Cardionerds: A Cardiology Podcast

In this episode, cardiology fellows Jack Hornick, Phoo Pwint Nandar, and Sideris Facaros from Summa Health dive into a complex case of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy (ARVC). They explore a patient's unexpected palpitations and dizziness, unraveling diagnostics like EKG analysis and the nuances of ventricular tachycardia. Dr. Kenneth Varian adds expert insight on management strategies, including the necessity of multi-disciplinary approaches and the role of genetic testing in ARVC. Join them as they merge intriguing medical discussions with the beauty of nature!

CardioNerds (Amit Goyal & Daniel Ambinder) join Scripps cardiology fellows (Christine Shen and Andrew Cheng) for some Cardiology and California Burritos in San Diego! They discuss an informative case of Wet Beriberi and Stiff Left Atrial Syndrome. Dr. Thomas Heywood provides the E-CPR and program director Dr. Malhar Patel provides a message for applicants. Episode notes were developed by Johns Hopkins internal medicine resident Tommy Das with mentorship from University of Maryland cardiology fellow Karan Desai. Jump to: Patient summary - Case media - Case teaching - References Episode graphic by Dr. Carine Hamo The CardioNerds Cardiology Case Reports series shines light on the hidden curriculum of medical storytelling. We learn together while discussing fascinating cases in this fun, engaging, and educational format. Each episode ends with an “Expert CardioNerd Perspectives & Review” (E-CPR) for a nuanced teaching from a content expert. We truly believe that hearing about a patient is the singular theme that unifies everyone at every level, from the student to the professor emeritus. We are teaming up with the ACC FIT Section to use the #CNCR episodes to showcase CV education across the country in the era of virtual recruitment. As part of the recruitment series, each episode features fellows from a given program discussing and teaching about an interesting case as well as sharing what makes their hearts flutter about their fellowship training. The case discussion is followed by both an E-CPR segment and a message from the program director. CardioNerds Case Reports PageCardioNerds Episode PageCardioNerds AcademySubscribe to our newsletter- The HeartbeatSupport our educational mission by becoming a Patron!Cardiology Programs Twitter Group created by Dr. Nosheen Reza Patient Summary A woman in her mid-60s with history of rheumatic mitral stenosis s/p mechanical mitral valve replacement, HFpEF, and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation s/p ablation presents with subacute worsening dyspnea despite escalating diuretic doses. TTE shows an EF of 62%, normal gradients across the mitral valve without mitral regurgitation, and a dilated IVC. She is admitted with a presumed diagnosis of decompensated heart failure, and started given IV furosemide. Her symptoms slightly improve though do not resolve, and her creatinine increases from 1.4 to 2.1.   In light of the unclear hemodynamic picture, a RHC is done, showing a RA pressure 9, RV pressure of 80/10, PAP 70/25 with mPAP 40, PCWP 30, SVR 872, CO 11 (by thermodilution), and CI 5.2. Notably, large V waves are noted on the RHC. Given concern for mitral regurgitation in the setting of large V waves, a TEE was pursued, which confirmed the lack of MR seen on TTE. Thus, her large V waves were felt to be due to stiff left atrial syndrome, and a cardiac CT showed a severely calcified "coconut left atrium". Labwork revealed a profoundly low thiamine level (21, with LLN of 70), raising concern for wet beri beri syndrome.   The patient's unifying diagnosis was indolent left atrial syndrome that was exacerbated by high outout heart failure due to Wet Beri Beri syndrome. The patient received thiamine supplementation, and was diuresed to euvolemia with dramatic improvement in symptoms. A repeat RHC after thiamine replacement showed a CO of 5.7 and CI of 2.74 by thermodilution, demonstrating resolution of her high output heart failure.   Case Media ABCDEFClick to Enlarge A. CXRB. ECGC. RHC: large V waves are noted on the RHCD. CO 11 and CI 5.2 by thermodilution pre-treatment E. Cardiac CT showed a severely calcified "coconut left atrium"F. Repeat CO of 5.7 and CI of 2.74 by thermodilution after thiamine replacement TTE 1 TTE 2 TEE 1 - Mitral Valve TEE 2 - Mitral Valve Cardiac CT Episode Schematics & Teaching Click to enlarge! The CardioNerds 5! – 5 major takeaways from the #CNCR case

CardioNerds (Amit Goyal & Karan Desai) join University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center cardiology fellows (Tarek Chami, Jamal Hajjari, and Haytham Mously) for some amazing pizza and coffee in Cleveland, Ohio! They discuss an important case of effusive constrictive pericarditis. Dr. Brian Hoit provides the E-CPR and assistant program director Dr. Claire Sullivan provides a message for applicants. We are grateful to chief fellow Scott Janus for his leadership in planning this episode! Episode notes were developed by Johns Hopkins internal medicine resident Colin Blumenthal with mentorship from University of Maryland cardiology fellow Karan Desai. Jump to: Patient summary - Case media - Case teaching - References Episode graphic by Dr. Carine Hamo The CardioNerds Cardiology Case Reports series shines light on the hidden curriculum of medical storytelling. We learn together while discussing fascinating cases in this fun, engaging, and educational format. Each episode ends with an “Expert CardioNerd Perspectives & Review” (E-CPR) for a nuanced teaching from a content expert. We truly believe that hearing about a patient is the singular theme that unifies everyone at every level, from the student to the professor emeritus. We are teaming up with the ACC FIT Section to use the #CNCR episodes to showcase CV education across the country in the era of virtual recruitment. As part of the recruitment series, each episode features fellows from a given program discussing and teaching about an interesting case as well as sharing what makes their hearts flutter about their fellowship training. The case discussion is followed by both an E-CPR segment and a message from the program director. CardioNerds Case Reports PageCardioNerds Episode PageCardioNerds AcademySubscribe to our newsletter- The HeartbeatSupport our educational mission by becoming a Patron!Cardiology Programs Twitter Group created by Dr. Nosheen Reza Patient Summary A woman in her mid-70s presented to clinic with subacute onset shortness of breath. Her past medical history includes metastatic breast cancer s/p mastectomy, chemo/radiation, and hormonal therapy. Exam notable for tachycardia without hypoxia, muffled heart sounds, JVD with Kussmaul's sign, and 1+ LE edema. The patient was sent to the ED for evaluation of possible pericardial effusion. CTA chest in ED did not demonstrate a PE, but did show bilateral pleural effusions, and a moderate pericardial effusion with evidence of metastatic disease extending into the mediastinum. TTE obtained showing normal LVEF, moderate pericardial effusion with thickened pericardium, and significant respirophasic tricuspid and mitral inflow variations. Pulsus paradoxus was manually checked and found to be 16 mmHg.  Due to concern for cardiac tamponade, she was taken to the cath lab for a RHC and pericardiocentesis. RHC prior to pericardiocentesis showed elevated left and ride sided filling pressures, blunted y decent in the RA, and equalization of diastolic pressures. Pericardiocentesis yielded 200 cc of bloody fluid with improvement, but continued elevation, in her L and R sided pressures. Blunted y decent did give way to a now rapid y descent concerning for constrictive pericarditis. She then underwent a cardiac MRI showing respirophasic septal motion suggestive of interventricular dependence and >1 cm thick pericardium with LGE c/w inflammation. Unfortunately, cytology of pericardial fluid was c/w a malignant effusion and despite treatment with a few months of anti-inflammatory therapy her symptoms did not improve. She then underwent a pericardial stripping with subsequent resolution of her symptoms. As her symptoms and hemodynamics were related to both the effusion and constriction, she was ultimately diagnosed with effusive constrictive pericarditis.  Case Media ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOClick to Enlarge A. ECGB. CXRC-F. TTE (inflow velocities (mitral and tricuspid),

Dr. Kim Eagle and Dr. Devraj Sukul discuss a challenging case of Ventricular Septal Rupture after acute MI. Topics include managing complications post-myocardial infarction, the impact of delayed medical care seeking during the pandemic, and the vital role of teamwork in cardiology.

