Civics 101

Samantha Barbas, a law professor from Iowa College and author of *Actual Malice*, joins the discussion on the landmark Supreme Court case, New York Times v. Sullivan. She explains how this 1964 decision transformed defamation law and protected press freedom during the Civil Rights Movement. The conversation delves into the 'actual malice' standard, its origins in the fight against racial injustice, and its relevance today amidst evolving libel concerns. Barbas also emphasizes the continuing struggle for media accountability in a democratic society.

Curious about the role of the White House Counsel? Discover how this key figure balances legal advice and political ambition. Dive into the historical context of White House counsels and their varied backgrounds. Explore the strained relationship between the Justice Department and the presidency, particularly during high-stakes political events. The discussion also sheds light on the ethical dilemmas that arise amidst controversies like Watergate and examines the ongoing legal challenges faced by former presidents in today's politically charged climate.

Aziz Huq, a Professor of Law at the University of Chicago and author specializing in democracy and constitutional law, dives deep into the concept of constitutional crises. He discusses the delicate balance required among the three government branches and explores how political ideologies can skew judicial interpretations. Huq emphasizes the subjective nature of a constitutional crisis and the importance of civic engagement in preserving democracy. He also highlights the ongoing resistance to Supreme Court rulings and the implications for marginalized communities.

Andy Rudalevidge, a professor at Bowdoin College and author of 'By Executive Order,' dives deep into the mechanics of executive orders. He explains how they differ from proclamations and memoranda, revealing the intricate processes behind their creation. The discussion also covers the historical evolution of executive orders, highlighting examples from past presidents. Furthermore, Rudalevidge addresses the legal challenges executive orders face and their significant impact on governance, especially during transitions between administrations.

Nate Hedgie, host of Outside/In, dives into the intricate fluoride debate. He examines the dramatic decline in cavities since fluoridation began, touted as a major public health win. However, controversy looms over safety and government intervention. The discussion highlights alarming health risks from excessive fluoride, fueled by historical cases like skeletal fluorosis. Nate balances the potential benefits of fluoride for public health with the growing concerns around its adverse effects, illustrating the complexities of this ongoing debate.

Explore the whirlwind of executive orders unleashed right after Trump took office. Delve into their constitutional roots and the ease with which they can reshape policies, especially on immigration and citizenship. Discover the controversial policies targeting border security and the implications for U.S.-Mexico relations. Unpack the impact of orders on gender ideology, including the limitations on gender recognition. Lastly, consider the broader effects on discrimination laws and energy policies, and the potential legal challenges ahead.

Felix Poon, a former intern turned producer at NHPR's Outside/In, discusses the landmark Supreme Court case of Wong Kim Ark. He dives into how this pivotal ruling established birthright citizenship under the 14th Amendment amidst anti-Chinese sentiment. Poon explores the legacy of Wong Kim Ark and the ongoing challenges to citizenship rights, particularly in today's political climate. He also highlights the phenomenon of 'paper sons' and the historical exclusions faced by Asian immigrants, connecting these struggles to modern debates around immigration policies.

Adam Laats, a Professor of Education and History at SUNY Binghamton, dives into the complex world of the U.S. Department of Education. He examines its creation and evolution, illuminating misconceptions about its role in school curricula. Laats discusses the political battles surrounding the department, including past efforts to dismantle it, and highlights pivotal moments like the 'A Nation at Risk' report. The conversation emphasizes ongoing debates about federal influence and future challenges within the education system.

Elizabeth Bomberg, a Politics Professor at the University of Edinburgh specializing in environmental politics, delves into Donald Trump's climate plans. She discusses the implications of his past policies and future intentions regarding emission regulations and the Paris Agreement. Bomberg highlights the tension between economic interests and environmental protection, along with the impact of recent court rulings on climate funding. The conversation also touches on the rising influence of renewable energy, especially in conservative regions, amid a polarized political landscape.

Transportation and infrastructure are massive (literally) undertakings here in the United States. So what does it mean to oversee it all? What is the Secretary of Transportation actually in charge of and what's going on with our roads, bridges, airports, etc.?We spoke with Secretary of Transportation Pete Buttigieg to find out. CLICK HERE: Visit our website to see all of our episodes, donate to the podcast, sign up for our newsletter, get free educational materials, and more!To see Civics 101 in book form, check out A User's Guide to Democracy: How America Works by Hannah McCarthy and Nick Capodice, featuring illustrations by Tom Toro.Check out our other weekly NHPR podcast, Outside/In - we think you'll love it!