Two years ago today, we attended Civic Learning Week and produced an episode on the state of civics education in the US. We heard some good things and some frustrating things. Today we're getting an update on civics education with Emma Humphries from iCivics, hearing some student audio submissions from our friends at the Youth Media Challenge, and getting advice on how students can make change with Cheryl Cook-Kallio.Click here to livestream the National Forum for Civics Learning Week.Click here to listen to our episodes on civics education in the US.Click here to read the full State of Young People report published by America's Promise Alliance.And finally, click here to check out the work students are producing (and submit your own!) for KQED's Youth Media Challenge. Want our new "Civics is my cup of tea" mug? CLICK HERE TO DONATE AND GET YOURS!CLICK HERE: Visit our website to see all of our episodes, donate to the podcast, sign up for our newsletter, get free educational materials, and more! To see Civics 101 in book form, check out A User's Guide to Democracy: How America Works by Hannah McCarthy and Nick Capodice, featuring illustrations by Tom Toro.Check out our other weekly NHPR podcast, Outside/In - we think you'll love it!

Discover the ins and outs of the U.S. presidential Cabinet and the critical roles played by its leaders. Dive into political hurdles faced by new appointees like the EPA Administrator and the ongoing housing crisis tackled by the Secretary of Housing. Explore the implications of Project 2025 and changes in U.S. intelligence dynamics, including a key figure's political shift. Gain insights into health and defense issues linked to notable nominations, all while enjoying personal anecdotes from the hosts!

Discover the inner workings of your president's Cabinet. Learn about the crucial roles of appointees and the complex nomination processes they navigate. Dive into the political dynamics shaping current confirmations, especially for positions like Secretary of State and Transportation. Examine the challenges faced by new officials overseeing veterans' benefits and national security. Explore the implications of these appointments on U.S. policies, including energy and immigration, with an eye on their impact on global affairs.

Arielle Lawhon, author of the historical novel "The Frozen River," sheds light on the fascinating life of Martha Ballard, an 18th-century midwife who assisted over a thousand births. The discussion navigates the themes of women's rights and health care in early America, revealing the challenges faced by women in the reproductive justice arena. Lawhon also emphasizes the importance of recognizing the stories of mature women and the contributions of overlooked figures in history, enriching our understanding of the past.

Samantha Barbas, a law professor from Iowa College and author of *Actual Malice*, joins the discussion on the landmark Supreme Court case, New York Times v. Sullivan. She explains how this 1964 decision transformed defamation law and protected press freedom during the Civil Rights Movement. The conversation delves into the 'actual malice' standard, its origins in the fight against racial injustice, and its relevance today amidst evolving libel concerns. Barbas also emphasizes the continuing struggle for media accountability in a democratic society.

Curious about the role of the White House Counsel? Discover how this key figure balances legal advice and political ambition. Dive into the historical context of White House counsels and their varied backgrounds. Explore the strained relationship between the Justice Department and the presidency, particularly during high-stakes political events. The discussion also sheds light on the ethical dilemmas that arise amidst controversies like Watergate and examines the ongoing legal challenges faced by former presidents in today's politically charged climate.

Aziz Huq, a Professor of Law at the University of Chicago and author specializing in democracy and constitutional law, dives deep into the concept of constitutional crises. He discusses the delicate balance required among the three government branches and explores how political ideologies can skew judicial interpretations. Huq emphasizes the subjective nature of a constitutional crisis and the importance of civic engagement in preserving democracy. He also highlights the ongoing resistance to Supreme Court rulings and the implications for marginalized communities.

Andy Rudalevidge, a professor at Bowdoin College and author of 'By Executive Order,' dives deep into the mechanics of executive orders. He explains how they differ from proclamations and memoranda, revealing the intricate processes behind their creation. The discussion also covers the historical evolution of executive orders, highlighting examples from past presidents. Furthermore, Rudalevidge addresses the legal challenges executive orders face and their significant impact on governance, especially during transitions between administrations.

Nate Hedgie, host of Outside/In, dives into the intricate fluoride debate. He examines the dramatic decline in cavities since fluoridation began, touted as a major public health win. However, controversy looms over safety and government intervention. The discussion highlights alarming health risks from excessive fluoride, fueled by historical cases like skeletal fluorosis. Nate balances the potential benefits of fluoride for public health with the growing concerns around its adverse effects, illustrating the complexities of this ongoing debate.

Explore the whirlwind of executive orders unleashed right after Trump took office. Delve into their constitutional roots and the ease with which they can reshape policies, especially on immigration and citizenship. Discover the controversial policies targeting border security and the implications for U.S.-Mexico relations. Unpack the impact of orders on gender ideology, including the limitations on gender recognition. Lastly, consider the broader effects on discrimination laws and energy policies, and the potential legal challenges ahead.