CardioNerds (Amit Goyal & Daniel Ambinder) join University of Connecticut (UCONN) cardiology fellows (Mansour Almnajam, Justice Oranefo, Yasir Adeel, and Srinivas Nadadur) as they enjoy the amazing view from the Heublein tower! They discuss a challenging case of left ventricular free wall rupture & pseudoaneurysm as a complication of a STEMI. Dr. Peter Robinson provides the E-CPR and program director Dr. Joyce Meng provides a message for applicants. Episode notes were developed by Johns Hopkins internal medicine resident Bibin Varghese with mentorship from University of Maryland cardiology fellow Karan Desai.    Jump to: Patient summary - Case media - Case teaching - References Episode graphic by Dr. Carine Hamo The CardioNerds Cardiology Case Reports series shines light on the hidden curriculum of medical storytelling. We learn together while discussing fascinating cases in this fun, engaging, and educational format. Each episode ends with an “Expert CardioNerd Perspectives & Review” (E-CPR) for a nuanced teaching from a content expert. We truly believe that hearing about a patient is the singular theme that unifies everyone at every level, from the student to the professor emeritus. We are teaming up with the ACC FIT Section to use the #CNCR episodes to showcase CV education across the country in the era of virtual recruitment. As part of the recruitment series, each episode features fellows from a given program discussing and teaching about an interesting case as well as sharing what makes their hearts flutter about their fellowship training. The case discussion is followed by both an E-CPR segment and a message from the program director. CardioNerds Case Reports PageCardioNerds Episode PageCardioNerds AcademySubscribe to our newsletter- The HeartbeatSupport our educational mission by becoming a Patron!Cardiology Programs Twitter Group created by Dr. Nosheen Reza Patient Summary A man in his mid 50s with no significant PMH presented with a 10-day history of chest pain that progressed to acute pleuritic pain and shortness of breath in the past 24 hours. On arrival, he was hypothermic, in rapid atrial fibrillation with HR in the 130-150s, and an initial BP was not able to be obtained. He was tachypneic with labored breathing, lethargic, and cyanotic. Exam revealed markedly elevated JVP, cool extremities, and diminished breath sounds with bibasilar rales. Labs demonstrated leukocytosis, significantly elevated liver enzymes, troponin-I at 10.91, elevated NT-proBNP, and lactate at 6. ECG demonstrated tall, broad R-waves in V1-V4 with downsloping STD and upright T-waves concerning for a posterior infarct. He was immediately intubated, cardioverted into NSR, and started on vasopressors. Bedside echocardiogram demonstrated diffuse LV hypokinesis with akinesis of the inferolateral wall, LVEF 25-30%, and pericardial fluid with hyperechoic material adherent to the inferior wall as well as tamponade physiology. Chest CTA was negative for aortic dissection and confirmed hemopericardium. He was taken to the OR where he underwent a subxiphoid pericardial window. They found significant clot burden (both old and new), but no frank rupture. Adherent clot was not removed to prevent further hemodynamic compromise. Intraoperative TEE additionally demonstrated severe eccentric MR with partial posteromedial papillary muscle rupture. An IABP was placed and inotropic and vasoactive support was continued to temporize pending definitive therapy and the patient improved hemodynamically. Repeat TTE prior to surgery demonstrated a large apical and inferolateral pseudoaneurysm. Coronary angiogram revealed proximal occlusion of the LCx and diffuse three vessel coronary disease otherwise. He ultimately underwent CABG, mechanical mitral valve replacement, and pericardial patch repair of the ventricular pseudoaneurysm. Final diagnosis: Free Wall Rupture & Pseudoaneurysm. Thankfully,

CardioNerds (Amit Goyal & Daniel Ambinder) join University of California San Diego (UCSD) cardiology fellows (Harpreet Bhatia, Dan Mangels, and Quan Bui) for a relaxing beach bonfire in the beautiful city of San Diego! They discuss a challenging case of post-transplant cardiac allograft vasculopathy. Dr. Hao (Howie) Tran provides the E-CPR and program director Dr. Daniel Blanchard provides a message for applicants. Episode notes were developed by Johns Hopkins internal medicine resident Richard Ferraro with mentorship from University of Maryland cardiology fellow Karan Desai.   Jump to: Patient summary - Case media - Case teaching - References The CardioNerds Cardiology Case Reports series shines light on the hidden curriculum of medical storytelling. We learn together while discussing fascinating cases in this fun, engaging, and educational format. Each episode ends with an “Expert CardioNerd Perspectives & Review” (E-CPR) for a nuanced teaching from a content expert. We truly believe that hearing about a patient is the singular theme that unifies everyone at every level, from the student to the professor emeritus. We are teaming up with the ACC FIT Section to use the #CNCR episodes to showcase CV education across the country in the era of virtual recruitment. As part of the recruitment series, each episode features fellows from a given program discussing and teaching about an interesting case as well as sharing what makes their hearts flutter about their fellowship training. The case discussion is followed by both an E-CPR segment and a message from the program director. CardioNerds Case Reports PageCardioNerds Episode PageCardioNerds AcademySubscribe to our newsletter- The HeartbeatSupport our educational mission by becoming a Patron!Cardiology Programs Twitter Group created by Dr. Nosheen Reza Patient Summary A man in his late 20s with a past medical history of orthotopic heart transplant, presents with one-week of progressive lower extremity edema and dyspnea with NYHA class IV symptoms. 5 years prior, he underwent orthotopic heart transplant for arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Subsequently, he has had multiple episodes of rejection or recurrent graft dysfunction. On presentation, he was normotensive and borderline tachycardic. Exam revealed elevated JVP, decreased breath sounds, and pitting edema.  Labs demonstrated leukocytosis, acute kidney injury, and elevated pro-BNP. TTE demonstrated LVEF 35%, apical akinesis, and grade III diastolic dysfunction (all similar to prior). He was initially diuresed and RHC/EMB was performed to evaluate for rejection. Early in his course, the patient unfortunately suffered a PEA arrest with ROSC was quickly achieved after 1 minute of CPR. He was intubated and cannulated for VA ECMO. EMB demonstrated ISHLT Grade 1R cellular rejection and he was ultimately listed for re-transplant. Shortly thereafter, the patient received an OHT. His pathology demonstrated intimal thickening of all his coronaries, consistent with coronary artery vasculopathy, felt to be the major contributor to his presentation.   Case Media ECG Episode Schematics & Teaching Click to enlarge! The CardioNerds 5! – 5 major takeaways from the #CNCR case 1. What is CAV?   CAV stands for cardiac allograft vasculopathy. Within the transplanted heart, CAV is the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle and intimal thickening in the epicardial coronary arteries and microvasculature leading to diffuse narrowing. CAV is common, present in greater than 30% of patients at 5 years post-transplant. It is a significant contributor to post-transplant mortality after the first year.  CAV, in contrast to typical atherosclerotic lesions, is diffuse and concentric while atherosclerosis tends to be focal with eccentric luminal narrowing and heterogenous plaque composition. Patients s/p OHT can still develop typical coronary artery disease,

CardioNerds (Amit Goyal & Daniel Ambinder) join Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) cardiology fellows (Ajay Pillai, Amar Doshi, and Anna Tomdio) for a delicious skillet breakfast and amazing day in Richmond, VA! They discuss a fascinating case of a patient with Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Dr. Keyur Shah provides the E-CPR and program director Dr. Gautham Kalahasty provides a message for applicants. Episode notes were developed by Johns Hopkins internal medicine resident Colin Blumenthal with mentorship from University of Maryland cardiology fellow Karan Desai. Jump to: Patient summary - Case media - Case teaching - References Episode graphic by Dr. Carine Hamo The CardioNerds Cardiology Case Reports series shines light on the hidden curriculum of medical storytelling. We learn together while discussing fascinating cases in this fun, engaging, and educational format. Each episode ends with an “Expert CardioNerd Perspectives & Review” (E-CPR) for a nuanced teaching from a content expert. We truly believe that hearing about a patient is the singular theme that unifies everyone at every level, from the student to the professor emeritus. We are teaming up with the ACC FIT Section to use the #CNCR episodes to showcase CV education across the country in the era of virtual recruitment. As part of the recruitment series, each episode features fellows from a given program discussing and teaching about an interesting case as well as sharing what makes their hearts flutter about their fellowship training. The case discussion is followed by both an E-CPR segment and a message from the program director. CardioNerds Case Reports PageCardioNerds Episode PageCardioNerds AcademySubscribe to our newsletter- The HeartbeatSupport our educational mission by becoming a Patron!Cardiology Programs Twitter Group created by Dr. Nosheen Reza Patient Summary A man in his mid-60s presented to the ED after an episode of unwitnessed syncope while drinking. Patient had suddenly passed out from a seated position with no prodrome or post-ictal state. He had episodes like this in the past, which were thought to be seizures, but otherwise PMHx only notable for alcohol use disorder. He denied any FH of SCD or syncope. In the ED, exam was unremarkable. Labs notable for mild thrombocytopenia, mild hyponatremia with AKI, 2:1 AST/ALT ratio, elevated NT-proBNP, and a very high lactate that rapidly corrected with fluids. EKG was notable for sinus tachycardia, short PR interval, wide QRS, and delta waves consistent with Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) pattern. Echo showed preserved LVEF, thickened LV septum (1.6 cm) and posterior wall (1.3 cm) concerning for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). No outflow tract gradient was noted at rest or with stress, and the strain pattern demonstrated apical sparing. Evaluation for cardiac amyloid, including plasma cell dyscrasia and PYP scan, was negative. Cardiac MRI confirmed severely thickened LV inferior and inferolateral walls at 1.7 cm with no LVOT obstruction. 25% of the myocardium demonstrated patchy LGE.   Due to concern for WPW syndrome, the patient underwent an EP study. This revealed a malignant septal accessory pathway that was successfully ablated with resolution of the WPW EKG features. Given large LGE burden in setting of HCM, patient underwent placement of primary prevention ICD. Genetic testing for PRKAG2 mutation is pending given comorbid WPW and HCM.  Case Media AECDBFClick to Enlarge A. CXR: Slightly increased interstitial markings in the lung bases, an elevated right hemidiaphragm. No acute airspace disease or pulmonary edemaB. ECG: Sinus tachycardia rate 120bpm, PR interval 80ms, QRS 130ms, WPW pattern.  Arruda algorithm localizes to posterior septum.C. CMR:  Myocardium nulls before blood pool.D. CMR:  Delayed gadolinium enhancementE. Follow up ECG: NSR 78, repolarization abnormalities.  T wave memory inferior leads.F.

CardioNerds (Amit Goyal & Daniel Ambinder) join Baylor College of Medicine cardiology fellows (Khurrum Khan, John Suffredini, and Aliza Hussain) during restaurant week in Houston! They discuss an interesting case of STEMI in a patient with a recent diagnosis of e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI). Dr. Vijay Nambi provides the E-CPR and APD Dr. Arunima Misra provides a message for applicants. Episode notes were developed by Johns Hopkins internal medicine resident Bibin Varghese with mentorship from University of Maryland cardiology fellow Karan Desai.    Jump to: Patient summary - Case media - Case teaching - References Episode graphic by Dr. Carine Hamo The CardioNerds Cardiology Case Reports series shines light on the hidden curriculum of medical storytelling. We learn together while discussing fascinating cases in this fun, engaging, and educational format. Each episode ends with an “Expert CardioNerd Perspectives & Review” (E-CPR) for a nuanced teaching from a content expert. We truly believe that hearing about a patient is the singular theme that unifies everyone at every level, from the student to the professor emeritus. We are teaming up with the ACC FIT Section to use the #CNCR episodes to showcase CV education across the country in the era of virtual recruitment. As part of the recruitment series, each episode features fellows from a given program discussing and teaching about an interesting case as well as sharing what makes their hearts flutter about their fellowship training. The case discussion is followed by both an E-CPR segment and a message from the program director. CardioNerds Case Reports PageCardioNerds Episode PageCardioNerds AcademySubscribe to our newsletter- The HeartbeatSupport our educational mission by becoming a Patron!Cardiology Programs Twitter Group created by Dr. Nosheen Reza Patient Summary A male in his mid 40s with a 30 pack year smoking history, EVALI (e-cigarette and vaping associated lung injury), and asthma presented with dyspnea and persistent chest pain. He had been vaping for the past year. One month prior , CT chest showed bilateral patchy infiltrates and he was diagnosed with EVALI and started on a steroid taper with resolution of his CT abnormalities. A nuclear stress test at that time was negative for ischemia. On arrival, he was in sinus tachycardia, normotensive, and not on oxygen supplementation. Physical exam was negative for volume overload or heart murmurs. EKG showed new Q waves with STE in V2-V4, with associated Q waves and TWI in the lateral leads and troponin returned moderately elevated. He was emergently taken to the cath lab which showed an abrupt cutoff of flow to the LAD. He received a single DES with resolution of coronary flow. A post-cath TTE showed an LVEF of 40-45% with apical anterior and anteroseptal WMA. He was monitored in the CCU the next day and he was treated with aspirin, ticagrelor, ACEi, metoprolol succinate and high intensity statin and subsequently discharged in stable condition with cardiac rehab follow-up. Case Media ABClick to Enlarge A. Presentation ECG (Anterior STEMI) B. Baseline ECG LAD occlusion Post PCI RCA TTE 1 TTE 2 TTE 3 Episode Schematics & Teaching Click to enlarge! The CardioNerds 5! – 5 major takeaways from the #CNCR case 1. The patient presented with a STEMI following a diagnosis of EVALI. What is known about the cardiovascular risks of vaping and e-cigarette use?  The overall cardiovascular risks of e-cigarette use remains to be elucidated In preclinical studies, e-cigarettes use have been linked to increased sympathetic activity, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, vascular injury, and altered platelet activity One observational study has suggested that daily e-cigarette users were 1.79 times more likely to experience MI than individuals who had never used e-cigarettes.

CardioNerds (Amit Goyal & Daniel Ambinder) join University of Pittsburgh Medical Center cardiology fellows (Agnes Koczo, Natalie Stokes, and Kayle Shapero) for a boat cruise down the Allegheny river as we tour all over beautiful Pittsburgh! They discuss an important case of severe pre-eclampsia, and explore some of the exciting dimensions of cardio-obstetrics. Dr. Malamo Eleni Countouris provides the E-CPR and program director Dr. Katie Berlacher provides a message for applicants. Episode notes were developed by Johns Hopkins internal medicine resident Tommy Das with mentorship from University of Maryland cardiology fellow Karan Desai.   Jump to: Patient summary - Case media - Case teaching - References Episode graphic by Dr. Carine Hamo The CardioNerds Cardiology Case Reports series shines light on the hidden curriculum of medical storytelling. We learn together while discussing fascinating cases in this fun, engaging, and educational format. Each episode ends with an “Expert CardioNerd Perspectives & Review” (E-CPR) for a nuanced teaching from a content expert. We truly believe that hearing about a patient is the singular theme that unifies everyone at every level, from the student to the professor emeritus. We are teaming up with the ACC FIT Section to use the #CNCR episodes to showcase CV education across the country in the era of virtual recruitment. As part of the recruitment series, each episode features fellows from a given program discussing and teaching about an interesting case as well as sharing what makes their hearts flutter about their fellowship training. The case discussion is followed by both an E-CPR segment and a message from the program director. CardioNerds Case Reports PageCardioNerds Episode PageCardioNerds AcademySubscribe to our newsletter- The HeartbeatSupport our educational mission by becoming a Patron!Cardiology Programs Twitter Group created by Dr. Nosheen Reza Patient Summary A G12P7 woman in her mid 30s in the third trimester of pregnancy presented with two months of progressive shortness of breath, orthopnea, and abdominal distension. She has a history of chronic HTN, untreated OSA, and obesity. Evaluation revealed a BP of 147/76 and spot urine protein:creatinine ratio elevated to 0.6, which in the context of her presentation was concerning for preeclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension. TTE showed preserved ejection fraction, flattened interventricular septum during systole consistent with RV pressure overload, and moderate pulmonary HTN.  She was diuresed with IV furosemide with improvement in symptoms and kept on ASA 81mg. The etiology of her elevated PA pressures was thought to be multifactorial, including untreated OSA for which she was started on CPAP. She was ultimately discharged on oral diuretics, and underwent an uncomplicated spontaneous vaginal delivery at 37 weeks. After delivery, follow-up in a clinic specializing in improving cardiovascular health in women with history of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy was arranged.   