacturing shifts away from Earth, easing climate pressure. Humanity secures a new home. Our culture extends beyond the planet, with no end in sight.The risks are equally sharp. Corporations could carve space into their next empire. Billions might remain behind, spectators to humanity’s expansion.This is the blueprint for how we leave Earth. And the reason we may not all go together.Stay curious. Stay disruptive. Keep Thinking on Paper.Subscribe if you believe the hardest part of leaving Earth isn’t the technology. It’s us.--TIMESTAMPS(00:00) Trailer(02:05) The Vision for Humanity's Future in Space(03:22) Affordable Rapid Bootstrapping of Space Industry(04:58) The Role of Resources in Space Expansion(05:06) Technological Advancements and Robotics(08:12) Generational Development of Lunar Industry(09:42) The Evolution of AI and Automation in Space(10:47) The Future of Humanity Beyond Earth(14:25) Exploring Space-Based Solar Power(15:23) The Future of Robotics and AI in Space(17:21) Challenges of Teleoperation in Lunar Environments(18:05) The Ambitious Vision for Space Manufacturing(20:25) Terraforming Mars vs. Space-Based Manufacturing(22:32) Human Nature and the Future of Space ExplorationOther ways to connect with us:⁠Listen to every podcast⁠Follow us on ⁠Instagram⁠Follow us on ⁠X⁠Follow Mark on ⁠LinkedIn⁠Follow Jeremy on ⁠LinkedIn⁠Read our ⁠Substack⁠Email: hello@thinkingonpaper.xyz

Rajeev Kapur believes we’re standing at the edge of a new enlightenment. One powered not by steam or electricity, but by the democratization of artificial intelligence.Named by Forbes as one of the leading voices making AI accessible to everyone, Rajeev’s work centers on a simple question: what happens when world-class technology reaches every hand on Earth? From launching the Kapur Parada Center of AI in Arizona to authoring AI Made Simple and Prompting Made Simple, his mission is to turn curiosity into capability.In this conversation, we look at what true AI democratization might mean. From the favelas of Brazil and the villages of Africa to classrooms in the U.S. If you have a smartphone, you already have access to mentorship, education, and entrepreneurial tools that rival Silicon Valley. But access alone isn’t enough.As Rajeev argues, the future belongs to those who can tell stories with AI. People who use these tools not just to search for answers, but to imagine, create, and build.Please enjoy the show. --🕓 TIMESTAMPSTrailer: (00:00)How Do We Democratize AI: (02:30)Case Studies: How AI Is Being Used By Business Today: (05:44)Outsourcing and AI Transform Businesses: (06:31) How To Prompt Better: (08:08)Using ChatGPT For Mental Health: (09:25)AIs Manipulation Of Empathy: (13:44) AI Advice For Parents: (14:49)Deepfakes & Guardrails: (19:45)Entrepreneur Spikes (26:19)What Should Humans Be? (28:28) --Other ways to connect with us:⁠Listen to every podcast⁠Follow us on ⁠Instagram⁠Follow us on ⁠X⁠Follow Mark on ⁠LinkedIn⁠Follow Jeremy on ⁠LinkedIn⁠Read our ⁠Substack⁠Email: hello@thinkingonpaper.xyzWatch on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yWEuQmPcqJ8