This Week in Virology

TWiV reviews the vials labeled smallpox that were not, re-emergence of enterovirus D68 in Europe, efficacy of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, and cellular correlates of protection for an oral influenza virus vaccine. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Rich Condit, and Amy Rosenfeld Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Smallpox vials contain vaccinia virus (6abc.com) European re-emergence of enterovirus D68 (Eurosurveill) Efficacy of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (Lancet) Cellular correlates of protection for oral flu vaccine (Cell Host Micr) Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Dickson – Rodney Dangerfield Amy – Calder at MoMA Rich – 'Useless Specks of Dust' Turn Out to Be Building Blocks of All Vertebrate Genomes Vincent – Structure of small viruses Listener Picks Charles – It is raining you lied to me Dave – A Whole New Ball Game Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In COVID-19 clinical update #89, Dr. Griffin reviews upcoming meeting on FDA emergency use authorization for molnupiravir, 25% of US cases in children, reinfection associates with presence of antibodies, national surveillance for acute flaccid myelitis in the US, and monoclonal antibody treatment of infection in vaccinated, high-risk individuals. Hosts: Daniel Griffin and Vincent Racaniello Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Scott Hammer on TWiV 52 Meeting for molnupiravir EUA (FDA) SARS-CoV-2 reinfection associates with antibodies (Clinical Inf Dis) AFM surveillance in US (CDC) Monoclonal antibody treatment in high-risk patients (J Inf Dis) Letters read on TWiV 831 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

TWiV explains that a recent report suggesting that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein inhibits V(D)J recombination in vitro would not impact immunity after infection or vaccination, and describes the isolation of remdesivir resistant mutants in cells in culture, and the emergence of amino acid changes in the spike protein identical to those in variants of concern, in the absence of immune selection. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler Click arrow to play Download TWiV 830 (67 MB .mp3, 112 min) Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Spike protein inhibition of V(D)J recombination in vitro (Viruses) Evolutionary predictability of SARS-CoV-2 (PLoS Path) Letters read on TWiV 830 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Kathy – When do we get back to normal? Maybe now. Rich – The Covid-19 Pandemic Alan – Yaupon Brothers American tea Vincent – Cracking the genetic code (and Niremberg's account) Listener Picks Justin – Partisan vaccination Lisa – The Red Flag Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

A TWiV duo reviews how SARS-CoV-2 attacks the olfactory mucosa but spares the olfactory bulb, vaccination with BNT162b2 induces virus-specific stem cell memory T cells, and development of an oral protease inhibitor for the treatment of COVID-19. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello and Brianne Barker Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode How SARS-CoV-2 attacks olfactory mucosa (Cell) SARS-CoV-2-specific stem cell memory T cells after mRNA vaccine (Sci Immunol) Oral SARS-CoV-2 protease inhibitor (Science) Paxlovid phase 2/3 trial preliminary results (Pfizer) Letters read on TWiV 829 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Brianne – Coronavirus Neutralizing Antibodies and mRNA Vaccine Video Vincent – MHC restriction of cytotoxic T cell lysis (Nobel description) Listener Picks Lisa – Shall Furnish Medicine Bistra – Saving the World by Julia Alvarez Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In COVID-19 clinical update #88, Dr. Griffin covers vaccine protection among US veterans, absence of long COVID in vaccinated who are infected, single dose of REGEN-COV monoclonal antibody cocktail provides long term protection, and Pfizer protease inhibitor Paxlovid is 89% effective in preventing hospitalization or death. Hosts: Daniel Griffin and Vincent Racaniello Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Vaccine protection of US veterans (Science) Long term protection by REGEN-COV (Regeneron) Pfizer protease inhibitor Paxlovid phase 2/3 results (Pfizer) Letters read on TWiV 828 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

Greg Zuckerman joins TWiV to discuss his book that explores the race to produce COVID-19 vaccines, with insights into the companies, scientists, and executives involved and the rivalries, ambitions, ego, and a desire to save the world. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler Guest: Greg Zuckerman Click arrow to play Download TWiV 824 (76 MB .mp3, 127 min) Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode A Shot to Save the World (Hardcover, Kindle) Letters read on TWiV 827 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Dickson – Michael Palin Kathy – Science News Centennial Rich – Diverse variola virus (smallpox) strains were widespread in northern Europe in the Viking Age Vincent – Evidence for somatic rearrangement of immunoglobulin genes (and commentary) Listener Picks Matt – Clinical evidence that the pandemic from 1889 to 1891 commonly called the Russian flu might have been an earlier coronavirus pandemic Brigitte – The Obscure Virus Club Justin – Eddie Holmes wins Prime Minister's Prize for Science Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In COVID-19 clinical update #87, Dr. Griffin reviews PCR cycle threshold and RNA copy number, rapid antigen tests, hospitalization rate after infection or vaccination, allergies and vaccination, community transmission and viral RNA load, early treatment with sotrovimab, meta-analysis of tocilizumab treatment, antibiotic overuse, and guidelines on the use of anticoagulation for thromboprophylaxis. Hosts: Daniel Griffin and Vincent Racaniello Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode CDC vaccine nod to 5-11 year olds (CDC) Sensitivity of rapid antigen tests (Front Micro) COVID-19 among infected or vaccinated (MMWR) Allergy and vaccination symptoms (JAMA) Community transmission and viral RNA load (Lancet) Early treatment with sotrovimab (NEJM) Tocilizumab treatment meta-analysis (Leukemia) Antibiotic overuse in COVID-19 (Am J Trop Med Hyg) Anticoagulants for thromboprophylaxis (Blood Adv) Letters read on TWiV 826 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

In this special live-streamed episode of TWiV, Dr. Daniel Griffin fields questions on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 from listeners. Hosts: Daniel Griffin and Vincent Racaniello Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

TWiV explores the properties of the spike glycoproteins of an influenza B virus discovered in the Wuhan spiny eel, and protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection one year after mRNA-1273 vaccination of nonhuman primates. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Rich Condit, and Brianne Barker Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode HA and NA of Wuhan spiny eel influenza virus (Nat Comm) Protection one year after mRNA-1273 vaccination (bioRxiv) Letters read on TWiV 824 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Dickson – Best of Gilda Radner Brianne – This polio survivor is one of the last still relying on an iron lung Rich – WHO Announces Proposed Members of its Scientific Advisory Group for the Origins of Novel Pathogens (SAGO); (members) Vincent – Discovery of mRNA (paper one and two) Listener Picks Doris – History of smallpox and smallpox vaccine Judith – How the immune system works Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In COVID-19 clinical update #86, Dr. Griffin discusses virologic features of infection in children, antibody tests should not be used to asses level of protection, test-to-stay programs in schools, FDA authorizes Moderna boosters, results of TOGETHER trial for fluvoxamine, statins and 28 day mortality, and cognitive function in patients. Hosts: Daniel Griffin and Vincent Racaniello Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode 115,000 healthcare worker deaths (Stat News) Virology features of infection in children (J Inf Dis) Antibody tests not for assessing protection (FDA) Infections in vaccinated healthcare workers (NEJM) Flawed science of antibody testing (JAMA) Test-to-stay in school (US News) Vaccination and non-COVID mortality risk (MMWR) EUA for Moderna booster (FDA) Fact sheet for use of casirivimab and imdevimab (FDA) Effect of early treatment with fluvoxamine (Lancet) Statins and 28-day mortality (J Inf Dis) Cognitive function after COVID-19 (JAMA) Routine vaccination coverage worldwide (MMWR) Letters read on TWiV 823 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv