Pakistonomy

Uzair talks to Zahid Husain about the worsening security situation in Balochistan, which has led the army chief to assert that Pakistan must become a “hard state.” We discussed what can be defined as a hard state, and also try to understand the reasons for why Zahid Husain calls Pakistan a “predator state.” Zahid Husain is an author and journalist who writes a weekly column for Dawn. You can read his latest column titled “A Predator State” here: https://www.dawn.com/news/1900408 Chapters: 0:00 Introduction 1:40 What is a predator state? 15:10 The state’s colonial mindset 24:10 Difference in KPK and Balochistan 33:50 Anti-military sentiment in Punjab 38:10 Evolving views on military intervention

Uzair talks to Adil Mansoor about the state of Pakistan’s agriculture sector and the outlook for the year. We focused on the wheat and sugar markets, whether deregulation is here to stay, and the ways in which farmers have dealt with collapsing wheat prices. Adil Mansoor is an agriculture analyst and writes for Business Recorder Research. Chapters: 0:00 Introduction 1:40 Water shortages 4:10 Wheat outlook 18:00 Food inflation coming back? 24:20 Sugar prices 36:50 Storage and supply chain issues 42:00 Market reforms

Uzair talks to Arifa Noor about the mood in Islamabad after the Jaffer Express terror attack in Balochistan. We discussed the failures of Pakistan’s Balochistan policy, why political elites have continued to cede space to the military on key topics, and the decline in parliament’s standing over the years. Arifa Noor is a journalist at Dawn and host of the TV show Newswise. Chapters: 0:00 Introduction 1:50 Jaffer Express fallout 13:10 PPP pushes back against canal projects 23:10 PTI and an opposition alliance 31:30 Media blackouts and conspiracy theories

This episode focuses on the ongoing and worsening crisis in Balochistan, where militancy is rising and the political process shows no signs of improving. Rafiullah Kakar joins Uzair to explain what is going on in the province, the root causes of the insurgency, and why a number of political problems have added fuel to the burning fire in Balochistan. Finally, Rafiullah also discusses his research on the structural and constitutional drivers of the core political economy issues in the province, with the conversation concluding on what can be done to alleviate the crisis in Balochistan. Rafiullah Kakar is a policy analyst currently pursuing a PhD at Cambridge University, where he is seeking to understand the political economy of sub-national state capacity through a comparative study of education policy in two Pakistani provinces: Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. You can read Rafiullah Kakar’s paper that was discussed on the podcast here: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14662043.2024.2382458 Chapters: 0:00 Introduction 1:50 Worsening militancy in Balochistan 17:10 Engaging with young political leaders 25:50 India’s role in the insurgency 32:20 Is the status quo secure? 36:10 Structural drivers of the issues 47:20 Devolution of power 56:00 Competition in politics

This episode focuses on the latest developments in Pakistan’s startup and innovation ecosystem Uzair talks to Sarah Munir about the latest findings from invest2innovate’s 2024 Startup Ecosystem Report. Sarah is CEO at invest2innovate and has over 15 years of experience in driving impact and fueling growth. invest2innovate supports startup communities in growth markets and has been working in Pakistan since 2011. You can read the full report here - https://invest2innovate.com/ecosystem-reports/ Chapters: 0:00 Introduction 3:50 Key findings and learnings 11:30 Learnings for young entrepreneurs 14:30 Learning for investors 17:20 Policy and regulatory issues 23:10 Cultural shifts around entrepreneurship 27:10 Critical thinking and innovation 30:00 Opportunities for growth 33:30 Going beyond maturity 37:08 Reading recommendations Reading Recommendations: - Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can't Stop Talking by Susan Cain - Shoe Dog: A Memoir by the Creator of Nike by Phil Knight - Alibaba: The House That Jack Ma Built by Duncan Clark - Atomic Habits: An Easy & Proven Way to Build Good Habits & Break Bad Ones by James Clear

In this episode, Uzair talks to Dr. Qamar Cheema about Pakistan’s foreign policy priorities, including relations with Afghanistan and the United States. We also talked about whether Donald Trump will intervene in Pakistan’s affairs to help release Imran Khan. Dr. Qamar Cheema is Executive Director of the Sanober Institute, a think tank based in Islamabad. Chapters: 0:00 Introduction 2:00 Afghanistan relations 18:20 Trump releasing Khan? 26:10 Pakistan-Iran relations 31:05 Erdogan’s trip to Pakistan 37:20 Chinese disappointment

In this episode, Uzair talks to Khurram Husain about the PML-N government’s economic performance over the last year. We talked about how IMF stabilization is the easy part, why generating growth risks creating the same problems for the country, and the ways in which business interest groups are advocating for a return to past policies. Chapters: 0:00 Introduction 1:20 Performance review 8:10 Reasons for lack of reforms 20:30 Stabilization a big achievement? 29:40 SBP’s role in killing inflation

In this episode, Uzair talks to Amir Husain about DeepSeek’s innovations in the world of artificial intelligence, which has been described as a “Sputnik Moment” by many in the technology world. We also talked about how DeepSeek achieved these innovations and what they tell us about China’s innovation ecosystem. Finally, Amir shares his view on export controls on cutting-edge technology and whether it helps achieve U.S. national security goals. Amir Husain is a serial entrepreneur, veteran AI technologist, and author based in Austin, Texas. He has received widespread acclaim for his pioneering work, including Austin’s Top Entrepreneur award and inclusion in Austin’s 40 Under 40. In 2013, Amir founded SparkCognition, now Avathon. Under Amir’s leadership, the company achieved a unicorn valuation, marking a significant milestone in its journey. As the Founder and Executive Board Member of this award-winning AI company, Amir led the firm as CEO from its inception until the end of 2023. Amir has been awarded over 30 patents in AI and distributed systems. He serves on UT Austin’s Computer Science Board, NATO’s Innovation Advisory Board and the Board of Global Venture Bridge, fostering international entrepreneurial collaboration. He is the author of the best-selling book “The Sentient Machine,” a co-author of “Hyperwar: Conflict and Competition in the AI Century”, and has recently published “Generative Art”, “Generative AI for Leaders” and “Serious Machines.” Chapters: 0:00 Introduction 1:10 What did DeepSeek achieve? 19:20 US-China Chip Wars and Export Controls 33:10 Sputnik Moment and Choices for America

In this episode, Uzair talks to Ankur Bhardwaj about India’s economic slowdown and its root causes. We also talked about what options the government has to stimulate growth through the budget, and the reasons why the Indian Rupee has been weakening in recent weeks. Finally, we touched on major structural reforms that are needed in India and whether the Modi-led BJP government can push them through. Ankur Bhardwaj is Web Editor at Business Standard. Chapters: 0:00 Introduction 1:30 Slowing growth in India 10:10 Navigating the budget cycle 14:50 Reform priorities 19:20 Promoting exports 23:30 Navigating the politics of reforms 26:50 Risks in the near-term

In this episode Uzair talks to Ali Nazari about the current state of affairs in Afghanistan, the status of the resistance against the Taliban, and the ways in which the Taliban are allowing transnational terrorism to occur from Afghanistan. Ali Nazari is Head of Foreign Relations for the National Resistance Front of Afghanistan (NRF). Ali began his career in communications at Khorasan TV, hosting a weekly show on politics and current affairs in Afghanistan. He then was Director of Media Affairs for Abdullah Abdullah's 2014 presidential campaign. As tensions between the Taliban and the government grew amidst the drawdown of NATO forces from Afghanistan, Nazary served as a chief foreign policy advisor and a liaison between Ahmad Massoud and foreign diplomats up until his departure from Kabul a few days after August 15, 2021. Since then, Nazary has served as Head of Foreign Relations for the NRF. Chapters: 0:00 Introduction 1:50 The NRF and state of play in Afghanistan 6:50 Life under the Taliban 12:40 Pakistan’s bet on the Taliban 17:40 How can Pakistan change its Afghanistan policy? 24:30 Regional strategy 29:50 NRF and Pakistan relations 38:40 Expectations from Trump administration 43:40 Reading recommendations Reading recommendations: - In the Name of my Father: Struggling for Freedom in Afghanistan by Ahmad Massoud - Afghanistan: A History from 1260 to the Present by Jonathan L. Lee - Pakistan-Afghanistan Relations: Pitfalls and the Way Forward edited by Huma Baqai and Nausheen Wasi