Lost Women of Science

In the late 1890s, Andrea Evangelina Rodríguez Perozo, known as Evangelina, was just another poor girl trying to survive in the provincial town of San Pedro de Macorís in the Dominican Republic. Her life took an extraordinary turn when two brothers, both poets and writers, arrived from the capital. They noticed something special about the young girl who lived nearby. With their help, Evangelina went to school and, against overwhelming odds, decided to become a doctor. She was the first woman to enter medical school in the Dominican Republic, and when she graduated in 1911 she became the country's first female doctor. But just as she was about to start her career an unexpected tragedy changed the course of her life. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

En la década de 1880, una pequeña niña Afro-Dominicana pasaba sus días vendiendo dulces en las calles de San Pedro de Macorís, una bulliciosa ciudad portuaria en la República Dominicana. Abandonada por sus padres, quienes la tuvieron por fuera del matrimonio, su futuro parecía gris: en esta sociedad profundamente estratificada, pocas personas lograban escapar de la vida en la que habían nacido.Pero Andrea Evangelina Rodríguez Perozo tenía algo que hacía que los demás se fijaran en ella. Así ocurrió con dos hermanos influyentes, ambos poetas e intelectuales, quienes reconocieron en ella una mente brillante y un espíritu tenaz. Con el apoyo de ellos, Evangelina logró hacerse un camino inimaginable: convertirse en la primera mujer médica de su país.En esta temporada de cinco capítulos seguiremos a Evangelina mientras estudia medicina, primero en su país natal y luego en París, donde aprende nuevas técnicas en el campo emergente de la ginecología y se encuentra con ideas radicales sobre la salud de las mujeres, ideas que espera transformen la sociedad de su país natal. Poco imaginaba que sus nuevos enfoques sobre la salud femenina eventualmente la llevarían a su trágica caída. Las contribuciones de Evangelina Rodríguez como reformadora y pionera de la salud pública serían prácticamente borradas por el dictador cuyo régimen la persigue hasta su muerte. Aquí reconstruimos su vida y su legado. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

In the 1880s, a small Afro-Dominican girl spent her days selling sweets on the streets of San Pedro de Macorís, a bustling port town in the Dominican Republic. Born out of wedlock and abandoned by her parents, her horizons seemed narrow — in this deeply stratified society, few people ever broke free from the life they were born into.But Andrea Evangelina Rodríguez Perozo had something that made people take notice. Two influential brothers, both poets and intellectuals, recognized a brilliant mind and a tenacious spirit. With the brothers’ support, Evangelina went on to chart a path that was unheard of for any Dominican woman at that time: she became her country’s first female doctor.In this five-part season, we will follow Evangelina as she studies medicine, first in her home country, then in Paris, where she learns new medical techniques in the emerging field of gynecology and encounters radical ideas about women’s health: ideas that she hopes will transform her society back in the Dominican Republic. Little does she think her new approaches to women’s health will eventually lead to her tragic downfall. Evangelina Rodríguez’s contributions as a reformer and pioneer in public health were all but erased by the dictator whose regime hounds her to death. Here, we piece together her life and her legacy.  Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

Lisa See’s novel Lady Tan’s Circle of Women is inspired by a medical textbook published in 1511  by an eminent female doctor, Tan Yunxian. In this episode, we talk to See about the origin of her novel, and to Lorraine Wilcox, the scholar who translated the original Chinese text, about what the practice of medicine was like for a female doctor during the Ming Dynasty. Tan Yunxian was almost lost to history, but the chronicle of her cases was reprinted by a great nephew and, amazingly, one copy survived through the centuries. Through serendipitous scholarly connections, Wilcox translated it and See used that translation as the inspiration for her novel. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

In 1960 Marthe Gautier left the lab where she had discovered the genetic cause of Down syndrome, and went on to have a successful career as a pediatric cardiologist. For decades, she remained silent as her former colleague Jérôme Lejeune continued to take credit for this pioneering discovery, and history wrote her out of the story. Until 2009. On the 50th anniversary of the paper that announced the discovery of trisomy 21, she decided to set the record straight. The process of changing history did not always go smoothly. In 2014, at the age of 88, she was set to give a talk and receive a medal at a conference, but the event was canceled hours in advance, and she was given the medal privately the next day. Finally, toward the end of her life, Gautier got the recognition she deserved. Before she died in 2022, she was also decorated by the French government for her contributions to science.  Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

In the mid-1950s, Marthe Gautier made a groundbreaking discovery about the genetic cause of Down syndrome by identifying an extra chromosome. However, her male colleague rushed to claim credit, overshadowing her crucial contributions. This tale of resilience unveils the struggles women face in science, emphasizing the importance of recognizing their often-ignored achievements. The podcast intertwines personal and scientific legacies as it explores Gautier's journey and the ethical complexities of scientific recognition.

In honor of International Holocaust Remembrance Day, we are telling the story of Margarethe Hilferding, a pioneering psychoanalyst and physician from Vienna who was murdered in a Nazi concentration camp in 1942. She was the first woman to earn a medical degree at the University of Vienna and the first woman to join Sigmund Freud’s Vienna Psychoanalytic Society. In her paper On the Basis of Mother Love, presented to the society in 1911, she argued that the maternal instinct is not innate but can develop after birth, a theory Freud and the rest of her male colleagues rejected. Margarethe soon left the society and devoted much of her life to treating women in working class neighborhoods and advocating for their reproductive health. Her theory of maternal instinct remains controversial even today. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

Dr. Katalin Karikó, a Hungarian-born biochemist, dedicated her life’s work to messenger RNA, which she always believed had the potential to change the world. After decades of being ignored, she persisted with the research that eventually revolutionized the field of medicine and enabled the development of lifesaving vaccines in record time during the COVID-19 pandemic. Dr. Karikó tells her story in her memoir, Breaking Through: My Life In Science, sharing her journey from young researcher in Hungary to Nobel Prize-winning biochemist.In this conversation, she reflects on the challenges and breakthroughs that defined her career, her resilience, and the scientific curiosity that fueled her passion for mRNA research Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

At this festive time of year, when many people are bringing trees into their homes to decorate for the holidays, we are going back to our story of a pioneering scientist who made it her mission to ensure that plants traveling across borders did not carry any diseases. It was in 1909, that the Mayor of Tokyo sent a gift of 2,000 prized cherry trees to Washington, D.C. But the iconic blossoms enjoyed each spring along the Tidal Basin are not from those trees. That’s because Flora Patterson, who was the Mycologist in Charge at the USDA, recognized the original saplings were infected, and the shipment was burned on the National Mall. In this episode, we explore  Patterson’s lasting impact on the field of mycology, starting with a blight that killed off the American chestnut trees, and how she helped make the USDA’s National Fungus Collection the largest in the world. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

Two female botanists – Elzada Clover and Lois Jotter – made headlines for riding the rapids of the Colorado River in 1938 in an effort to document the Grand Canyon’s plant life. In Brave the Wild River: The Untold Story of Two Women Who Mapped the Botany of the Grand Canyon, author Melissa L. Sevigny retraces their journey and shows how the ambitious river expedition, one that many believed impossible for women, changed not only Clover and Jotter but also our understanding of botany in this remote corner of the American West. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices