This Week in Virology

In the first epitope of 2023, TWiV reviews our coverage of virology in 2022, including favorite story arcs, episodes, show titles, and much more. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Rich Condit, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Our favorite 2022 virology stories: •Vincent: Paul Offit on bivalent boosters (TWiV 917, 942, Special) •Dickson: Interviews with Paul Offit and Andy Slavitt •Rich: TWiV 948: Breathless with David Quammen •Kathy: TWiV 915: Mouse mouth to mouse mom •Brianne: Spillovers (TWiV 923 and 876) •Vincent: Giant viruses (TWiV 873, 906, 968) •Dickson: TWiV 960 – Getting Funky with Dan Wilson •Rich: TWiV 927: Merchlinsky vs monkeypox •Kathy: TWiV 958: Pass the RNA and have some venison pi •Brianne: TWiV 869: Epstein-Barr virus and MS, a perfect storm •Twiverse •Letters read on TWiV 968 •Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Dickson – Jazz Project: Tenor saxophone: John Coltrane/Dexter Gordon/Stan Getz: John Coltrane: Signature album: Giant Steps: Signature song: Blue Train; Dexter Gordon: Signature album: The Other Side Of Round Midnight. Signature song: Round Midnight; Stan Getz (with Charlie Byrd on guitar): Signature Album: Jazz Samba; Signature song: Desafinado Brianne – A Full Circle Rainbow over Norway Kathy – Frozen soap bubbles Rich – It's Turtles All the Way Down in the Fossil Record by Asher Elbein Vincent – Vincent's Top Ten Music Listener Picks Charles – Wayne Bergeron and Vince DiMartino MacArthur Park Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In his weekly clinical update Dr. Griffin discusses modelling the adjustment of COVID-19 response and exit from dynamic zero-COVID in China, canine real-time detection of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the context of a mass screening event, two masks can be worse than one: N95 respirator failure caused by an overlying face mask, airflow patterns in double-occupancy patient rooms may contribute to roommate-to-roommate transmission of severe SARS-CoV-2, clinical validation of a novel T-Cell receptor sequencing assay for identification of recent or prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sub-lineages is reduced in convalescent sera, regardless of the infecting variant, VV116 versus Nirmatrelvir–Ritonavir for oral treatment of Covid-19, Nirmatrelvir plus Ritonavir for early COVID-19 in a U.S. health system, Molnupiravir plus usual care versus usual care alone as early treatment for adults with COVID-19 at increased risk of adverse outcomes, higher dose corticosteroids in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with hypoxia but not requiring ventilatory support, FDA approves Roche's Actemra (tocilizumab) for the treatment of COVID-19 in hospitalized adults, structural brain changes in post-acute COVID-19 patients with persistent olfactory dysfunction, persistent post–COVID-19 smell loss is associated with immune cell infiltration and altered gene expression in olfactory epithelium, epidemiology of long COVID in US adults, persistent symptoms and sequelae after SARS-CoV-2 infection not requiring hospitalization, and outpatient treatment of Covid-19 with metformin, ivermectin, and fluvoxamine and the development of Long Covid over 10-month follow-up. Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Modeling the adjustment of COVID-19 response and exit in China (Nature) Canine real-time detection of SARS-CoV-2 infections in mass screening events (BMJ) N95 respirator failure caused by an overlying face mask (ICHE) Airflow in patient rooms may contribute to transmission of severe SARS-CoV-2 (CID) Clinical validation of a T-Cell receptor for identification of recent or prior SARS-CoV-2 infection (CID) Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sub-lineages (Cell) VV116 vs. Nirmatrelvir–Ritonavir for oral treatment of Covid-19 (NEJM) Nirmatrelvir plus Ritonavir for early COVID-19 in a U.S. health system (ACP) Molnupiravir as early treatment for adults with COVID-19 (The Lancet) Higher dose corticosteroids in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with hypoxia but not requiring ventilatory support (medRxiv) FDA approves Tocilizumab for the treatment of COVID-19 in hospitalized adults (Roche) Structural brain changes in post-acute COVID-19 patients with olfactory dysfunction (Annals) Paxlovid patient eligbiliity screening checklist (FDA) Persistent post–COVID-19 smell loss association (Science) Epidemiology of long COVID in US adults (CID) Persistent symptoms & sequelae after SARS-CoV-2 infection not requiring hospitalization (OFID) Outpatient treatment of COVID-19 with metformin, ivermectin, and fluvoxamine & the development of long COVID (medRxiv) Contribute to our MicrobeTV fundraiser at PWB Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf) Letters read on TWiV 970 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

Carl Zimmer visits the Incubator to record a wide-ranging conversation about COVID-19, including origins, vaccines, public health responses, and impact on society. Host: Vincent Racaniello Guest: Carl Zimmer Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

