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The Rollup

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Aug 28, 2024 • 44min

What is a ZK coprocessor and what onchain apps do they enable?

Join us for a discussion about ZK coprocessor and what onchain apps do they enable. Participants: Ismael Hishon-Rezaizadeh from Lagrange Mo from Brevis Felipe Argento from Cartesi Website: https://therollup.co/ Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/1P6ZeYd.. Podcast: https://therollup.co/category/podcast Follow us on X: https://www.x.com/therollupco Follow Rob on X: https://www.x.com/robbie_rollup Follow Andy on X: https://www.x.com/ayyyeandy Join our TG group: https://t.me/+8ARkR_YZixE5YjBh The Rollup Disclosures: https://therollup.co/the-rollup-discl 𝗗𝗜𝗊𝗖𝗟𝗔𝗜𝗠𝗘𝗥: 𝘐𝘯𝘷𝘊𝘎𝘵𝘪𝘯𝘚 𝘪𝘯 𝘀𝘳𝘺𝘱𝘵𝘰𝘀𝘶𝘳𝘳𝘊𝘯𝘀𝘺 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘋𝘊𝘍𝘪 𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘮𝘎 𝘀𝘰𝘮𝘊𝘎 𝘞𝘪𝘵𝘩 𝘪𝘯𝘩𝘊𝘳𝘊𝘯𝘵 𝘳𝘪𝘎𝘬𝘎 𝘪𝘯𝘀𝘭𝘶𝘥𝘪𝘯𝘚 𝘵𝘊𝘀𝘩𝘯𝘪𝘀𝘢𝘭 𝘳𝘪𝘎𝘬, 𝘩𝘶𝘮𝘢𝘯 𝘊𝘳𝘳𝘰𝘳, 𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘮 𝘧𝘢𝘪𝘭𝘶𝘳𝘊 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘮𝘰𝘳𝘊. 𝘈𝘵 𝘀𝘊𝘳𝘵𝘢𝘪𝘯 𝘱𝘰𝘪𝘯𝘵𝘎 𝘵𝘩𝘳𝘰𝘶𝘚𝘩𝘰𝘶𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘎 𝘀𝘩𝘢𝘯𝘯𝘊𝘭, 𝘞𝘊 𝘮𝘢𝘺 𝘊𝘢𝘳𝘯 𝘢 𝘀𝘰𝘮𝘮𝘪𝘎𝘎𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘳 𝘧𝘊𝘊 𝘢𝘎 𝘢 𝘎𝘱𝘰𝘯𝘎𝘰𝘳𝘎𝘩𝘪𝘱, 𝘪𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘎 𝘪𝘎 𝘵𝘩𝘊 𝘀𝘢𝘎𝘊 𝘞𝘊 𝘞𝘪𝘭𝘭 𝘢𝘭𝘞𝘢𝘺𝘎 𝘮𝘢𝘬𝘊 𝘎𝘶𝘳𝘊 𝘪𝘵 𝘪𝘎 𝘀𝘭𝘊𝘢𝘳. 𝘞𝘊 𝘢𝘳𝘊 𝘎𝘵𝘳𝘪𝘀𝘵𝘭𝘺 𝘢𝘯 𝘊𝘥𝘶𝘀𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘢𝘭 𝘀𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘊𝘯𝘵 𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘮, 𝘯𝘰𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘯𝘚 𝘞𝘊 𝘰𝘧𝘧𝘊𝘳 𝘪𝘎 𝘧𝘪𝘯𝘢𝘯𝘀𝘪𝘢𝘭 𝘢𝘥𝘷𝘪𝘀𝘊. 𝘞𝘊 𝘢𝘳𝘊 𝘯𝘰𝘵 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘧𝘊𝘎𝘎𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘢𝘭𝘎 𝘰𝘳 𝘭𝘪𝘀𝘊𝘯𝘎𝘊𝘥 𝘢𝘥𝘷𝘪𝘎𝘰𝘳𝘎.
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Aug 28, 2024 • 53min

How To Navigate The Volatile Crypto Markets

A bit of a different vibe from our typical technical content as we dive into the perspective of one of the most well known crypto funds, built by Arthur Hayes, ex-CEO of BitMEX. If you've been in the space for a while, you know that market swings are extremely frequent and can be quite volatile. The key to thriving in this environment isn’t about trying to predict the next big move but about understanding how to manage risk, maintain discipline, and stay informed...which is easier said than done. None of this content is to be perceived as financial advice, but we did talk more about markets than we usually do. In our conversation, we explore the transition from BitMEX’s meteoric rise to its current focus, as competition from new market entrants like Binance and FTX reshaped the landscape. Akshat reminisces about the unique, egalitarian culture at BitMEX, where humility and inclusivity were the foundations of success. We'll also talk about philosophy and strategy of Maelstorm. Akshat explains how they’re building a 100-year portfolio, targeting early-stage crypto projects that align with their pillars of entropy, trustless decentralization, and new models for internet monetization. The time horizon on these investments was really interesting and shifted our perspective away from typical 3-5 year cyclical journey. Enjoy this deep dive into the thought process of a successful fund manager in the volatile crypto space. Website: https://therollup.co/ Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/1P6ZeYd.. Podcast: https://therollup.co/category/podcast Follow us on X: https://www.x.com/therollupco Follow Rob on X: https://www.x.com/robbie_rollup Follow Andy on X: https://www.x.com/ayyyeandy Join our TG group: https://t.me/+8ARkR_YZixE5YjBh The Rollup Disclosures: https://therollup.co/the-rollup-discl 𝗗𝗜𝗊𝗖𝗟𝗔𝗜𝗠𝗘𝗥: 𝘐𝘯𝘷𝘊𝘎𝘵𝘪𝘯𝘚 𝘪𝘯 𝘀𝘳𝘺𝘱𝘵𝘰𝘀𝘶𝘳𝘳𝘊𝘯𝘀𝘺 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘋𝘊𝘍𝘪 𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘮𝘎 𝘀𝘰𝘮𝘊𝘎 𝘞𝘪𝘵𝘩 𝘪𝘯𝘩𝘊𝘳𝘊𝘯𝘵 𝘳𝘪𝘎𝘬𝘎 𝘪𝘯𝘀𝘭𝘶𝘥𝘪𝘯𝘚 𝘵𝘊𝘀𝘩𝘯𝘪𝘀𝘢𝘭 𝘳𝘪𝘎𝘬, 𝘩𝘶𝘮𝘢𝘯 𝘊𝘳𝘳𝘰𝘳, 𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘮 𝘧𝘢𝘪𝘭𝘶𝘳𝘊 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘮𝘰𝘳𝘊. 𝘈𝘵 𝘀𝘊𝘳𝘵𝘢𝘪𝘯 𝘱𝘰𝘪𝘯𝘵𝘎 𝘵𝘩𝘳𝘰𝘶𝘚𝘩𝘰𝘶𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘎 𝘀𝘩𝘢𝘯𝘯𝘊𝘭, 𝘞𝘊 𝘮𝘢𝘺 𝘊𝘢𝘳𝘯 𝘢 𝘀𝘰𝘮𝘮𝘪𝘎𝘎𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘳 𝘧𝘊𝘊 𝘢𝘎 𝘢 𝘎𝘱𝘰𝘯𝘎𝘰𝘳𝘎𝘩𝘪𝘱, 𝘪𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘎 𝘪𝘎 𝘵𝘩𝘊 𝘀𝘢𝘎𝘊 𝘞𝘊 𝘞𝘪𝘭𝘭 𝘢𝘭𝘞𝘢𝘺𝘎 𝘮𝘢𝘬𝘊 𝘎𝘶𝘳𝘊 𝘪𝘵 𝘪𝘎 𝘀𝘭𝘊𝘢𝘳. 𝘞𝘊 𝘢𝘳𝘊 𝘎𝘵𝘳𝘪𝘀𝘵𝘭𝘺 𝘢𝘯 𝘊𝘥𝘶𝘀𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘢𝘭 𝘀𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘊𝘯𝘵 𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘮, 𝘯𝘰𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘯𝘚 𝘞𝘊 𝘰𝘧𝘧𝘊𝘳 𝘪𝘎 𝘧𝘪𝘯𝘢𝘯𝘀𝘪𝘢𝘭 𝘢𝘥𝘷𝘪𝘀𝘊. 𝘞𝘊 𝘢𝘳𝘊 𝘯𝘰𝘵 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘧𝘊𝘎𝘎𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘢𝘭𝘎 𝘰𝘳 𝘭𝘪𝘀𝘊𝘯𝘎𝘊𝘥 𝘢𝘥𝘷𝘪𝘎𝘰𝘳𝘎.
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Aug 23, 2024 • 49min

DeFi on High TPS Modular Appchains

Join us for a discussion about DeFi on High TPS Modular Appchains with Simon Jones of Reya and Cedo Salah of StorkOracle. Website: https://therollup.co/ Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/1P6ZeYd.. Podcast: https://therollup.co/category/podcast Follow us on X: https://www.x.com/therollupco Follow Rob on X: https://www.x.com/robbie_rollup Follow Andy on X: https://www.x.com/ayyyeandy Join our TG group: https://t.me/+8ARkR_YZixE5YjBh The Rollup Disclosures: https://therollup.co/the-rollup-discl 𝗗𝗜𝗊𝗖𝗟𝗔𝗜𝗠𝗘𝗥: 𝘐𝘯𝘷𝘊𝘎𝘵𝘪𝘯𝘚 𝘪𝘯 𝘀𝘳𝘺𝘱𝘵𝘰𝘀𝘶𝘳𝘳𝘊𝘯𝘀𝘺 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘋𝘊𝘍𝘪 𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘮𝘎 𝘀𝘰𝘮𝘊𝘎 𝘞𝘪𝘵𝘩 𝘪𝘯𝘩𝘊𝘳𝘊𝘯𝘵 𝘳𝘪𝘎𝘬𝘎 𝘪𝘯𝘀𝘭𝘶𝘥𝘪𝘯𝘚 𝘵𝘊𝘀𝘩𝘯𝘪𝘀𝘢𝘭 𝘳𝘪𝘎𝘬, 𝘩𝘶𝘮𝘢𝘯 𝘊𝘳𝘳𝘰𝘳, 𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘮 𝘧𝘢𝘪𝘭𝘶𝘳𝘊 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘮𝘰𝘳𝘊. 𝘈𝘵 𝘀𝘊𝘳𝘵𝘢𝘪𝘯 𝘱𝘰𝘪𝘯𝘵𝘎 𝘵𝘩𝘳𝘰𝘶𝘚𝘩𝘰𝘶𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘎 𝘀𝘩𝘢𝘯𝘯𝘊𝘭, 𝘞𝘊 𝘮𝘢𝘺 𝘊𝘢𝘳𝘯 𝘢 𝘀𝘰𝘮𝘮𝘪𝘎𝘎𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘳 𝘧𝘊𝘊 𝘢𝘎 𝘢 𝘎𝘱𝘰𝘯𝘎𝘰𝘳𝘎𝘩𝘪𝘱, 𝘪𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘎 𝘪𝘎 𝘵𝘩𝘊 𝘀𝘢𝘎𝘊 𝘞𝘊 𝘞𝘪𝘭𝘭 𝘢𝘭𝘞𝘢𝘺𝘎 𝘮𝘢𝘬𝘊 𝘎𝘶𝘳𝘊 𝘪𝘵 𝘪𝘎 𝘀𝘭𝘊𝘢𝘳. 𝘞𝘊 𝘢𝘳𝘊 𝘎𝘵𝘳𝘪𝘀𝘵𝘭𝘺 𝘢𝘯 𝘊𝘥𝘶𝘀𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘢𝘭 𝘀𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘊𝘯𝘵 𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘮, 𝘯𝘰𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘯𝘚 𝘞𝘊 𝘰𝘧𝘧𝘊𝘳 𝘪𝘎 𝘧𝘪𝘯𝘢𝘯𝘀𝘪𝘢𝘭 𝘢𝘥𝘷𝘪𝘀𝘊. 𝘞𝘊 𝘢𝘳𝘊 𝘯𝘰𝘵 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘧𝘊𝘎𝘎𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘢𝘭𝘎 𝘰𝘳 𝘭𝘪𝘀𝘊𝘯𝘎𝘊𝘥 𝘢𝘥𝘷𝘪𝘎𝘰𝘳𝘎.
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Aug 23, 2024 • 54min

A Friendly Debate About Bitcoin Scaling

When we originally drew this piece up, we were thinking to make it solely about Bitcoin blockspace (as shown in the thumbnail), but this debate stretched a vast number of topics. In today's piece, we’re diving into the nuanced evolution of Bitcoin, from its foundational role as digital gold to its potential as a robust platform for onchain applications. Bitcoin’s narrative is shifting, but its core principles remain strong. Our conversation with Rena Shah, COO of Stacks, and Rich Rines, a core contributor at CoreDAO, explores the tension between keeping Bitcoin’s base layer ossified and the need for subtle innovation to maintain its relevance in the ever-evolving DeFi landscape. From the debate on block size to the emergence of L2 solutions like Stacks and Core, this discussion touches on critical points that could shape Bitcoin’s future. Rena and Rich also delve into the importance of economic alignment and decentralized yield sources, which could be key to unlocking the next wave of Bitcoin DeFi. We all agreed that ETFs and BlackRock controlling more BTC supply is a bad thing. But, they found room to disagree on nuances that were important to discuss. As we unpack these insights, we’ll consider what it means for Bitcoin to balance security, innovation, and utility in a space that is filled with many political, economic, and social coordination concerns. Very fun episode, and perfect for a Friday. Enjoy! Website: https://therollup.co/ Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/1P6ZeYd.. Podcast: https://therollup.co/category/podcast Follow us on X: https://www.x.com/therollupco Follow Rob on X: https://www.x.com/robbie_rollup Follow Andy on X: https://www.x.com/ayyyeandy Join our TG group: https://t.me/+8ARkR_YZixE5YjBh The Rollup Disclosures: https://therollup.co/the-rollup-discl 𝗗𝗜𝗊𝗖𝗟𝗔𝗜𝗠𝗘𝗥: 𝘐𝘯𝘷𝘊𝘎𝘵𝘪𝘯𝘚 𝘪𝘯 𝘀𝘳𝘺𝘱𝘵𝘰𝘀𝘶𝘳𝘳𝘊𝘯𝘀𝘺 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘋𝘊𝘍𝘪 𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘮𝘎 𝘀𝘰𝘮𝘊𝘎 𝘞𝘪𝘵𝘩 𝘪𝘯𝘩𝘊𝘳𝘊𝘯𝘵 𝘳𝘪𝘎𝘬𝘎 𝘪𝘯𝘀𝘭𝘶𝘥𝘪𝘯𝘚 𝘵𝘊𝘀𝘩𝘯𝘪𝘀𝘢𝘭 𝘳𝘪𝘎𝘬, 𝘩𝘶𝘮𝘢𝘯 𝘊𝘳𝘳𝘰𝘳, 𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘮 𝘧𝘢𝘪𝘭𝘶𝘳𝘊 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘮𝘰𝘳𝘊. 𝘈𝘵 𝘀𝘊𝘳𝘵𝘢𝘪𝘯 𝘱𝘰𝘪𝘯𝘵𝘎 𝘵𝘩𝘳𝘰𝘶𝘚𝘩𝘰𝘶𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘎 𝘀𝘩𝘢𝘯𝘯𝘊𝘭, 𝘞𝘊 𝘮𝘢𝘺 𝘊𝘢𝘳𝘯 𝘢 𝘀𝘰𝘮𝘮𝘪𝘎𝘎𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘳 𝘧𝘊𝘊 𝘢𝘎 𝘢 𝘎𝘱𝘰𝘯𝘎𝘰𝘳𝘎𝘩𝘪𝘱, 𝘪𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘎 𝘪𝘎 𝘵𝘩𝘊 𝘀𝘢𝘎𝘊 𝘞𝘊 𝘞𝘪𝘭𝘭 𝘢𝘭𝘞𝘢𝘺𝘎 𝘮𝘢𝘬𝘊 𝘎𝘶𝘳𝘊 𝘪𝘵 𝘪𝘎 𝘀𝘭𝘊𝘢𝘳. 𝘞𝘊 𝘢𝘳𝘊 𝘎𝘵𝘳𝘪𝘀𝘵𝘭𝘺 𝘢𝘯 𝘊𝘥𝘶𝘀𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘢𝘭 𝘀𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘊𝘯𝘵 𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘮, 𝘯𝘰𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘯𝘚 𝘞𝘊 𝘰𝘧𝘧𝘊𝘳 𝘪𝘎 𝘧𝘪𝘯𝘢𝘯𝘀𝘪𝘢𝘭 𝘢𝘥𝘷𝘪𝘀𝘊. 𝘞𝘊 𝘢𝘳𝘊 𝘯𝘰𝘵 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘧𝘊𝘎𝘎𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘢𝘭𝘎 𝘰𝘳 𝘭𝘪𝘀𝘊𝘯𝘎𝘊𝘥 𝘢𝘥𝘷𝘪𝘎𝘰𝘳𝘎.
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Aug 21, 2024 • 49min

Data In The Modular Stack

Join us for an indepth discussion about Data In The Modular Stack with: Ganesh Swami from Covalent Kimura Yu from Sunrise Ram from Openledger Kenny from Manta Network Kyle Rojas from Avail Website: https://therollup.co/ Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/1P6ZeYd.. Podcast: https://therollup.co/category/podcast Follow us on X: https://www.x.com/therollupco Follow Rob on X: https://www.x.com/robbie_rollup Follow Andy on X: https://www.x.com/ayyyeandy Join our TG group: https://t.me/+8ARkR_YZixE5YjBh The Rollup Disclosures: https://therollup.co/the-rollup-discl 𝗗𝗜𝗊𝗖𝗟𝗔𝗜𝗠𝗘𝗥: 𝘐𝘯𝘷𝘊𝘎𝘵𝘪𝘯𝘚 𝘪𝘯 𝘀𝘳𝘺𝘱𝘵𝘰𝘀𝘶𝘳𝘳𝘊𝘯𝘀𝘺 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘋𝘊𝘍𝘪 𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘮𝘎 𝘀𝘰𝘮𝘊𝘎 𝘞𝘪𝘵𝘩 𝘪𝘯𝘩𝘊𝘳𝘊𝘯𝘵 𝘳𝘪𝘎𝘬𝘎 𝘪𝘯𝘀𝘭𝘶𝘥𝘪𝘯𝘚 𝘵𝘊𝘀𝘩𝘯𝘪𝘀𝘢𝘭 𝘳𝘪𝘎𝘬, 𝘩𝘶𝘮𝘢𝘯 𝘊𝘳𝘳𝘰𝘳, 𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘮 𝘧𝘢𝘪𝘭𝘶𝘳𝘊 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘮𝘰𝘳𝘊. 𝘈𝘵 𝘀𝘊𝘳𝘵𝘢𝘪𝘯 𝘱𝘰𝘪𝘯𝘵𝘎 𝘵𝘩𝘳𝘰𝘶𝘚𝘩𝘰𝘶𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘎 𝘀𝘩𝘢𝘯𝘯𝘊𝘭, 𝘞𝘊 𝘮𝘢𝘺 𝘊𝘢𝘳𝘯 𝘢 𝘀𝘰𝘮𝘮𝘪𝘎𝘎𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘳 𝘧𝘊𝘊 𝘢𝘎 𝘢 𝘎𝘱𝘰𝘯𝘎𝘰𝘳𝘎𝘩𝘪𝘱, 𝘪𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘎 𝘪𝘎 𝘵𝘩𝘊 𝘀𝘢𝘎𝘊 𝘞𝘊 𝘞𝘪𝘭𝘭 𝘢𝘭𝘞𝘢𝘺𝘎 𝘮𝘢𝘬𝘊 𝘎𝘶𝘳𝘊 𝘪𝘵 𝘪𝘎 𝘀𝘭𝘊𝘢𝘳. 𝘞𝘊 𝘢𝘳𝘊 𝘎𝘵𝘳𝘪𝘀𝘵𝘭𝘺 𝘢𝘯 𝘊𝘥𝘶𝘀𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘢𝘭 𝘀𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘊𝘯𝘵 𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘮, 𝘯𝘰𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘯𝘚 𝘞𝘊 𝘰𝘧𝘧𝘊𝘳 𝘪𝘎 𝘧𝘪𝘯𝘢𝘯𝘀𝘪𝘢𝘭 𝘢𝘥𝘷𝘪𝘀𝘊. 𝘞𝘊 𝘢𝘳𝘊 𝘯𝘰𝘵 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘧𝘊𝘎𝘎𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘢𝘭𝘎 𝘰𝘳 𝘭𝘪𝘀𝘊𝘯𝘎𝘊𝘥 𝘢𝘥𝘷𝘪𝘎𝘰𝘳𝘎.
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Aug 20, 2024 • 44min

Why Galxe Is Launching Their Own Chain

We've been discussing chain abstraction as the next logical step for the modular ecosystem for some time now. Today, Gravity, the new chain launched by Galxe, is ready to take this challenge on as well. By integrating over 35 different chains, Galxe has long been a key player in the ecosystem, but with Gravity, they are launching their modular appchain. This new Layer 2 solution, which aims to eventually evolve into a Layer 1, is built on the Arbitrum Nitro stack, and Eigenlayer restaked ETH for economic security. One of the most compelling aspects of Gravity is its focus on chain abstraction. The goal here is to create a seamless environment where users submit intents through an AI agent and don’t worry about which chain they’re on or the technicalities of cross-chain transactions. Gravity’s tech stack, which includes the Rust-based ETH EVM (RETH) for fast finality and high throughput means users experience real time fulfillment of intents. This is an interesting time for the rollup ecosystem. Galxe is one of the biggest brand names launching their own chain, which further validates the appchain thesis. Website: https://therollup.co/ Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/1P6ZeYd.. Podcast: https://therollup.co/category/podcast Follow us on X: https://www.x.com/therollupco Follow Rob on X: https://www.x.com/robbie_rollup Follow Andy on X: https://www.x.com/ayyyeandy Join our TG group: https://t.me/+8ARkR_YZixE5YjBh The Rollup Disclosures: https://therollup.co/the-rollup-discl 𝗗𝗜𝗊𝗖𝗟𝗔𝗜𝗠𝗘𝗥: 𝘐𝘯𝘷𝘊𝘎𝘵𝘪𝘯𝘚 𝘪𝘯 𝘀𝘳𝘺𝘱𝘵𝘰𝘀𝘶𝘳𝘳𝘊𝘯𝘀𝘺 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘋𝘊𝘍𝘪 𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘮𝘎 𝘀𝘰𝘮𝘊𝘎 𝘞𝘪𝘵𝘩 𝘪𝘯𝘩𝘊𝘳𝘊𝘯𝘵 𝘳𝘪𝘎𝘬𝘎 𝘪𝘯𝘀𝘭𝘶𝘥𝘪𝘯𝘚 𝘵𝘊𝘀𝘩𝘯𝘪𝘀𝘢𝘭 𝘳𝘪𝘎𝘬, 𝘩𝘶𝘮𝘢𝘯 𝘊𝘳𝘳𝘰𝘳, 𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘮 𝘧𝘢𝘪𝘭𝘶𝘳𝘊 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘮𝘰𝘳𝘊. 𝘈𝘵 𝘀𝘊𝘳𝘵𝘢𝘪𝘯 𝘱𝘰𝘪𝘯𝘵𝘎 𝘵𝘩𝘳𝘰𝘶𝘚𝘩𝘰𝘶𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘎 𝘀𝘩𝘢𝘯𝘯𝘊𝘭, 𝘞𝘊 𝘮𝘢𝘺 𝘊𝘢𝘳𝘯 𝘢 𝘀𝘰𝘮𝘮𝘪𝘎𝘎𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘳 𝘧𝘊𝘊 𝘢𝘎 𝘢 𝘎𝘱𝘰𝘯𝘎𝘰𝘳𝘎𝘩𝘪𝘱, 𝘪𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘎 𝘪𝘎 𝘵𝘩𝘊 𝘀𝘢𝘎𝘊 𝘞𝘊 𝘞𝘪𝘭𝘭 𝘢𝘭𝘞𝘢𝘺𝘎 𝘮𝘢𝘬𝘊 𝘎𝘶𝘳𝘊 𝘪𝘵 𝘪𝘎 𝘀𝘭𝘊𝘢𝘳. 𝘞𝘊 𝘢𝘳𝘊 𝘎𝘵𝘳𝘪𝘀𝘵𝘭𝘺 𝘢𝘯 𝘊𝘥𝘶𝘀𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘢𝘭 𝘀𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘊𝘯𝘵 𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘮, 𝘯𝘰𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘯𝘚 𝘞𝘊 𝘰𝘧𝘧𝘊𝘳 𝘪𝘎 𝘧𝘪𝘯𝘢𝘯𝘀𝘪𝘢𝘭 𝘢𝘥𝘷𝘪𝘀𝘊. 𝘞𝘊 𝘢𝘳𝘊 𝘯𝘰𝘵 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘧𝘊𝘎𝘎𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘢𝘭𝘎 𝘰𝘳 𝘭𝘪𝘀𝘊𝘯𝘎𝘊𝘥 𝘢𝘥𝘷𝘪𝘎𝘰𝘳𝘎.
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Aug 19, 2024 • 52min

WTF is MEV? Pre-Confs & MEV Commit Explained

MEV is how some VCs value Layer 1 blockchains, its how "sandwich attacks" happen onchain, and its sometimes toxic. Although, we've found that "toxic flow" is really just profitable user trading onchain...that's a conversation for another day though. MEV has evolved from its early days as "Miner Extractable Value," a term that felt relevant in a proof-of-work world, to "Maximal Extractable Value," a crucial component embedded within Ethereum’s economic fabric. As block production on Ethereum became centralized—a trade-off to support a decentralized validator set—the discussion has shifted towards ensuring that this centralization doesn’t compromise the core decentralized ethos. This is where things get a bit spicy. In today's pod with Murat from Primev, we discuss the ability for users to receive pre-confs for their transactions, ensuring not just their inclusion in a block but also their execution (this is the big discrepancy). We first met Murat at Modular Summit with Tarun Chitra, where we learned about MEV commit on an iPad whiteboard diagram. We’re also seeing a broader discussion unfold around the idea of multiple concurrent proposers, a proposal that could further decentralize block proposal power and potentially reduce censorship. Primev’s MEV Commit fits neatly into this narrative by building on top of existing infrastructure like MEV Boost, without requiring drastic changes, and offering additional layers of security and efficiency. Testnet results are already showing promise, with MEV Commit adding up to 10% more value to blocks, which translates to higher rewards for validators and, ultimately, a more secure network. MEV Commit is reshaping how we think about gas markets, private order flow, and the overall efficiency of the Ethereum network. Pretty technical pod, hope you enjoy! Website: https://therollup.co/ Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/1P6ZeYd.. Podcast: https://therollup.co/category/podcast Follow us on X: https://www.x.com/therollupco Follow Rob on X: https://www.x.com/robbie_rollup Follow Andy on X: https://www.x.com/ayyyeandy Join our TG group: https://t.me/+8ARkR_YZixE5YjBh The Rollup Disclosures: https://therollup.co/the-rollup-discl 𝗗𝗜𝗊𝗖𝗟𝗔𝗜𝗠𝗘𝗥: 𝘐𝘯𝘷𝘊𝘎𝘵𝘪𝘯𝘚 𝘪𝘯 𝘀𝘳𝘺𝘱𝘵𝘰𝘀𝘶𝘳𝘳𝘊𝘯𝘀𝘺 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘋𝘊𝘍𝘪 𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘮𝘎 𝘀𝘰𝘮𝘊𝘎 𝘞𝘪𝘵𝘩 𝘪𝘯𝘩𝘊𝘳𝘊𝘯𝘵 𝘳𝘪𝘎𝘬𝘎 𝘪𝘯𝘀𝘭𝘶𝘥𝘪𝘯𝘚 𝘵𝘊𝘀𝘩𝘯𝘪𝘀𝘢𝘭 𝘳𝘪𝘎𝘬, 𝘩𝘶𝘮𝘢𝘯 𝘊𝘳𝘳𝘰𝘳, 𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘮 𝘧𝘢𝘪𝘭𝘶𝘳𝘊 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘮𝘰𝘳𝘊. 𝘈𝘵 𝘀𝘊𝘳𝘵𝘢𝘪𝘯 𝘱𝘰𝘪𝘯𝘵𝘎 𝘵𝘩𝘳𝘰𝘶𝘚𝘩𝘰𝘶𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘎 𝘀𝘩𝘢𝘯𝘯𝘊𝘭, 𝘞𝘊 𝘮𝘢𝘺 𝘊𝘢𝘳𝘯 𝘢 𝘀𝘰𝘮𝘮𝘪𝘎𝘎𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘳 𝘧𝘊𝘊 𝘢𝘎 𝘢 𝘎𝘱𝘰𝘯𝘎𝘰𝘳𝘎𝘩𝘪𝘱, 𝘪𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘎 𝘪𝘎 𝘵𝘩𝘊 𝘀𝘢𝘎𝘊 𝘞𝘊 𝘞𝘪𝘭𝘭 𝘢𝘭𝘞𝘢𝘺𝘎 𝘮𝘢𝘬𝘊 𝘎𝘶𝘳𝘊 𝘪𝘵 𝘪𝘎 𝘀𝘭𝘊𝘢𝘳. 𝘞𝘊 𝘢𝘳𝘊 𝘎𝘵𝘳𝘪𝘀𝘵𝘭𝘺 𝘢𝘯 𝘊𝘥𝘶𝘀𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘢𝘭 𝘀𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘊𝘯𝘵 𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘮, 𝘯𝘰𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘯𝘚 𝘞𝘊 𝘰𝘧𝘧𝘊𝘳 𝘪𝘎 𝘧𝘪𝘯𝘢𝘯𝘀𝘪𝘢𝘭 𝘢𝘥𝘷𝘪𝘀𝘊. 𝘞𝘊 𝘢𝘳𝘊 𝘯𝘰𝘵 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘧𝘊𝘎𝘎𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘢𝘭𝘎 𝘰𝘳 𝘭𝘪𝘀𝘊𝘯𝘎𝘊𝘥 𝘢𝘥𝘷𝘪𝘎𝘰𝘳𝘎.
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Aug 16, 2024 • 50min

How To Connect Ethereum's Rollup Clusters

Following yesterday's podcast detailing the "Why" we should care about building a connected future for Ethereum, we decided to follow it up with a detailed, technical video on the "How" it will be accomplished. Rollup clusters offer a promising way forward, and in this piece, we’re breaking down exactly how they work and which interoperability solutions are best suited for different jobs. One of our favorite sayings from the modular ecosystem is to "pick the best tool for the job" and we believe this extends to interoperability solutions as well. You can think of rollup clusters as the blockchain equivalent of virtual local area networks (LANs). Within these clusters, multiple rollups are densely connected, creating an environment where transactions can be executed quickly and efficiently. This is akin to how devices within a LAN communicate seamlessly with each other, enhancing the overall user experience within the cluster. One of the key distinctions to understand is the difference between intra-cluster and inter-cluster communication. Intra-cluster communication focuses on maximizing speed and atomic composability, ensuring that transactions are synchronized within the same block across all rollups in the cluster. This is particularly important for high-frequency trading and algorithmic applications, where even the slightest delay can have significant consequences. (Think about AI agents transacting in the future). On the other hand, inter-cluster communication prioritizes security and validity, accepting a bit more latency to provide stronger guarantees—similar to the evolution of long-distance communication on the internet. However, it’s not just about speed and composability. The current development of rollup clusters is also a balancing act between engineering feats and economic incentives. For these clusters to thrive, it’s not enough to just build technically impressive solutions; they also need to be economically viable for the rollups involved. This means decentralizing sequencers and creating shared infrastructure in a way that makes financial sense for the rollup operators themselves. We really enjoyed this chat with Bo from Polymer Labs, and Noah from Nodekit. The potential collaboration between SuperBuilder and Polymer’s IBC is a promising step in this direction, as it could enhance both intra- and inter-cluster communication by combining the strengths of atomic execution and async interoperability. Jump deep into the weeds with us on this one! Enjoy and happy Friday. Website: https://therollup.co/ Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/1P6ZeYd.. Podcast: https://therollup.co/category/podcast Follow us on X: https://www.x.com/therollupco Follow Rob on X: https://www.x.com/robbie_rollup Follow Andy on X: https://www.x.com/ayyyeandy Join our TG group: https://t.me/+8ARkR_YZixE5YjBh The Rollup Disclosures: https://therollup.co/the-rollup-discl 𝗗𝗜𝗊𝗖𝗟𝗔𝗜𝗠𝗘𝗥: 𝘐𝘯𝘷𝘊𝘎𝘵𝘪𝘯𝘚 𝘪𝘯 𝘀𝘳𝘺𝘱𝘵𝘰𝘀𝘶𝘳𝘳𝘊𝘯𝘀𝘺 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘋𝘊𝘍𝘪 𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘮𝘎 𝘀𝘰𝘮𝘊𝘎 𝘞𝘪𝘵𝘩 𝘪𝘯𝘩𝘊𝘳𝘊𝘯𝘵 𝘳𝘪𝘎𝘬𝘎 𝘪𝘯𝘀𝘭𝘶𝘥𝘪𝘯𝘚 𝘵𝘊𝘀𝘩𝘯𝘪𝘀𝘢𝘭 𝘳𝘪𝘎𝘬, 𝘩𝘶𝘮𝘢𝘯 𝘊𝘳𝘳𝘰𝘳, 𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘮 𝘧𝘢𝘪𝘭𝘶𝘳𝘊 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘮𝘰𝘳𝘊. 𝘈𝘵 𝘀𝘊𝘳𝘵𝘢𝘪𝘯 𝘱𝘰𝘪𝘯𝘵𝘎 𝘵𝘩𝘳𝘰𝘶𝘚𝘩𝘰𝘶𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘎 𝘀𝘩𝘢𝘯𝘯𝘊𝘭, 𝘞𝘊 𝘮𝘢𝘺 𝘊𝘢𝘳𝘯 𝘢 𝘀𝘰𝘮𝘮𝘪𝘎𝘎𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘳 𝘧𝘊𝘊 𝘢𝘎 𝘢 𝘎𝘱𝘰𝘯𝘎𝘰𝘳𝘎𝘩𝘪𝘱, 𝘪𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘎 𝘪𝘎 𝘵𝘩𝘊 𝘀𝘢𝘎𝘊 𝘞𝘊 𝘞𝘪𝘭𝘭 𝘢𝘭𝘞𝘢𝘺𝘎 𝘮𝘢𝘬𝘊 𝘎𝘶𝘳𝘊 𝘪𝘵 𝘪𝘎 𝘀𝘭𝘊𝘢𝘳. 𝘞𝘊 𝘢𝘳𝘊 𝘎𝘵𝘳𝘪𝘀𝘵𝘭𝘺 𝘢𝘯 𝘊𝘥𝘶𝘀𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘢𝘭 𝘀𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘊𝘯𝘵 𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘮, 𝘯𝘰𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘯𝘚 𝘞𝘊 𝘰𝘧𝘧𝘊𝘳 𝘪𝘎 𝘧𝘪𝘯𝘢𝘯𝘀𝘪𝘢𝘭 𝘢𝘥𝘷𝘪𝘀𝘊. 𝘞𝘊 𝘢𝘳𝘊 𝘯𝘰𝘵 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘧𝘊𝘎𝘎𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘢𝘭𝘎 𝘰𝘳 𝘭𝘪𝘀𝘊𝘯𝘎𝘊𝘥 𝘢𝘥𝘷𝘪𝘎𝘰𝘳𝘎.
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Aug 15, 2024 • 54min

Why We Should Care About Ethereum's Future

Ethereum's early marketing was focused on building an infinite garden. An open space, for experimentation and innovation of any kind. No walled gardens. No closed systems. No incentive misalignment. That has changed, and its time to talk about how we can adjust our course as a community. Ethereum’s shift towards a rollup-centric roadmap has been imperative for scaling. It’s led to the emergence of rollup clusters like Optimism’s Superchain and Arbitrum Orbit, each creating their own ecosystems within the larger Ethereum network. While this has been a necessary step for handling more transactions and reducing costs, it’s also introduced a new layer of complexity—fragmentation. In the early days of Ethereum, composability—the ability for different DeFi applications to seamlessly interact with each other on L1 during DeFi Summer—was one of the platform’s strongest features (and still is, on the baselayer). The concept of “money legos” allowed developers and users to stack and integrate various protocols effortlessly. However, with the rise of rollup clusters and L2s in general, this once smooth experience has become more difficult to navigate for users. This fragmentation poses a significant challenge to the Ethereum community, especially as other blockchains like Solana offer more unified environments. Solana’s approach, which prioritizes a single, contiguous ecosystem, has put pressure on Ethereum to address these composability issues. The competition is heating up, and it's clear that for Ethereum to remain at the forefront, it needs to regain that seamless user experience. So, we invited Jill Gunter from Espresso Systems on the pod after seeing a ton of her written content around making Ethereum composable again. We discussed the why behind Ethereum scaling, more than the how, which was a refreshing feel out of the weeds. Towards the end, we did get into the tech of Espresso, which is building coordination system for block building via a marketplace approach. This allows different rollups to opt in and out as needed, offering flexibility while maintaining the benefits of coordinated block building. We also asked Jill if Espresso is a shared sequencer...and the answer was pretty funny. We also asked what the next big hurdle is going to be once the Ethereum L2 landscape is re-bundled back together. Hope you enjoy. Website: https://therollup.co/ Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/1P6ZeYd.. Podcast: https://therollup.co/category/podcast Follow us on X: https://www.x.com/therollupco Follow Rob on X: https://www.x.com/robbie_rollup Follow Andy on X: https://www.x.com/ayyyeandy Join our TG group: https://t.me/+8ARkR_YZixE5YjBh The Rollup Disclosures: https://therollup.co/the-rollup-discl 𝗗𝗜𝗊𝗖𝗟𝗔𝗜𝗠𝗘𝗥: 𝘐𝘯𝘷𝘊𝘎𝘵𝘪𝘯𝘚 𝘪𝘯 𝘀𝘳𝘺𝘱𝘵𝘰𝘀𝘶𝘳𝘳𝘊𝘯𝘀𝘺 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘋𝘊𝘍𝘪 𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘮𝘎 𝘀𝘰𝘮𝘊𝘎 𝘞𝘪𝘵𝘩 𝘪𝘯𝘩𝘊𝘳𝘊𝘯𝘵 𝘳𝘪𝘎𝘬𝘎 𝘪𝘯𝘀𝘭𝘶𝘥𝘪𝘯𝘚 𝘵𝘊𝘀𝘩𝘯𝘪𝘀𝘢𝘭 𝘳𝘪𝘎𝘬, 𝘩𝘶𝘮𝘢𝘯 𝘊𝘳𝘳𝘰𝘳, 𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘮 𝘧𝘢𝘪𝘭𝘶𝘳𝘊 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘮𝘰𝘳𝘊. 𝘈𝘵 𝘀𝘊𝘳𝘵𝘢𝘪𝘯 𝘱𝘰𝘪𝘯𝘵𝘎 𝘵𝘩𝘳𝘰𝘶𝘚𝘩𝘰𝘶𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘎 𝘀𝘩𝘢𝘯𝘯𝘊𝘭, 𝘞𝘊 𝘮𝘢𝘺 𝘊𝘢𝘳𝘯 𝘢 𝘀𝘰𝘮𝘮𝘪𝘎𝘎𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘳 𝘧𝘊𝘊 𝘢𝘎 𝘢 𝘎𝘱𝘰𝘯𝘎𝘰𝘳𝘎𝘩𝘪𝘱, 𝘪𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘎 𝘪𝘎 𝘵𝘩𝘊 𝘀𝘢𝘎𝘊 𝘞𝘊 𝘞𝘪𝘭𝘭 𝘢𝘭𝘞𝘢𝘺𝘎 𝘮𝘢𝘬𝘊 𝘎𝘶𝘳𝘊 𝘪𝘵 𝘪𝘎 𝘀𝘭𝘊𝘢𝘳. 𝘞𝘊 𝘢𝘳𝘊 𝘎𝘵𝘳𝘪𝘀𝘵𝘭𝘺 𝘢𝘯 𝘊𝘥𝘶𝘀𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘢𝘭 𝘀𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘊𝘯𝘵 𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘮, 𝘯𝘰𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘯𝘚 𝘞𝘊 𝘰𝘧𝘧𝘊𝘳 𝘪𝘎 𝘧𝘪𝘯𝘢𝘯𝘀𝘪𝘢𝘭 𝘢𝘥𝘷𝘪𝘀𝘊. 𝘞𝘊 𝘢𝘳𝘊 𝘯𝘰𝘵 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘧𝘊𝘎𝘎𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘢𝘭𝘎 𝘰𝘳 𝘭𝘪𝘀𝘊𝘯𝘎𝘊𝘥 𝘢𝘥𝘷𝘪𝘎𝘰𝘳𝘎.
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Aug 14, 2024 • 1h 48min

Chain Abstraction Ecosystem Discussion

Chain abstraction is pivotal in shaping the blockchain ecosystem, akin to the early internet's revolutionary HTTP. We explore its role in enhancing interoperability and UX, discussing components like messaging protocols, solvers, and netting processes. We also highlight the potential for seamless coexistence among thousands of blockchains, driven by robust incentives and efficient coordination. Join us as we uncover how chain abstraction could catalyze a new era of decentralized applications. 𝗗𝗜𝗊𝗖𝗟𝗔𝗜𝗠𝗘𝗥: 𝘐𝘯𝘷𝘊𝘎𝘵𝘪𝘯𝘚 𝘪𝘯 𝘀𝘳𝘺𝘱𝘵𝘰𝘀𝘶𝘳𝘳𝘊𝘯𝘀𝘺 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘋𝘊𝘍𝘪 𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘮𝘎 𝘀𝘰𝘮𝘊𝘎 𝘞𝘪𝘵𝘩 𝘪𝘯𝘩𝘊𝘳𝘊𝘯𝘵 𝘳𝘪𝘎𝘬𝘎 𝘪𝘯𝘀𝘭𝘶𝘥𝘪𝘯𝘚 𝘵𝘊𝘀𝘩𝘯𝘪𝘀𝘢𝘭 𝘳𝘪𝘎𝘬, 𝘩𝘶𝘮𝘢𝘯 𝘊𝘳𝘳𝘰𝘳, 𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘮 𝘧𝘢𝘪𝘭𝘶𝘳𝘊 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘮𝘰𝘳𝘊. 𝘈𝘵 𝘀𝘊𝘳𝘵𝘢𝘪𝘯 𝘱𝘰𝘪𝘯𝘵𝘎 𝘵𝘩𝘳𝘰𝘶𝘚𝘩𝘰𝘶𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘎 𝘀𝘩𝘢𝘯𝘯𝘊𝘭, 𝘞𝘊 𝘮𝘢𝘺 𝘊𝘢𝘳𝘯 𝘢 𝘀𝘰𝘮𝘮𝘪𝘎𝘎𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘳 𝘧𝘊𝘊 𝘢𝘎 𝘢 𝘎𝘱𝘰𝘯𝘎𝘰𝘳𝘎𝘩𝘪𝘱, 𝘪𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘎 𝘪𝘎 𝘵𝘩𝘊 𝘀𝘢𝘎𝘊 𝘞𝘊 𝘞𝘪𝘭𝘭 𝘢𝘭𝘞𝘢𝘺𝘎 𝘮𝘢𝘬𝘊 𝘎𝘶𝘳𝘊 𝘪𝘵 𝘪𝘎 𝘀𝘭𝘊𝘢𝘳. 𝘞𝘊 𝘢𝘳𝘊 𝘎𝘵𝘳𝘪𝘀𝘵𝘭𝘺 𝘢𝘯 𝘊𝘥𝘶𝘀𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘢𝘭 𝘀𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘊𝘯𝘵 𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘮, 𝘯𝘰𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘯𝘚 𝘞𝘊 𝘰𝘧𝘧𝘊𝘳 𝘪𝘎 𝘧𝘪𝘯𝘢𝘯𝘀𝘪𝘢𝘭 𝘢𝘥𝘷𝘪𝘀𝘊. 𝘞𝘊 𝘢𝘳𝘊 𝘯𝘰𝘵 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘧𝘊𝘎𝘎𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘢𝘭𝘎 𝘰𝘳 𝘭𝘪𝘀𝘊𝘯𝘎𝘊𝘥 𝘢𝘥𝘷𝘪𝘎𝘰𝘳𝘎.

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