HeightsCast: Forming Men Fully Alive

It sounds nice to say, using Dostoevsky's words, that beauty will save the world. But is this claim true? If so, in what sense is it true? What even is beauty? And what would it mean for it to save the world? This week, we welcome Dr. Lionel Yaceczko back to HeightsCast to discuss beauty: what it is and what the Western tradition can tell us about it. Today's episode is rooted in a previous discussion we had with Dr. Yaceczko, in which he spoke with us about Western civilization. In that episode, we considered what Western civilization is and why it is still worth studying today. This week, we look at one reason why the study of the West is a fruitful endeavor: it can help us better appreciate beauty. As we hear from Dr. Yaceczko, beauty consists in the marriage of order and surprise. It is the fruit of keeping the commandments and breaking the conventions. As such, seeing part of a beautiful work of art first invites our prediction—there is order and we can discern it—and then astounds our expectation—but that order is not mere slavish repetition. Whenever we find beauty in this world, we glimpse eternity. Each glimpse spurs us on to find the fullness of that beauty, which is our perfection and which will surpass all predictions: eye has not seen, nor ear heard what has been prepared for those who truly love. And when, God-willing, we find that Beauty—or perhaps, better yet, when He finds us— we will finally be at home. And yet, if our intuition about beauty here is on track, then we will forever be astonished with Whom we find. Chapters 2:33 What is the classical style? 2:53 From the web 2:43 Neoclassical architecture in D.C. 6:33 Balance and classical architecture 8:15 What is beauty? 11:44 On forms and the form 13:18 Can we have a common conception of beauty? 14:07 Subjective aspects of beauty 15:00 Beauty as movement toward the final cause 16:10 Use and abuse 17:28 Personal taste and beauty 19:17 What is nature? 20:18 Ancient philosophers against nature 21:38 Beyond mere accidental arrangement: objective nature 23:08 Beauty: the balance of order and surprise 24:05 Chesterton's Manalive 27:03 How does beauty relate to happiness? 28:11 The philosopher as teacher of happiness 29:38 The spontaneity of beauty 31:00 Lessons from Classical sculpture: a brief introduction 32:14 Contrapposto and the movement toward perfection 34:23 Verism 35:03 Architecture 38:43 Beauty and the liberal arts Also on The Forum A Study for All Seasons: Lionel Yaceczko on the Western Tradition with Dr. Lionel Yaceczko What Is the Difference between Free Time and Leisure? by Joe Bissex Five Fruits of a Poetic Education by Nate Gadiano The Way of Encounter by Joe Breslin Matter and Form, Substance and Accidents by Michael Moynihan Additional Resources The Making of Europe: An Introduction to the History of European Unity by Christopher Dawson Beauty: What It Is and Why It Matters by John-Mark L. Miravalle The Idiot by Fyodor Dostoevsky Manalive by G. K. Chesterton

In this week's episode, we continue our conversation with Dr. Kevin Majeres, turning our attention to the importance of setting challenges and the way actions shape emotions. Drawing on these two topics, Dr. Majeres helps us think through how parents can best help a son that is struggling with an addiction of any sort. In particular, Dr. Majeres responds to the following questions: What is addiction? What is the neuroscience behind addiction? How does the particular addiction of pornography tie into this general understanding of addiction? How can we—or our sons—set challenges? How is flow the ultimate in self-mastery? For the adolescent boy struggling with addiction, what sorts of challenges are we trying to help him craft? How do we help him frame out the sort of challenge that will free him? As we hear from Dr. Majeres, true freedom consists in the ability to form a deep bond and faithfully maintain it over time. Rather than a mere negation—a freedom from some outside force—the deepest freedom lies in a freedom for, the ability to give of oneself to another. We might well say, then, that there is no greater freedom than the freedom of friendship, and that the greatest of friends is He who leads us in libertatem gloriae filiorum Dei: into the glorious freedom of the sons of God. Chapters 3:22 Defining Addiction 5:40 The Neuroscience of Addiction and the Divided Brain 8:12 When the Left Hemisphere Takes Over 9:15 Neuroscience and The Virtues 10:11 Addiction to Pornography 11:35 The Danger of Responding with Mere Rules 12:30 Freedom as the Ability to Form Faithful Bond 13:10 Growing Up Brave 14:27 How Goods are Communicated through Bonds 16:18 Parenting and Growth 17:18 Controlling the Controllable 18:54 The Physiology of Bonding 19:10 The Neuroscience of Ends and Means 19:55 Order in the Home 20:37 Focus on the Bond: People are not Projects 21:52 Growth in Mastery: Endless Dopamine 25:30 Types of Challenges and the Divided Brain 26:25 Quality Challenges 28:04 Left Brain and Addictions 30:12 Flow as the Ultimate in Self-Mastery 30:48 Love as a Form of Flow 31:20 Contemplation as a Form of Flow 32:25 Contemplation and Work 33:40 Helping Our Sons Craft Challenges 34:20 The Importance of Deep Listening 35:50 The Danger of Problem Solving for Our Sons 38:34 How Should Parents Approach Challenges? 39:23 Outcomes vs. Growth 41:10 Classical Virtue Theory and Neuroscience 48:05 OptimalWork Resources Additional Resources The Master and His Emissary by Iain McGilchrist Growing Up Brave by Donna Pincus OptimalWork on YouTube OptimalWork MasterClass Also on The Forum On Freedom and Phones with Alvaro de Vicente Why Boys Need to Be Given Freedom by Andrew Reed Freedom in the Upper School by Rich Moss

We have all experienced moments in which we are so immersed in a task that we lose track of time and performance feels effortless. For some, this may occur on the sports field; for others, in the classroom; and still, for others, in the performance hall. Yet, we have likely also experienced the opposite. For many children, the struggle for concentration is probably more prevalent. Last week, we began a three-part series with Dr. Kevin Majeres. We discussed what anxiety is and how parents can help their sons—and themselves—turn occasions of anxiety into opportunities for growth. This week, we are back with Dr. Majeres to discuss attention and mindfulness. In the episode, Dr. Majeres helps us begin to answer the following questions: Although we all may know the symptoms, what really is at the heart of attentional issues? What is a distraction? How does it differ from an interruption? What is occurring physiologically when boys experience attentional difficulties? What are ways to develop the muscles of attention? What are common practices that cause attention to atrophy? Is medicating a good way to approach attentional issues? What is mindfulness? What are ways for younger children to practice mindfulness? How does freedom relate to mindfulness? In the end, mindfulness offers us a doorway into two aspects of freedom that are at the heart of human flourishing. Learning to attend to our work at school helps us to attend to others in society. And, in both instances, learning to attend well is a pathway to love; for what we love captures our attention — what lover does not often find his mind turning to his beloved? — and that to which we attend, we can begin to love. If education is the turning of a mind, as we hear in the Republic, then mindfulness may well be fundamental to its success. For when one turns toward the truth, he will thereby be ready not only to recognize it but, even more, he will be prepared to fall in love with it. Chapters 2:05 Introduction and Review of Episode 1 3:55 What is ADD and ADHD? 4:38 The Two Halves of Attention 6:28 Training the Default Mode Network 7:28 The Neuroscience of Attentional Difficulties 7:53 Theta Waves and the Muscle of Attention 9:05 The Three Movements of Attentional Training 9:55 Medication and the Gray Matter 11:13 Are Attentional Difficulties a Fixed Trait? 12:02 What Weakens the Attention 12:45 Video Games 13:25 How Music, Reading, and Work are not like Video Games 14:53 Passive Attention 15:30 Memory and Attention 16:35 The Importance of Imagination 18:01 Strengthening Attention 19:15 Slowing Down and Mindfulness 20:08 The Importance of Order and Predictability 22:15 Silence and Work 22:50 How distractions differ from Interruptions 26:00 Mindfulness for Young Children 30:18 The Golden Hour 31:33 Strategies for a Helping a Reluctant Boy 33:16 Forming the Perimeter 37:33 Mindfulness and Interior Freedom 38:50 The Freedom for Personal Bonds Additional Resources What is a Golden Hour? with Dr. Kevin Majeres and Sharif Younes Back to the Basics: An Intro to OptimalWork with Dr. Kevin Majeres OptimalWork on YouTube Reflections on the Right Use of School Studies by Simone Weil Also on The Forum From Anxiety to Adventure with Dr. Kevin Majeres Why We Need Exposure to Nature by Eric Heil Training the Hand to Train the Mind by Robert Grieving Three Guiding Principles for Homework by Rich Moss

Adorning our school's main hallway is a sort of charter for the Heights graduate which designates him as a man who is "optimistic toward life's challenges," as one who "sees freedom as an opportunity to choose the good." Fostering these ideals in each student is a central aspect of the school's mission. But, in a world that is increasingly filled with children suffering from anxiety, how—in very practical terms—can we help our students develop such an outlook on life? Last month, we heard from Mr. Alex Berthé on how parents can find peace in an anxiety ridden world. This week on HeightsCast, we begin a series of discussions with Dr. Kevin Majeres, lecturer at Harvard Medical School and Founder of OptimalWork. In this three-part series, we take a deep dive into three sets of challenges which are becoming increasingly prevalent in today's youth, and three mindsets or skills that can help us as parents and teachers to help our boys help themselves: Anxiety Attention Addiction Our first discussion with Dr. Majeres focuses on anxiety. Combining years of experience as a psychiatrist and drawing on research in cognitive behavioral therapy, Dr. Majeres teaches us both what anxiety is and what we can do about it. In the episode, we learn: The Foundation of Growth The importance of having a growth mindset—seeing yourself as capable of real improvement. Learning to reframe out of a fixed mindset. Anxiety Anxiety is adrenaline with a negative frame. Adrenaline is a performance-enhancing hormone, which is meant to improve one's capacities, whether physical or cognitive. All anxiety disorders come from seeing anxiety as a disorder; they are the fruit of seeing the effects of adrenaline as a problem. Children's preferences are often manifestations of anxiety coupled with avoidance; it is crucial to help people from a young age to stay with a challenge and not flee from anxiety. Reframing Reframing is deliberately finding the opportunity for growth in a challenge that one had previously viewed negatively. The way the body utilizes hormones depends on how we frame them; reframing is not mere wishful thinking. Start small; don't tackle the biggest challenge first. Cheerfulness Cheerfulness is often synonymous with courage. The family is where we first learn to see challenges as opportunities. If parents foster a smiling approach to challenges, then even a quick thought of them can become a reframe for their children. An essential component of The Heights School's mission is to help students discover the adventure hidden in every challenge they face. Having spoken with Dr. Majeres, we might phrase this skill as the ability to turn the adrenaline of anxiety into the adventure of everyday life. Chapters 2:35 Introduction to Possible Solutions 3:55 A Snapshot of Mindfulness 5:08 A Snapshot of Addictions 6:45 A Quick Biography of Dr. Majeres 9:55 What is Anxiety? 13:34 Helping Young People with Anxiety 16:58 Parents as Savvy Exposure Therapy Coaches 19:12 The "A" Word: Should We Name It? 20:06 Safety Training 23:23 Reframing from a Parent's Perspective 25:21 What is Reframing? 26:28 Game Theory 28:13 Double Exposure, Double Mastery 30:01 Breaking a Fixed Mindset 34:18 The Importance of Being Cheerful 36:50 Why Not to Complain 38:23 Learning to See Challenges as Opportunities 39:10 The Importance of Role Models 42: 55 Reframing Parental Anxiety Additional Resources The Golden Hour with Dr. Kevin Majeres Turning the Knots in Your Stomach into Bows by Jeremy Jamieson, et al. Mindset: The New Psychology of Success by Carol S. Dweck Also on The Forum "Learn to Turn": Tom Royals on Parental Prudence Parenting: Patience or Optimism with Andrew Reed The Stressed Son: The Causes of Adolescent Anxiety with Alvaro de Vicente Be the Rock: Fatherhood During Times of Crisis by Kyle Blackmer Toughness for the Adolescent Boy by Kyle Blackmer

In his first letter to the Corinthians, Paul tells us that he has "become all things to all people," so that he might better share the blessings of the Good News with more people. To become such a man who can be for all seasons, however, one must have been educated for all seasons. A preparation of this sort is precisely what the Liberal Arts, rooted in the Western Tradition, afford those who wish to pursue them. In Cicero's own words, these arts are apt for both all seasons and all settings: Though, even if there were no such great advantage to be reaped from [the study of literature], and if it were only pleasure that is sought from these studies, still I imagine you would consider it a most reasonable and liberal employment of the mind: for other occupations are not suited to every time, nor to every age or place; but these studies are the food of youth, the delight of old age; the ornament of prosperity, the refuge and comfort of adversity; a delight at home, and no hindrance abroad; they are companions by night, and in travel, and in the country. (Pro archia poeta, 7.16) Today we talk to Dr. Lionel Yaceczko about all things Western: Western Civilization, the Western Tradition, Western Culture. We discuss just what we mean by "the West," and why it has become so controversial in recent years. With Dr. Yaceczko's guidance, we consider why a deep study of The West is still worth protecting and promoting, beyond nostalgia and mere academic interest. In this week's episode, Dr. Yaceczko sets the stage by offering a high level definition of these concepts, and then arguing that there is, indeed, something worth protecting in our tradition. This is especially true if we are interested in critiquing events of our own time and of times past, because the Western tradition is the source of so many of the commonly accepted standards now used to evaluate human conduct. Important concepts such as equality under law and justice for all are born of this culture, extending roots into both Rome and Christianity, and growing in the rich soil of both Roman and non-Roman peoples alike. We might disagree about what they mean or how we use them, but perhaps that's a good place for us to start. And, if so, let's start at the very beginning: there was Rome, the Church, the Romans, and the Gentes. Chapters 2:39 Introduction 3:12 What do we mean by "The West"? 4:20 What is Paedea and in what does it consist? 6:46 Why should we care so much about the Western Tradition? 8:11 A poet on trial: Cicero's Pro archia poeta 16:50 A study for all ages 19:48 Why has the West become so controversial? 34:01 The most egalitarian form of elitism: Sharing the benefits we have received 36:27 Being just judges of the tradition: recognizing both the good and the bad 41:50 Righting wrongs from within: how the tradition gives us the very tools we use to critique it Suggested Reading The Making of Europe: An Introduction to the History of European Unity by Christopher Dawson Pro Archia Poeta by Marcus Tullius Cicero Also on The Forum On Christianity and the Classical Education with Dr. Lionel Yaceczko History the Way it Was by Bill Dardis Defining the Liberal Arts with Dr. Matthew Mehan Is The Heights a Classical School? with Michael Moynihan

In the opening paragraph of his Confessions, St. Augustine writes, "our hearts are restless until they rest in You." For many, the first half of this famous line is a well-known feeling; it is, in many ways, "the feeling of actual life," to put it in Hemingway's own terms. Indeed, there lives deep down a desire in all of our hearts for some mysterious reality — a green light across the bay — which seems to forever escape our grasp. Many are dreamers; fewer have found an object worthy of the greatness of their yearning. What do we do about a situation such as this? And what, if anything, can modern literature do to help us? This week, we sit down with Mike Ortiz to discuss one of the Upper School's new courses in the English Department. The course we discuss considers two men who, though both great American authors of the first half of the twentieth century, differed greatly in both their lifestyles and their styles of writing. The authors are the effervescent and romantic F. Scott Fitzgerald and the macho, realist Ernest Hemingway. For all their differences, however, both men shared at least one trait: a taste for the tragedies of life. Although their styles may diverge syntactically and verbally, the substance of what they express hits the reader with an equally direct force. In this episode, Mike helps us approach some of the darker aspects of these two men's lives and literature, seeing their works in the broader context of their lives and their lives in the broader context of our liberal arts curriculum at The Heights. It's difficult, Mike's interlocutor reminds us, to be truly a man fully alive and not feel much pain, for to have lived fully is to have loved with a full heart; and, on this side of paradise, to have loved means to have suffered much. But, as we hear in the episode, reading and studying great authors such as these and, what is more, learning to see the tragic characters of their works in a broad context may be more than a little help in preparing our students to face the many tragic romances of a dreamer and encounter the realism of true Romance. Chapters 2:17 Background to Hemingway's Good Friday 5:55 A New Model for English Classes 10:44 The Great Contrast: A Romantic and A Realist 16:05 The Iceberg Theory 23:13 How to Read Modern Literature without Becoming a Cynic 26:35 The Danger of Cynicism 28:00 To Get the Feeling of Actual Life 30:05 From The Sun Also Rises 35:04 The Loneliness and Inadequacy of Promiscuity 37:38 From The Great Gatsby 41:14 A Dreamer without an Object 43:30 From My Lost City 44:30 Called Back to Love: Dante and Fitzgerald 45:40 From Troubled Lives to Decline and Death 50:15 The Tragedy Behind the Tragedy Further Reading Today is Friday by Ernest Hemingway The Sun Also Rises by Ernest Hemingway For Whom the Bell Tolls by Ernest Hemingway This Side of Paradise by F. Scott Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald My Lost City by F. Scott Fitzgerald Hemingway's Brain by Andrew Farah On Stories by C.S. Lewis The Troubled Catholicism of Ernest Hemingway by Robert Inchausti Also on The Forum Hemingway's Good Friday by Mike Ortiz Modern Literature: On Curating the Contemporary with Mike Ortiz Exploring and Expressing the Human Condition through Literature with Mike Ortiz

Growing up is, at least in part, a process of learning to ask, and learning to answer, certain fundamental questions. These include timeless queries such as "Who am I?" and "Why am I here?" Our sons, in particular, might ask themselves, "What does it mean to be a man?" and "What is the point of my life right now, given that I'm not a man yet?" Our boys' attempts to answer these questions, along with the answers those efforts yield, will lead them to a certain self-awareness—an identity of sorts. Ultimately, we want our boys to know themselves as they are: beloved sons of a Creator God who loves them deeply as a Father. Their lives, then, become an adventure of deepening in that awareness and of living accordingly. The earlier our lads can start down this path, the better. In this episode, our headmaster explores: How we all develop self-awareness How our boys, in particular, do this, especially by means of a "persona" How we, as parents, can foster a healthy persona in our sons. As the great sage, Yogi Berra, reminds us: you've got to be very careful if you don't know where you are going, because you might not get there. This advice is true enough, but we can add that if you don't get going, you never will. So, let us not be paralyzed by perfection. As we help our sons sail out of port, we can trust that with the help of good friends, good teachers, and the Good God Himself, it won't be too long before he finds himself—and, even better, gives that self away out of love for the other. Chapters 2:50 Introduction 5:44 The Anxiety of Not Knowing Where to Go 9:22 Lecture Outline 10:15 How Your Discover Your Who Your Are 11:10 The Inward Way: Learning About Ourselves by Self-examination 16:35 The Outward Way: Learning About Ourselves by Interacting with Others 20:45 How a Young Man Navigates Identity Today 20:58 Comfort in Numbers 29:21 Developing a Persona 32:51 What Parents and Teachers Can Do to Help Boys Develop a Healthy Sense of Self 33:05 Identify and Guide the Persona 39:29 Show Boys Their Deeper Layers 47:52 The Power of Example 52:56 Conclusion: Why You Should Not Worry Also on The Forum Mr. Alvaro de Vicente on Moral Imagination: Part I Mr. Alvaro de Vicente on Moral Imagination: Part II The Issue of Identity: Who does your son think he is? By Mr. Rich Moss

As parents, we cannot help but yearn for our child's success. Obviously this is rooted in a beautiful and healthy love. But sometimes that love can give way to fear, and that fear leads to anxieties that are unhealthy, not only for us, but for our children as well. What can we do about this? How can we care deeply about our children, without worrying so much that our worrying actually begins to weigh on the little guys we're worrying about? This week, we bring to you a recent Heights Lecture given by Mr. Alex Berthé, Licensed Clinical Social Worker and former Heights teacher/mentor. Blending clinical expertise with his own personal experiences, Alex helps us unpack the forces—rooted in love, though often expressed in fear—that are feeding our anxieties. In particular, Alex offers reflections on four key areas: The importance of delighting in your children and really getting to know them, as they really are and not as you wish they were. Why it is essential to put the relationship with your spouse first and to find trusted partners in parenting. The need to leave behind perfectionism: good enough is enough to move our children toward the good. The necessity of deepening our faith in God and respecting the freedom of our children. Anchored in hope and optimism, Alex shares how we, as parents subject to these powerful yet often subconscious forces, can reinforce our boys' confidence in their identity as children of God through rediscovery of our own. As we hear, wisdom in parenting often consists in learning what things to ignore. If wisdom begins in wonder, as we hear from Socrates, then perhaps our worries will end when we learn to view our children—even at their lowest points—with the wonder with which our heavenly Father views us. Highlights What causes parental anxiety? The stages of child development and how parents respond. Striking the balance between demanding too much and letting too much pass by. Why comparisons in parenting can be detrimental. How much energy are you putting into achieving a particular outcome for your son? The importance of reframing in parenting. Why Charity must be our number one priority: don't cry over spilt milk. Wisdom in parenting is learning what to ignore. How our own fears and anxieties can manifest in our anxieties about our children. The importance of being vulnerable. We don't always need a solution; sometimes accompaniment is enough. Love the child that you actually have. Faith and freedom: your child is not you and you are not God. How parents themselves develop, even as their children do. What is the root of parental frustration? Why you should let your child make decisions for himself, even if he may err at times. People over papers: setting priorities straight. More than they show: why we must be attuned to what is occurring beneath the surface. Name it to tame it. Further Reading Compass: A Handbook on Parent Leadership by James B. Stenson Also on The Forum Toughness for the Adolescent Boy by Mr. Kyle Blackmer Learn to Turn: Tom Royals on Parental Prudence