TWiV reviews eukaryotic viruses recovered from ancient permafrost, a mistake made by scientists on Omicron origins, and close relatives of MERS-CoV from bats that bind ACE2 for entry into cells. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Brianne Barker Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Support MicrobeTV with a Spike t-shirt (Vaccinated.us) with promo code MicrobeTV Positions with the Mosquito and Vector Control Division in Harris County Public Health (one and two) Ancient eukaryotic viruses from permafrost (bioRxiv) We made a mistake (Science) Bat MERS-like CoV bind ACE2 (Nature) Letters read on TWiV 968 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Dickson – Alto Saxophone: Paul Desmond/Cannonball Adderley/Charlie Parker/Randal Despommier: Paul Desmond: Signature album: Paul Desmond:The Complete RCA Victor Recordings (1961-1965). Signature song: Take Five (Dave Brubeck Quartet). Cannonball Adderley: Signature album: The Cannonball Adderley Quintet: Mercy, Mercy, Mercy. Signature song: Mercy, Mercy, Mercy. Charlie Parker (Bird): played in many groups: Signature album: Dizzy Gillespie and His Allstars. Signature song: A Night In Tunisia; Randal Despommier: Signature album: A Midsummer Odyssey. Signature song: I Hope It's Spring For You. Brianne – How a See-Through Frog Hides its Red Blood from Predators (also covered in The Atlantic) Rich – Mindfulness in Plain English by Ven. Henepola Gunaratana Vincent – Unveiling skin macrophage dynamics explains both tattoo persistence and strenuous removal Listener Picks Rona – WKCR, FM 89.9 Columbia's radio station Alan – XKCD Proxy Variable Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In his weekly clinical update Dr. Griffin discusses how immunological dysfunction persists for 8 months following initial mild-to-moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection, prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza coinfection and clinical characteristics among children and adolescents aged Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Immunological dysfunction persists for 8 months following SARS-CoV-2 infection (Nature) Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza coinfection and clinical characteristics (CDC) WHO estimates of excess mortality associated with the COVID-19 pandemic (Nature) Reconsideration of anti-nucleocapsid IgG antibody as a marker of SARS-CoV-2 infection (OFID) Impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on inpatient clinical outcome (CID) Clinical features and burden of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (OFID) Similar SARS-CoV-2 Ct value distributions in samples from symptomatic children (JPIDS) Early estimates of bivalent mRNA vaccine effectiveness in preventing COVID-19 (CDC) Effect of Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir vs placebo on COVID-19─Related hospitalizations (OFID) COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma outpatient therapy to prevent outpatient hospitalization (MedRxiv) Bacterial co-infection and empirical antibiotic therapy in patients with COVID-19 (OFID) Association of time to surgery after COVID-19 infection (JAMA) Demonstration of stable clusters of symptoms in long COVID (OFID) Paxlovid patient eligbiliity screening checklist (FDA) Longitudinal analysis of T cells in COVID-19 survivors with post-acute sequelae (OFID) Contribute to our MicrobeTV fundraiser at PWB Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf) Letters read on TWiV 967 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

Vincent travels to the NIH campus to speak with Jeffery Taubenberger about his career, the 1918 influenza pandemic, deciphering the genome sequence of the virus from tissues of disease victims and using it to rescue infectious virus. Host: Vincent Racaniello Guest: Jeffery Taubenberger Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Support MicrobeTV with a Spike t-shirt (Vaccinated.us) with promo code MicrobeTV Influenza 1918 pandemic questions answered (Sci Transl Med) Reconstructed 1918 influenza virus (Science) Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

Brazilian infectious diseases physician Esper Kallas returns to TWiV to discuss the state of viral diseases in his country, including those cause by Zika, dengue, and yellow fever viruses, MPOX, and SARS-CoV-2. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello and Alan Dove Guest: Esper Kallas Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Support MicrobeTV with a Spike t-shirt (Vaccinated.us) with promo code MicrobeTV International Scientific Coordinator Position (agajewski at icsnicaragua.org for more info) Viral kinetics in sylvatic yellow fever (J Inf Dis) Safety and efficacy of Butanan-DV (Lancet Inf Dis) Immune responses to CoronaVac (Front Immunol) Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Alan – A Voyage for Madmen Vincent – Some favorite holiday cookies: pignoli cookies and pfeffernusse Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In his weekly clinical update Dr. Griffin discusses Dr. Griffin discusses progress toward poliomyelitis eradication in Afghanistan, reduced risk for Mpox after receipt of 1 or 2 doses of JYNNEOS vaccine compared with risk among unvaccinated persons, reduced airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 BA.1 Omicron virus in Syrian hamsters, authorized updated (Bivalent) COVID-19 vaccines for children down to 6 months of age, low neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2.75.2, BQ.1.1, and XBB.1 by parental mRNA vaccine or a BA.5-bivalent booster, efficacy of antiviral agents against omicron subvariants BQ.1.1 and XBB, incidence of viral rebound after treatment with Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir and Molnupiravir, and the effectiveness of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine in the prevention of post–COVID-19 conditions. Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Progress toward Poliomyelitis eradication in Afghanistan (CDC) Reduced risk for Mpox after receipt of 1 or 2 Doses of JYNNEOS vaccine (CDC) Reduced airborne transmission of BA.1 Omicron virus in Syrian hamsters (PLOS) Authorized bivalent vaccines for children down to 6 months of age (FDA) Low neutralization of BA.2.75.2, BQ.1.1, and XBB.1 by parental mRNA vaccine (Nature) Efficacy of antiviral agents against Omicron subvariants BQ.1.1 and XBB (NEJM) Viral rebound after treatment with Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir and Molnupiravir (JAMA) Paxlovid patient eligbiliity screening checklist (FDA) Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in prevention of post–infection conditions (ASHE) Contribute to our MicrobeTV fundraiser at PWB Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf) Letters read on TWiV 964 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

Vincent travels to Cornell University to speak with Gary Whittaker about regulation by proteolytic processing of the fusion activity of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, and feline coronavirus transmission, replication and disease. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello Guest: Gary Whittaker Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode SARS-CoV-2 spike and its furin cleavage site (Lancet Microbe) TMPRSS2 inhibitor blocks SARS-CoV-2 reproduction (Nature) Distinct spike proteins of feline coronaviruses (Viruses) Feline coronavirus and feline infectious peritonitis (J Zoo Wild Med) Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

Paul Offit returns to TWiV to discuss why the bivalent booster dosing story should be a cautionary tale of how not to move forward in this pandemic. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello and Rich Condit Guest: Paul Offit Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Antibody responses to bivalent booster (bioRxiv) Immunogenicity of bivalent vaccine (bioRxiv) Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv