Rob Reid is an author and podcaster. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lex and use code LEX to get 1 month of fish oil – Belcampo: https://belcampo.com/lex and use code LEX to get 20% off first order – Fundrise: https://fundrise.com/lex – NetSuite: http://netsuite.com/lex to get free product tour EPISODE LINKS: Rob’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/rob_reid After On Podcast: https://after-on.com/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (08:33) – The most entertaining outcome is the most likely (14:52) – Meme theory (18:12) – Writing process (24:59) – Engineered viruses as a threat to human civilization (32:45) – Gain-of-function research on viruses (44:54) – Did COVID leak from a lab? (52:15) – Virus detection (1:00:04) – Failure of institutions (1:07:48) – Using AI to engineer viruses (1:12:07) – Evil and competence (1:21:26) – Where are the aliens? (1:25:19) – Backing up human consciousness by colonizing space (1:34:48) – Superintelligence and consciousness (1:46:12) – Meditation (1:54:20) – Fasting (2:00:20) – Greatest song of all time (2:05:46) – Early days of music streaming (2:17:39) – Startup advice (2:30:50) – Podcasting (2:46:12) – Advice for young people (2:55:15) – Mortality (3:00:41) – Meaning of life

Charles Hoskinson is the founder of Cardano, co-founder of Ethereum, a mathematician, and a farmer. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Gala Games: https://gala.games/lex – Allform: https://allform.com/lex to get 20% off – Indeed: https://indeed.com/lex to get $75 credit – ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod and use code LexPod to get 3 months free – Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/lex and use code LEX to get special savings EPISODE LINKS: Charles’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/IOHK_Charles Charles’s YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/user/charleshoskinson Cardano Website: https://cardano.org/ IOHK Website: https://iohk.io/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (09:12) – What programming language is the simulation written in? (14:17) – Favorite philosophers (23:18) – Theory vs engineering in cryptocurrency (34:27) – What programming languages should everyone learn (42:42) – Haskell and beyond (46:26) – Plutus: Cardano’s smart contract platform based on Haskell (50:53) – What is a blockchain? (55:05) – Hybrid smart contracts (1:00:55) – Proof of work vs proof of stake (1:09:42) – Cardano’s proof of stake consensus algorithm (1:20:14) – What is Cardano? (1:28:55) – Cardano vs Ethereum vs Bitcoin (1:38:50) – The problem with Bitcoin (1:48:24) – Bitcoin Conference (1:52:05) – Ergo and Alex Chepurnoy (1:59:15) – Cardano’s Extended UTXO Model (2:06:27) – Chainlink and Oracle Networks (2:13:40) – Cardano and Wolfram Alpha (2:18:35) – The future of video games (2:27:10) – Smart contracts timeline for Cardano (2:34:40) – Decentralized exchanges (2:40:21) – Jack Dorsey and Bitcoin (2:46:33) – Elon Musk and Tesla: Cardano, Ethereum, Bitcoin (2:49:50) – Dogecoin and Elon Musk (3:01:11) – Hydra vs Lightning Network (3:08:45) – Non-Interactive Proofs of Proof-of-Work (NIPoPoWs) (3:12:39) – Cardano failure modes (3:21:00) – Cardano vs Polkadot (3:26:05) – Vitalik Buterin (3:34:16) – Corrupting nature of power (3:44:26) – Satoshi Nakamoto (3:50:37) – Cardano’s vision for decentralized governance (4:03:31) – Cardano in Ethiopia (4:07:33) – El Salvador and Bitcoin (4:13:50) – Cryptocurrency will inject capitalism with long-term incentives (4:23:42) – Day in the life of Charles Hoskinson (4:30:59) – Mushrooms (4:37:07) – Joe Rogan (4:42:00) – Video games (4:54:14) – Advice for young people (4:57:23) – Meaning of life

Daniel Schmachtenberger is a philosopher interested understanding the rise and fall of societies and individuals. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Ground News: https://ground.news/lex – NetSuite: http://netsuite.com/lex to get free product tour – Four Sigmatic: https://foursigmatic.com/lex and use code LexPod to get up to 60% off – Magic Spoon: https://magicspoon.com/lex and use code LEX to get $5 off – BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex to get 10% off EPISODE LINKS: Daniel’s Website: https://civilizationemerging.com/ The Consilience Project: https://consilienceproject.org/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (08:05) – Aliens and UFOs (26:50) – Collective intelligence of human civilization (34:46) – Consciousness (46:08) – How much computation does the human brain perform? (49:47) – Humans vs ants (57:04) – Humans are apex predators (1:04:08) – Girard’s Mimetic Theory of Desire (1:24:05) – We can never completely understand reality (1:27:29) – Self-terminating systems (1:37:52) – Catastrophic risk (2:08:04) – Adding more love to the world (2:35:29) – How to build a better world (2:52:41) – Meaning of life (3:00:23) – Death (3:06:04) – The role of government in society (3:23:29) – Exponential growth of technology (4:09:10) – Lessons from my father (4:14:46) – Even suffering is filled with beauty

Jordan Ellenberg is a mathematician and author of Shape and How Not to Be Wrong. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Secret Sauce: https://wondery.com/shows/secret-sauce/ – ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod and use code LexPod to get 3 months free – Blinkist: https://blinkist.com/lex and use code LEX to get 25% off premium – Indeed: https://indeed.com/lex to get $75 credit EPISODE LINKS: Jordan’s Website: http://www.jordanellenberg.com Jordan’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/JSEllenberg PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (06:44) – Mathematical thinking (10:21) – Geometry (14:58) – Symmetry (25:29) – Math and science in the Soviet Union (33:09) – Topology (47:57) – Do we live in many more than 4 dimensions? (52:28) – How many holes does a straw have (1:01:53) – 3Blue1Brown (1:07:40) – Will AI ever win a Fields Medal? (1:16:05) – Fermat’s last theorem (1:33:23) – Reality cannot be explained simply (1:39:08) – Prime numbers (2:00:37) – John Conway’s Game of Life (2:12:29) – Group theory (2:15:45) – Gauge theory (2:23:47) – Grigori Perelman and the Poincare Conjecture (2:33:59) – How to learn math (2:41:08) – Advice for young people (2:43:13) – Meaning of life

David Sinclair is a geneticist at Harvard and author of Lifespan. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Onnit: https://lexfridman.com/onnit to get up to 10% off – Clear: https://clearme.com/lexpod and use code LexPod to get 2 months free – National Instruments (NI): https://www.ni.com/perspectives – SimpliSafe: https://simplisafe.com/lex and use code LEX to get a free security camera – Linode: https://linode.com/lex to get $100 free credit EPISODE LINKS: David’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/davidasinclair David’s Website: https://lifespanbook.com PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (09:34) – Staying young at heart (13:31) – Bringing people back to life (19:05) – Wearables and tracking health data (28:18) – How to solve aging (38:23) – Why do we age? (43:50) – Genetic reset switch that reverses aging (46:20) – AI in biology (48:52) – Health data (56:58) – Fasting (1:04:29) – Diet (1:12:41) – Exercise (1:18:01) – Sleep (1:26:29) – Data (1:32:00) – Extending lifespan (1:34:42) – Immortality (1:40:28) – Denial of death (1:43:45) – Meaning of life without death

Vitalik Buterin is the co-founder of Ethereum. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lex and use code LEX to get 1 month of fish oil – Magic Spoon: https://magicspoon.com/lex and use code LEX to get $5 off – Indeed: https://indeed.com/lex to get $75 credit – Four Sigmatic: https://foursigmatic.com/lex and use code LexPod to get up to 60% off – BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex to get 10% off EPISODE LINKS: Vitalik’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin Vitalik’s Blog: https://vitalik.ca/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (08:18) – Shiba Inu story (25:35) – Regulation (29:48) – Crime (34:54) – Proof of stake vs proof of work (47:43) – Miner extractable value (53:19) – Scaling (54:42) – Bitcoin blocksize wars (1:00:51) – Hard fork vs soft fork (1:04:34) – Craig Wright (1:11:18) – Scaling: Sharding (1:18:07) – Scaling: Rollups (1:26:30) – Polygon and other Layer 2 technologies (1:34:11) – Merging PoS and PoW chains (1:43:49) – Lessons learned from Ethereum 2.0 failure incidents (1:52:35) – Bitcoin vs Ethereum (1:58:30) – Dogecoin (2:04:38) – Elon Musk (2:07:15) – Chainlink (2:10:35) – Charles Hoskinson and Cardano (2:18:08) – AI safety (2:23:07) – NFTs (2:25:57) – Scams (2:35:34) – Longevity (2:44:55) – Does death give meaning to life? (2:50:38) – Lex and Vitalik speak Russian (2:54:29) – Meaning of life (2:59:48) – Dan Carlin’s Hardcore History and WWII

