Sci Guys

This week Tom Scott joins us to chat about linguistics, the scientific study of language. If you learn anything from this episode, let it be that a conversation with someone that likes linguistics is always going to go off the rails with as many tangents as possible... Grab our merch now: http://normalcitizen.store You can WATCH the podcast over on our YouTube channel: http://youtube.com/SciGuys Help keep the show running by supporting us on Patreon! http://patreon.com/sciguys If you'd like to see more of us, follow our socials! Website sciguys.co.uk TikTok https://www.tiktok.com/@sciguys Twitter http://twitter.com/SciGuysPod Instagram http://instagram.com/SciGuysPod Facebook http://facebook.com/SciGuysPod Follow the SCI GUYS @notcorry / @lukecutforth References & Further Reading https://www.linguisticsociety.org/resource/science-linguistics https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3yLXNzDUH58 https://linguistics.ucla.edu/undergraduate/what-is-linguistics/#:~:text=Linguistics%20is%20the%20scientific%20study,from%20other%20animal%20communication%20systems%3F https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-1-349-27346-1 https://www.linguisticsociety.org/resource/science-linguistics https://www.britannica.com/science/linguistics/The-20th-century https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=is+linguistics+a+science&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&hl=en-gb&client=safari https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=linguistics https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3yLXNzDUH58 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet https://www.ipachart.com/ https://linguistics.ucla.edu/undergraduate/what-is-linguistics/#:~:text=Linguistics%20is%20the%20scientific%20study,from%20other%20animal%20communication%20systems%3F https://linguistics.uchicago.edu/undergraduate/why-study-linguistics https://www.forbes.com/sites/robtoews/2022/02/13/language-is-the-next-great-frontier-in-ai/ https://www.linguisticsociety.org/content/why-major-linguistics#:~:text=Linguistics%20is%20a%20major%20that,%2C%20and%20meaning%20(semantics). https://all-about-linguistics.group.shef.ac.uk/branches-of-linguistics/phonetics/#:~:text=Phonetics%20is%20a%20branch%20of,teeth%2C%20to%20produce%20particular%20sounds. https://all-about-linguistics.group.shef.ac.uk/branches-of-linguistics/phonology/ https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2016/01/difference-between-language-dialect/424704/ https://www.britannica.com/topic/language/Historical-attitudes-toward-language https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hockett%27s_design_features https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4544681/#:~:text=Hockett%20presented%20a%20list%20of,seven%20properties%20he%20identified%20previously.&text=To%20these%20he%20added%20vocal,feedback%2C%20semanticity%2C%20and%20discreteness. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6232916/ https://www.thoughtco.com/syntax-grammar-1692182#:~:text=In%20linguistics%2C%20%22syntax%22%20refers,syntactic%20properties%20of%20a%20language. https://www.thoughtco.com/semantics-linguistics-1692080 https://www.britannica.com/science/pragmatics https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/grammar/pron/features/schwa/

Our patrons voted in kinks as this month’s topic - which (among other things) means opening up the DSM and seeing which fetishes are pathologised & which aren’t…  CW: pedophillia mention Grab our merch now: http://normalcitizen.store You can WATCH the podcast over on our YouTube channel: http://youtube.com/SciGuys Help keep the show running by supporting us on Patreon! http://patreon.com/sciguys If you'd like to see more of us, follow our socials! Website sciguys.co.uk TikTok https://www.tiktok.com/@sciguys Twitter http://twitter.com/SciGuysPod Instagram http://instagram.com/SciGuysPod Facebook http://facebook.com/SciGuysPod Follow the SCI GUYS @notcorry / @lukecutforth References & Further Reading https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3940015/#:~:text=Introduction-,Transvestic%20fetishism%20is%20having%20a%20sexual%20or%20erotic%20interest%20in,of%20the%20American%20Psychiatric%20Association.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32935177/ https:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6525106/#!po=10.3659  https://amp.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/feb/14/science-bdsm-kink-biology-psychology-fifty-shades  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32119312/  https://www.huffpost.com/entry/difference-between-fetish-and-kink_n_5b58a59ae4b0b15aba94749b/amp 

Circumcision is one of the oldest surgical procedures we still know of and perform today, but the question is why? Beyond the religious elements, are there any benefits to circumcising babies? Are they better off being circumcised before they can talk, or should we wait until they're able to consent? We're digging into the scientific debates surrounding those very questions in this week's episode... Grab our merch now: http://normalcitizen.store You can WATCH the podcast over on our YouTube channel: http://youtube.com/SciGuys Help keep the show running by supporting us on Patreon! http://patreon.com/sciguys If you'd like to see more of us, follow our socials! Website sciguys.co.uk TikTok https://www.tiktok.com/@sciguys Twitter http://twitter.com/SciGuysPod Instagram http://instagram.com/SciGuysPod Facebook http://facebook.com/SciGuysPod Follow the SCI GUYS @notcorry / @lukecutforth References & Further Reading https://jme.bmj.com/content/30/3/241.1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4277517/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4364150/ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1198743X16302683 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41443-020-00354-y https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1016/S0968-8080%2807%2929303-6 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3638798/ https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/circumcision-in-men/ https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/circumcision-in-boys/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3225416/ https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/phimosis/ https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/newborn-male-circumcision

Body Dysmorphic Disorder is a condition that most people have heard of, but they may not understand it as well as they think... This week, we take a dive into BDD & find out what it is, how it's treated, and more... Grab our merch now: http://normalcitizen.store You can WATCH the podcast over on our YouTube channel: http://youtube.com/SciGuys Help keep the show running by supporting us on Patreon! http://patreon.com/sciguys If you'd like to see more of us, follow our socials! Website sciguys.co.uk TikTok https://www.tiktok.com/@sciguys Twitter http://twitter.com/SciGuysPod Instagram http://instagram.com/SciGuysPod Facebook http://facebook.com/SciGuysPod Follow the SCI GUYS @notcorry / @lukecutforth References & Further Reading https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30806630/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29701157/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20623926/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28611331/ https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/body-dysmorphia/#:~:text=Body%20dysmorphic%20disorder%20(BDD)%2C,affects%20both%20men%20and%20women. https://www.mind.org.uk/information-support/types-of-mental-health-problems/body-dysmorphic-disorder-bdd/about-bdd/

Vaping seems to have taken over the world in the past few years - one minute it doesn't exist, the next every teenager and their mum is sucking on an e-cig. It seems that vapes are safer than smoking, but that's not a very high bar... At least one major question remains to be answered: Is it safe to vape, or is vaping dangerous for your health? Grab our merch now: http://normalcitizen.store You can WATCH the podcast over on our YouTube channel: http://youtube.com/SciGuys Help keep the show running by supporting us on Patreon! http://patreon.com/sciguys If you'd like to see more of us, follow our socials! Website sciguys.co.uk TikTok https://www.tiktok.com/@sciguys Twitter http://twitter.com/SciGuysPod Instagram http://instagram.com/SciGuysPod Facebook http://facebook.com/SciGuysPod Follow the SCI GUYS @notcorry / @lukecutforth References & Further Reading What is Vaping? https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/quit-smoking/using-e-cigarettes-to-stop-smoking/ https://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugfacts/vaping-devices-electronic-cigarettes https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-61914166 https://okvape.co.uk/blog/vaping-beginners/brief-history-of-e-cigarettes/ Vaping & Nicotine Safety https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/basic_information/e-cigarettes/Quick-Facts-on-the-Risks-of-E-cigarettes-for-Kids-Teens-and-Young-Adults.html https://www.ccjm.org/content/86/12/789.long https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7274878/ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163725821000395?via%3Dihub https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7285995/ https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/causes-of-cancer/smoking-and-cancer/is-vaping-harmful https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/heart-matters-magazine/news/e-cigarettes https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/can-vaping-damage-your-lungs-what-we-do-and-dont-know-2019090417734 https://www.lung.ca/lung-health/vaping-what-you-need-know#:~:text=Lung%20disease%3A%20Vaping%20can%20make,%2C%20in%20some%20cases%2C%20death. https://ukhsa.blog.gov.uk/2018/02/20/clearing-up-some-myths-around-e-cigarettes/ https://www.bupa.co.uk/newsroom/ourviews/is-vaping-harmful https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/5-truths-you-need-to-know-about-vaping#:~:text=1%3A%20Vaping%20is%20less%20harmful,many%20of%20which%20are%20toxic. https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/basic_information/e-cigarettes/severe-lung-disease.html Nicotine https://www.britannica.com/science/nicotine https://www.bat.com/nicotine

Autism and Gender Dysphoria seem to have some link that scientists have yet to crack, but our Patrons tasked us with getting to the bottom of this. So NoahFinnce, the fifth Sci Guy, joins us this week as we discuss the relationship between being autistic & being trans... Grab our merch now: http://normalcitizen.store You can WATCH the podcast over on our YouTube channel: http://youtube.com/SciGuys Help keep the show running by supporting us on Patreon! http://patreon.com/sciguys If you'd like to see more of us, follow our socials! Website sciguys.co.uk TikTok https://www.tiktok.com/@sciguys Twitter http://twitter.com/SciGuysPod Instagram http://instagram.com/SciGuysPod Facebook http://facebook.com/SciGuysPod Follow the SCI GUYS @notcorry / @lukecutforth References & Further Reading https://www.autism.org.uk/advice-and-guidance/what-is-autism/autism-and-gender-identity https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/13623613211039113 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26753812/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532313/

Obesity is an epidemic in much of the western world, but is it really all that bad? The Obesity Paradox is the name given to something unexpected that some scientists have found when it comes to how obesity affects health... Grab our merch now: http://normalcitizen.store You can WATCH the podcast over on our YouTube channel: http://youtube.com/SciGuys Help keep the show running by supporting us on Patreon! http://patreon.com/sciguys If you'd like to see more of us, follow our socials! Website sciguys.co.uk TikTok https://www.tiktok.com/@sciguys Twitter http://twitter.com/SciGuysPod Instagram http://instagram.com/SciGuysPod Facebook http://facebook.com/SciGuysPod Follow the SCI GUYS @notcorry / @jampkin / @lukecutforth References & Further Reading Obesity https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/healthy-weight/bmi-calculator/ https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/obesity/ https://www.who.int/health-topics/obesity#tab=tab_1 https://www.bmj.com/content/346/bmj.f1050 https://www.science.org/content/article/obesity-doesn-t-always-mean-ill-health-here-s-what-scientists-are-learning https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg25333682-800-have-we-got-the-science-of-obesity-back-to-front/ Obesity Paradox https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/28/well/obesity-paradox-fails-to-hold-up-in-study.html https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2813817/ https://www.nature.com/articles/ijo201799 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40519-019-00815-4 https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/03/180315203916.htm https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.28.20082800v1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7221058/ https://journal.chestnet.org/article/S0012-3692(21)00562-6/fulltext

Abortion rights have been rolled back in the USA thanks to a Supreme Court decision. So this week we delve into the process of abortions & the unbelievable story of Dr Morgentaler, a doctor who fought for abortion rights in Canada during the 70s & 80s - whilst continuing to provide (unfairly) illegal abortions. Grab our merch now: http://normalcitizen.store You can WATCH the podcast over on our YouTube channel: http://youtube.com/SciGuys Help keep the show running by supporting us on Patreon! http://patreon.com/sciguys If you'd like to see more of us, follow our socials! Website sciguys.co.uk TikTok https://www.tiktok.com/@sciguys Twitter http://twitter.com/SciGuysPod Instagram http://instagram.com/SciGuysPod Facebook http://facebook.com/SciGuysPod Follow the SCI GUYS @notcorry / @jampkin / @lukecutforth References & Further Reading UK Abortion Law https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abortion_in_the_United_Kingdom#:~:text=Abortion%20in%20the%20United%20Kingdom%20is%20legally%20available%20through%20the,2)%20Regulations%202020. Abortion https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/abortion/what-happens/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/search/research-news/906/ https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/abortion-rights-are-good-health-and-good-science/ https://www.britannica.com/science/abortion-pregnancy Morgentaler https://embryo.asu.edu/pages/henry-morgentaler-1923-2013 https://scc-csc.lexum.com/scc-csc/scc-csc/en/item/288/index.do https://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/30/world/americas/henry-morgentaler-abortion-doctor-in-canada-dies-at-90.html https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1346397/?page=1

DNA is the code for almost everything that makes you you - but the story behind how we discovered and learned more about this little molecule of life is filled with sexism and scandals... Grab our merch now: http://normalcitizen.store You can WATCH the podcast over on our YouTube channel: http://youtube.com/SciGuys Help keep the show running by supporting us on Patreon! http://patreon.com/sciguys If you'd like to see more of us, follow our socials! Website sciguys.co.uk TikTok https://www.tiktok.com/@sciguys Twitter http://twitter.com/SciGuysPod Instagram http://instagram.com/SciGuysPod Facebook http://facebook.com/SciGuysPod Follow the SCI GUYS @notcorry / @jampkin / @lukecutforth References & Further Reading https://www.britannica.com/science/DNA https://www.sciencefocus.com/the-human-body/dna-a-timeline-of-discoveries/ https://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/jun/23/sexism-in-science-did-watson-and-crick-really-steal-rosalind-franklins-data https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/watson_and_crick.shtml https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/discovery-of-dna-structure-and-function-watson-397/ https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/discovery-of-dna-structure-and-function-watson-397/ https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/rosalind-franklin-a-crucial-contribution-6538012/ https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rosalind-Franklin https://lmuthisweek.lmu.edu/2021/03/22/sexism-in-science-was-rosalind-franklin-robbed-of-a-nobel-prize/#:~:text=In%20her%20short%20lifetime%20of,an%20affluent%20Anglo%2DJewish%20family.

We all know that the dinosaurs went extinct millions of years ago, but what exactly happened? Research into some brand new fossils may have given us a much better idea of exactly what happened on the day that the dinosaurs died out... Grab our merch now: http://normalcitizen.store You can WATCH the podcast over on our YouTube channel: http://youtube.com/SciGuys Help keep the show running by supporting us on Patreon! http://patreon.com/sciguys If you'd like to see more of us, follow our socials! TikTok https://www.tiktok.com/@sciguys Twitter http://twitter.com/SciGuysPod Instagram http://instagram.com/SciGuysPod Facebook http://facebook.com/SciGuysPod Follow the SCI GUYS @notcorry / @jampkin / @lukecutforth References & Further Reading https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-61013740 https://www2.nau.edu/lrm22/lessons/chicken_wing/wing.html https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-61013740.amp https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/dinosaur-extinction?cmpid=int_org=ngp::int_mc=website::int_src=ngp::int_cmp=amp::int_add=amp_readtherest https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/dinosaur-extinction.html https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/how-an-asteroid-caused-extinction-of-dinosaurs.html https://www.forbes.com/sites/ericmack/2019/09/09/the-day-the-dinosaurs-died-told-in-horrifying-new-detail/amp/ https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/why-birds-survived-and-dinosaurs-went-extinct-after-asteroid-hit-earth-180975801/