In this week's episode, we sit down with Mr. Michael Moynihan to discuss his new book, The Talk and Beyond. In the book, Michael shows parents how they can best communicate to their children God's plan for human love. The book offers insights on how parents can comprehensively form their children to embrace the beauty of marriage. In this episode, we speak with Michael about: The significance of the title: why the beyond part is crucial. What "the talk" is and how parents can approach it. Why his book is especially relevant in today's current culture. The broader context—both historical and philosophical—for his book's insights. Some key messages that his book seeks to convey. As we hear from Michael in the episode, it is not enough to present God's plan for human love as a series of negative rules. What is needed, rather, is to form men and women who are prepared to embrace the positive adventure that love entails. We need to help our children be daring so that, when they are sent into the world, they will be prepared to live out that crusade of manliness which our world needs, and to undo the savage work of those who see man as merely a beast. "To be happy," wrote St. Josemaria, "what you need is not an easy life but a heart which is in love." And, we might add, to have a heart in love is not the work of a single moment, but the task of a whole life. Indeed, this is the task of each day: to grow ever deeper in love. Show Highlights The meaning of the title The talk: what it is and how to do it Why the beyond part is more important How to communicate the beauty of God's plan for the love between a man and a woman Why both indirect and direct means of formation are necessary Why it is not enough to just have the talk and then move on Importance of the book in today's culture. How this book relates to Michael's other projects Why a child's identity ought to be rooted in God On the broader context for navigating cultural trends What is the role of educators in these matters? How literature, movies, and other forms of entertainment shape our children's notion of love The importance of telling the love story of mom and dad How do you prepare kids to enter a wounded world Why we need to set our sights very high Further Reading Irreversible Damage by Abigail Shrier Decisive Parenting by Michael Moynihan The Father and His Family by Michael Moynihan

On this week's episode, we discuss technology with Mr. John Beatty, IT director at The Heights School. While in past episodes we have spoken about smartphones, social media, and other forms of digital technology, in this episode we turn our attention particularly to the use of the internet on desktop computers. As always, our aim is not merely to put up walls and make rules, but rather to help our sons grow in freedom. Our sons are not machines to be programmed, but rather humans to be formed; and this means that their intellect and will must be engaged. In the end, we want to graduate men who are prepared to embrace all that is good in the modern world, and so it is important that they be capable of using technology well. To this end, Mr. Beatty offers advice that is not only technical, but also human: What are some overarching themes parents should keep in mind as they begin to introduce their children to technology? Computer security is not perfect; a filter is insufficient. It is important to consider the human aspects of technology use. A relationship of trust is fundamental. All things in due time; it is important to consider the age of our children. What age would you begin to introduce your child to the internet? Need to see the internet as a tool, not a toy; introduce it according to need, not whim. Important to keep the computer in a public place Important to help them to use this machine, just as we do when teaching our children to drive. It can be helpful to have different accounts. How would you introduce more freedom when the child reaches middle school? Use parental controls as guard rails to help them, as they grow in virtue. Teach them to use their time well. Helpful to have the default setting be more locked down and then add things as needed. How do you approach the transition from middle to upper school? Remember that filters and walls will only prevent around 80% of negative content. Parents have the responsibility to be attentive to their children's computer use. As they grow, you can increase their freedom, just as one does with driving a car. Is checking our child's accounts a breach of trust? It is important to build relationships outside of negative rules. Think of the internet as analogous to eating. How should parents who are not technologically savvy approach these questions? Helpful to use physical metaphors. Google is your friend. Ask other parents for help! Also on The Forum Virtuous Use of Technology with Mr. Joe Cardenas Digital Minimalism with Cal Newport Computers and Technology in Education at The Heights by Michael Moynihan When is Your Son Ready for a Smartphone with Mr. de Vicente When is He Ready for a Smartphone with Mr. Alex Berthe