Frank Wilczek is a Nobel Prize winning physicist at MIT. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – The Information: https://theinformation.com/lex to get 75% off first month – NetSuite: http://netsuite.com/lex to get free product tour – ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod and use code LexPod to get 3 months free – Blinkist: https://blinkist.com/lex and use code LEX to get 25% off premium – Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/lex and use code LEX to get special savings EPISODE LINKS: Frank’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/FrankWilczek Frank’s Website: https://www.frankawilczek.com/ Fundamentals: Ten Keys to Reality (book): https://amzn.to/3vLPyQB PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (08:39) – Are there limits to what physics can understand? (17:31) – Beautiful ideas in physics (25:59) – Space and time are really big (29:47) – There are billions of thoughts in a human life (37:09) – Big bang (45:31) – How life emerged in the universe (51:33) – Aliens (1:01:25) – Consciousness (1:08:53) – Limits of physics (1:14:29) – Complimentary principle (1:23:34) – Free will (1:29:47) – Particles (1:35:10) – Nobel Prize in Physics (1:48:24) – Axions and dark matter (2:03:50) – Time crystals (2:08:42) – Theory of everything (2:18:10) – Advice for young people (2:23:52) – Meaning of life

Bryan Johnson is the founder and CEO of Kernel, OS Fund, and previously Braintree. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Four Sigmatic: https://foursigmatic.com/lex and use code LexPod to get up to 60% off – NetSuite: http://netsuite.com/lex to get free product tour – Grammarly: https://grammarly.com/lex to get 20% off premium – ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod and use code LexPod to get 3 months free EPISODE LINKS: Bryan’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/bryan_johnson Bryan’s Website: https://www.bryanjohnson.co/ Kernel’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/KernelCo Kernel’s Website: https://www.kernel.com/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (06:57) – Kernel Flow demo (16:10) – The future of brain-computer interfaces (49:39) – Existential risk (55:18) – Overcoming depression (1:10:36) – Zeroth principles thinking (1:18:50) – Engineering consciousness (1:25:03) – Privacy (1:29:33) – Neuralink (1:39:11) – Braintree and Venmo (1:54:54) – Eating one meal a day (2:01:07) – Sleep (2:20:49) – Climbing Mount Kilimanjaro (2:27:47) – Advice for young people (2:32:23) – Meaning of life

Sam Harris is an author, podcaster, and philosopher. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – National Instruments (NI): https://www.ni.com/perspectives – Belcampo: https://belcampo.com/lex and use code LEX to get 20% off first order – Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lex and use code LEX to get 1 month of fish oil – Linode: https://linode.com/lex to get $100 free credit EPISODE LINKS: Sam’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/SamHarrisOrg Sam’s Website: https://samharris.org/ Sam’s YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCNAxrHudMfdzNi6NxruKPLw PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (08:18) – Where do thoughts come from? (14:18) – Consciousness (31:50) – Psychedelics (41:14) – Nature of reality (58:09) – Free will (1:56:55) – Ego (2:05:59) – Joe Rogan (2:08:59) – How will human civilization destroy itself? (2:16:27) – AI (2:37:10) – Jordan Peterson (2:45:12) – UFOs (2:53:02) – Brazilian Jiu Jitsu (3:02:47) – Love (3:13:50) – Meaning of life

Katherine de Kleer is a professor of Planetary Science and Astronomy at Caltech. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Fundrise: https://fundrise.com/lex – Blinkist: https://blinkist.com/lex and use code LEX to get 25% off premium – ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod and use code LexPod to get 3 months free – Magic Spoon: https://magicspoon.com/lex and use code LEX to get $5 off EPISODE LINKS: Katherine’s Website: http://web.gps.caltech.edu/~dekleer/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (07:07) – Pluto (12:14) – Kuiper belt (16:12) – How to study planets and moons (19:54) – Volcanoes on Io – moon of Jupiter (32:25) – Is there life in the oceans of Europa? (41:46) – How unlikely is life on Earth? (52:15) – Life on Venus (54:30) – Mars (1:01:17) – What is interesting about Earth as a planet? (1:11:55) – Weather patterns (1:17:04) – Asteroids (1:26:06) – Will an asteroid hit Earth soon? (1:34:50) – Oumuamua (1:50:00) – Book recommendations (1:56:37) – Advice for young people