Case Media ABCClick to Enlarge A. ECG: Sinus tachycardia otherwise unremarkableB. CXR: Within limitations of respiratory motion, no focal airspace consolidation; no pleural effusionsC. TTE: EF 55-60%, flattened IVS c/w RV pressure overload; normal RV size and function; mod TR; moderate pulmonary HTN (PASP 52mmHG); normal diastolic function Episode Schematics & Teaching Click to enlarge! The CardioNerds 5! – 5 major takeaways from the #CNCR case 1. Cardionerds, we all should be familiar with #CardioObstetrics. What are the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy?  There are four major categories for hypertensive disorders in pregnancy: (1) chronic hypertension (2) gestational hypertension; (3) preeclampsia (along with eclampsia and HELLP syndrome); (4) chronic hypertension with superimposed preeclampsia.  Chronic Hypertension: Note,

CardioNerds (Amit Goyal & Daniel Ambinder) join  join UCLA cardiology fellows (Jay Patel, Hillary Shapiro, and Ruth Hsiao) for some beach bonfire in Santa Monica! They discuss a challenging case of Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection (SCAD) requiring heart transplantation. Dr. Jonathan Tobis provides the E-CPR and program director Dr. Karol Watson provides a message for applicants. Episode notes were developed by Johns Hopkins internal medicine resident Evelyn Song with mentorship from University of Maryland cardiology fellow Karan Desai.   Jump to: Patient summary - Case media - Case teaching - References Episode graphic by Dr. Carine Hamo The CardioNerds Cardiology Case Reports series shines light on the hidden curriculum of medical storytelling. We learn together while discussing fascinating cases in this fun, engaging, and educational format. Each episode ends with an “Expert CardioNerd Perspectives & Review” (E-CPR) for a nuanced teaching from a content expert. We truly believe that hearing about a patient is the singular theme that unifies everyone at every level, from the student to the professor emeritus. We are teaming up with the ACC FIT Section to use the #CNCR episodes to showcase CV education across the country in the era of virtual recruitment. As part of the recruitment series, each episode features fellows from a given program discussing and teaching about an interesting case as well as sharing what makes their hearts flutter about their fellowship training. The case discussion is followed by both an E-CPR segment and a message from the program director. CardioNerds Case Reports PageCardioNerds Episode PageCardioNerds AcademySubscribe to our newsletter- The HeartbeatSupport our educational mission by becoming a Patron!Cardiology Programs Twitter Group created by Dr. Nosheen Reza Patient Summary A woman in her late 40s presented with a one day history of intermittent chest pain. EKG showed anteroseptal and lateral STE with reciprocal ST depressions in the inferior leads. High-sensitivity troponin was elevated at 333 ng/mL. Emergent LHC showed a long and narrow left main with areas of additional contrast filling into a false lumen with no flow in the LAD. RCA and LCx were normal appearing (make sure you check out the angiogram videos below!). IVUS showed dissection and heavy thrombus burden in the left main artery. Shortly after the diagnostic angiogram, the patient went into V-fib arrest and received one shock with ROSC. Amiodarone was started and an Impella CP was placed for additional left ventricular support. ECMO and emergent CABG were not readily available at this time so the interventional team attempted revascularization with PCI to the left main given patient's hemodynamic instability from ongoing ischemia. However, even after PCI to left main, flow to LAD remained poor and the LCx now also appeared occluded. The decision was made to cease further attempts at revascularization. Unfortunately, post-procedure TTE showed a reduced EF of 22% with anterior and anterolateral hypokinesis. She was transferred to CCU on maximal Impella support. Patient eventually developed acute renal and liver failure secondary to cardiogenic shock and suffered an additional V-fib arrest with ROSC. Eventually, Ronald Reagan UCLA was contacted for transfer and the mobile ECMO team was dispatched. They placed the patient on VA-ECMO in the outside facility and transferred her to Ronald Reagan UCLA. At Ronald Reagan, revascularization was attempted given persistent cardiogenic shock and 3 stents were successfully deployed in the LAD. She was eventually weaned off of both Impella and ECMO after successful PCIs to LAD. However, TTE showed persistently low EF and patient eventually underwent successful heart-kidney transplantation.  Case Media ABCDClick to Enlarge A. ECG: Anterior STE, STE in I/aVL but depressedions in V4-V6, inferior reciprocal ST depressionB.