Carlos Eire, a Yale historian specializing in early modern Europe and author of "They Flew," discusses the intriguing phenomenon of levitation across cultures and religions. He shares remarkable stories of Joseph of Cupertino, a saint whose levitation sparked both belief and skepticism. The conversation dives into the complex dynamics between the Church and miracle workers, including the scrutiny of miraculous claims. Eire also explores the interplay between technology and perceptions of the miraculous, inviting listeners to consider the evolving relationship between science and spirituality.

Stephen Greenblatt, a Harvard professor and esteemed Shakespeare scholar, dives into the profound influences behind Shakespeare's masterpieces. He discusses the personal losses that shaped 'Hamlet' and explores the chaotic theatrical landscape of Elizabethan London. The fascinating dynamics between Shakespeare and contemporaries like Marlowe reveal a competitive yet collaborative spirit. Greenblatt also highlights the significance of memorization in education and how it nurtured poetic sensibility, illuminating the depth of Shakespeare's genius.

In this engaging discussion, Stephen Greenblatt, a renowned Shakespeare scholar, explores the Bard's social ambitions and his efforts to rise above his humble beginnings. Greenblatt highlights Shakespeare's purchase of a coat of arms as a bold step toward social elevation. He delves into the themes of loss and recovery in Shakespeare's works, connecting them to modern ideas of second chances. The conversation also uncovers the complexity of Shakespeare's characters and motivations, revealing the intricate interplay between ambition and societal expectations in Elizabethan England.

Explore the intriguing parallels between the decline of Rome and today's American politics. Discover how Shakespeare's characters, like Brutus and Caesar, navigate moral conflicts and ambition. Delve into the psychological struggles that drive betrayal for the greater good. Uncover bold leadership strategies and lasting reforms that shaped history. Finally, examine the duality of Caesar—his ambition versus the repercussions of his assassination, and the power of rhetoric in shaping political narratives.

Christopher Kelly, a leading Rousseau scholar and author of *Rousseau as Author*, dives deep into the philosopher's controversial views on censorship. He discusses Rousseau's belief in self-censorship as a means of preserving community morals, emphasizing the balance between free speech and societal values. Kelly explores the complexities of diversity in governance and the moral responsibilities of intellectuals. He also examines the tension between esoteric writing and accountability, reflecting on how these ideas resonate in today's discourse.

In this engaging conversation, Brian Leiter, a prominent philosopher known for his expertise in Nietzsche and moral philosophy, delves into Nietzsche's critiques of Christian morality. He discusses Nietzsche's concept of moral anti-realism, arguing that values are subjective and shaped by societal norms rather than objective truths. Leiter contrasts Nietzsche with Marx on individualism and equality, and explores the tensions between moral beliefs and societal structures. The conversation also examines the implications of moral relativism and the importance of personal moral frameworks in confronting injustice.

Explore the intriguing dual nature of inequality, where it serves both as a societal threat and a motivator for progress. Delve into Rousseau's distinction between natural and artificial constructs of freedom. Examine how human motivations shape societal divides and the implications of technology on inequality. Uncover the complex relationship between poverty and true inequality, shedding light on societal ambitions. Finally, contemplate how inequality influences psychological well-being and national power, urging a reevaluation of true greatness.

Katharina Volk, a professor and author specializing in Roman philosophy and literature, delves into the intricate world of Roman Epicureanism. She explores the tension between personal pleasure and political involvement, highlighting how Epicurean ideals affected ancient senators. The discussion touches on Atticus's life as a case study of balancing loyalties with political influence, while also considering how Epicureanism informs modern views on life, death, and civic duties. Volk's insights reveal the complex relationship between friendship, ambition, and moral choices in ancient Rome.

Katharina Volk, a scholar renowned for her expertise on Cicero and Roman philosophy, dives into the contrasting approaches of Caesar and Cicero. She discusses how Cicero's reflective oratory clashed with Caesar's decisive actions. Volk also explores the rich interplay between philosophy and politics in Ancient Rome, and how Cicero's skepticism informed his political engagement. Additionally, she unpacks Caesar's calendar reform and its historical significance, while considering the implications of Epicurean thought on his leadership style.

Stephen Greenblatt, a renowned scholar in Shakespearean studies, delves into the Bard's multifaceted views on love and marriage. He contrasts the exhilaration of courtship with the letdowns of marriage, highlighting Shakespeare's paradoxical portrayal of romantic ideals versus harsh realities. Greenblatt also explores societal attitudes towards love, including male relationships and Shakespeare's complex personal life. The discussion reveals how the intricacies of love, gender dynamics, and societal expectations shape Shakespeare's timeless narratives.