The Explanation

John Simpson, in discussion with the BBC’s unparalleled range of experts across the world, analyses US President Donald Trump’s approach to foreign policy in his second term, examines reaction in Israel to the country’s conflict with Iran, and looks at the controversial new project to create artificial human DNA from scratch.

The BBC’s decision not to broadcast a Gaza war documentary, later picked up by Channel 4, has prompted scrutiny over its editorial standards. The film, made by Basement Films, features testimony from medical staff in Gaza. Former Channel 4 executive Dorothy Byrne critiques the BBC’s stance. A live-streamed Glastonbury performance by punk band Bob Vylan included chants that Keir Starmer called "appalling hate speech", leading to a BBC apology for not halting the stream sooner. Chris Banatvala, a former Ofcom head of standards, raises questions about the effectiveness of the BBC’s editorial oversight in live broadcasting situations. The complexity of reporting on the Israel-Gaza conflict while managing personal identity is addressed by BBC journalist Tim Franks. Reflecting on his experience as a Jewish former Middle East correspondent, Franks considers public assumptions about bias and the pressure on journalists to separate identity from reporting. He also discusses themes from his new book, The Lines We Draw. Formula 1 celebrates 75 years, but footage from its first three decades remains largely unseen. Broadcaster Steve Rider is spearheading efforts to recover and digitise this early archive, while journalist Rebecca Clancy reports on the sport’s global strategy and expanding social media presence. Presenters: Katie Razzall and Ros Atkins Producer: Lucy Wai Assistant producer: Emily Channon

John Simpson, in discussion with the BBC's unparalleled range of experts across the world, analyses whether the Iranian regime has successfully weathered the storm caused by the attacks by Israel and the United States, examines the state of the NATO alliance, and looks at the ferocious gangland culture of Cape Town in South Africa.

Iranian authorities are accused of targeting journalists at BBC Persian by intimidating their family members in Iran. Correspondent Behrang Tajdin outlines the psychological toll, allegations of harassment and surveillance in London, and the broader campaign affecting relatives of BBC staff, which the National Union of Journalists has called “proxy punishment.” Hong Kong’s diminishing press freedom is starkly represented by the case of Jimmy Lai, the founder of Apple Daily. The pro-democracy paper was shut down after raids and arrests under a national security law. Sebastien Lai describes his father’s continued solitary confinement and the implications for the rule of law in Hong Kong. Netflix, known for revolutionising streaming, has announced a surprising shift: live TV channels in France via a partnership with TF1. Minal Modha, from Ampere Analysis, explains why France’s strong preference for linear TV and local content prompted the move. Gossip website Tattle Life has lost a major libel case brought by a Northern Irish couple. The site’s anonymous founder, Sebastian Bond, has been unmasked. Persephone Bridgman Baker, partner at Carter-Ruck, discusses how the case brings attention to how anonymous online commentary can cross into harassment. Presenter: Katie Razzall Producer: Lisa Jenkinson Assistant producers: Lucy Wai and Emily Channon

John Simpson, in discussion with the BBC’s unparalleled range of experts across the world, analyses whether Israel’s attacks on Iran could lead to regime change, assesses the effectiveness of the G7 in dealing with international crises, and examines what the consequences might be of a global drop in human fertility.

Coverage of the Israel-Iran conflict has been shaped by restricted access and challenges for international journalists. With few media outlets able to base reporters inside Iran, coverage often relies on external analysis, satellite imagery, and information that is difficult to independently verify. Shashank Joshi, Defence Editor at The Economist, and Shayna Oppenheimer, Journalist at BBC Monitoring, discuss. Netflix’s new documentary “Grenfell: Uncovered” marks the eighth anniversary of the Grenfell Tower fire by highlighting corporate and regulatory failings that contributed to the tragedy. Director Olaide Sadiq explains how the team built trust with interviewees and brought to light evidence not widely known. Reddit celebrates its 20th anniversary as one of the internet’s largest community-led platforms. Laura Nestler, Reddit’s Global Head of Community, explains their approach to moderation and addresses concerns about AI’s growing role on the platform.Presenters: Ros Atkins and Katie Razzall Producer: Lisa Jenkinson Assistant Producer: Lucy Wai

John Simpson, in discussion with the BBC’s unparalleled range of experts across the world, analyses Donald Trump’s decision to deploy troops to tackle protests over immigration raids in Los Angeles, examines the impact at home of Russia’s war casualties in Ukraine, and looks at shocking evidence of life in Syria’s prisons under former leader, Bashar al-Assad.

The advertising industry is facing dramatic change, after Meta announced new AI tools that will let anyone make ads. Sir Martin Sorrell, Executive Chairman of S4 Capital, and Alex Dalman, Co-chair of the Advertising Association’s AI Taskforce, discuss whether the industry faces an existential threat. Dan Snow is the TV historian turned media mogul, whose network History Hit celebrates its 10th anniversary this month. With a streaming service, a YouTube channel, and popular podcast, Dan reflects on how he built it and why he thinks today is boom time for history content. Following budget cuts by the Trump administration to the US Agency for Global Media, services provided by Radio Free Asia and other outlets broadcasting to countries with restricted media access have been scaled back. The Washington Post has now reported that China’s state radio has moved to fill the void by launching new services and jamming frequencies previously used by Radio Free Asia. Michael Bristow, Asia-Pacific Editor at the BBC World Service, assesses the implications. Producer: Lisa Jenkinson Assistant Producer: Lucy Wai

John Simpson, in discussion with the BBC’s unparalleled range of experts across the world, analyses the impact of the election of a right-wing president in Poland on the country’s government, examines the long-term effects of the ongoing civil war in Sudan, and looks at the ongoing attempts by the Chinese authorities to suppress the memory of the Tiananmen Square massacre.Producer: Kate Cornell Executive Producer: Benedick Watt Commissioning Editor: Vara Szajkowski

NPR, one of America’s most prominent public broadcasters, is facing potential funding cuts following moves by President Trump. The administration alleges a lack of impartiality, prompting legal action by NPR to defend its editorial independence and mission. Katherine Maher, CEO of NPR, outlines the organisation's stance and shares her plan for survival. The Hajj in Mecca has become a huge media event but reporting from it poses significant logistical and editorial challenges. With two million pilgrims and thousands of journalists attending, media access requires strict accreditation from the Saudi authorities. Shehab Khan, Political Correspondent for ITV News, shares his experience. Apple’s long-standing manufacturing presence in China has helped it achieve unmatched production scale. However, this dependence may now leave the company vulnerable amid shifting US trade policy. Patrick McGee, Financial Times reporter, discusses his new book Apple in China. Presenter: Ros Atkins Producer: Lisa Jenkinson Assistant producer: Lucy Wai