Carl Hart is a psychologist at Columbia University. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/lex and use code Lex25 to get 25% off – Ten Thousand: https://www.tenthousand.cc/ and use code LEX to get 15% off – Four Sigmatic: https://foursigmatic.com/lex and use code LexPod to get up to 60% off – ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod and use code LexPod to get 3 months free EPISODE LINKS: Carl’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/drcarlhart Carl’s Website: https://drcarlhart.com Drug Use for Grown-Ups (book): https://amzn.to/3lVpq2Y PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (07:33) – The experience of drugs (18:38) – Drug use for grownups (24:21) – Studies on drugs (25:31) – Negative effects of drugs (30:59) – Should all drugs be legalized (36:27) – War on drugs: positive or negative (42:19) – Proper, positive, and misuse of drugs (46:40) – Recovery (53:34) – Drug depiction in movies (57:05) – How the study of drugs changed Carl (59:28) – Formative memories (1:03:57) – Greatest hip hop artist of all time (1:07:19) – What mind altering drugs teach us (1:11:26) – Advice for young people (1:13:31) – The meaning of life

Brian Greene is a theoretical physicist. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – The Prisoner Wine Company: https://theprisonerwine.com/lex to get 20% off & free shipping – Blinkist: https://blinkist.com/lex and use code LEX to get 25% off premium – LMNT: https://drinkLMNT.com/lex to get free sample pack – BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex to get 10% off – NI: https://www.ni.com/perspectives EPISODE LINKS: Brian’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/bgreene Brian’s Website: http://www.briangreene.org/ Until the End of Time (book): https://amzn.to/2XuqXUi PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (06:53) – Entropy (15:01) – Consciousness (31:20) – Quantum gravity (34:40) – String theory (48:07) – Time (1:00:39) – Free will (1:05:02) – Emergence and complexity (1:12:14) – The Big Bang (1:25:13) – Extraterrestrial life (1:35:35) – Space exploration (1:43:33) – Fear of death

Alex Gladstein is the Chief Strategy Officer at the Human Rights Foundation and the Oslo Freedom Forum. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Stripe: https://stripe.com – Paperspace: https://gradient.run/lex to get $15 credit – Codecademy: https://codecademy.com and use code LEX to get 15% off – NI: https://www.ni.com/perspectives – Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/lex and use code LEX to get special savings EPISODE LINKS: Alex’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/gladstein The Little Bitcoin Book: https://littlebitcoinbook.com/ Human Rights Foundation: https://hrf.org/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (08:36) – Universal human rights (22:35) – Authoritarianism (32:46) – AIs impact on civil liberties (44:09) – Edward Snowden and government surveillance (47:48) – Money (52:01) – Bitcoin (1:07:48) – Government response to Bitcoin (1:18:19) – The blockchain (1:23:42) – Can Bitcoin fail? (1:26:33) – Bitcoin scams (1:30:17) – Patriotism (1:32:41) – Human Rights Foundation (1:37:15) – Conflict with China (1:40:05) – Corporate accountability (1:55:27) – Garry Kasparov and the HRF (2:00:36) – Journalism, conversations, and truth (2:07:50) – Alex’s book recommendations (2:15:56) – Attacks on Bitcoin (2:17:35) – The future of humanity (2:21:57) – Advice for young people (2:33:13) – Meaning of life

Kelsi Sheren is a veteran, artillery gunner, and founder of Brass and Unity. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Shopify: https://shopify.com/lex to get 14-day free trial – Justworks: https://justworks.com – Novo: https://banknovo.com/lex – Indeed: https://indeed.com/lex to get $75 credit – Onnit: https://lexfridman.com/onnit to get up to 10% off EPISODE LINKS: Kelsi’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/kelsiburns Kelsi’s Website: https://brassandunity.com Kelsi’s Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/kelsie_sheren Charity: https://www.heroicheartsproject.org/ Do the F*cking Work (book): https://amzn.to/3mGhguF Notes from Underground (book): https://amzn.to/3mN5TRF Brothers in Arms (song): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jhdFe3evXpk PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (07:50) – World War II (18:54) – Yeonmi Park, starvation, and mental health (33:10) – Kelsi’s 9/11 experience (36:39) – Becoming a soldier (43:07) – Artillery: The Hand of God (52:49) – Weapons training (1:10:35) – Pre-Deployment (1:26:42) – Arrival to Afghanistan (1:48:55) – Tragic war story (2:13:59) – Feelings after tragedy (2:17:41) – The Taliban (2:23:17) – Retrospective: 20 years in Afghanistan (2:39:57) – How war changes people (2:45:18) – PTSD (3:14:13) – Ayahuasca and mental recovery (3:46:09) – Love (4:04:12) – Advice for young people (4:07:33) – Death (4:13:22) – World War II

Richard Wrangham is a biological anthropologist at Harvard, specializing in the study of primates and the evolution of violence, sex, cooking, culture, and other aspects of ape and human behavior. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – ROKA: https://roka.com/ and use code LEX to get 20% off your first order – Theragun: https://therabody.com/lex to get 30 day trial – ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod and use code LexPod to get 3 months free – NI: https://www.ni.com/perspectives – Grammarly: https://grammarly.com/lex to get 20% off premium EPISODE LINKS: Richard’s Website: https://heb.fas.harvard.edu/people/richard-w-wrangham The Goodness Paradox (book): https://amzn.to/3aqg9tg Catching Fire (book): https://amzn.to/3FAZAcz PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (08:13) – Violence in humans vs violence in chimps (27:45) – Study of violence in chimps (46:40) – Human evolution and violence (1:43:08) – The Goodness Paradox and Catching Fire (1:55:26) – How cooking changed our evolution (2:10:11) – The beauty of the human mind emerges (2:14:18) – A map of how chimps, gorillas, and humans are all related (2:26:50) – Preserving nature (2:34:41) – The meaning of life

RZA is a rapper, record producer, filmmaker, actor, writer, philosopher, and the mastermind of the legendary hip hop group Wu-Tang Clan. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – ROKA: https://roka.com/ and use code LEX to get 20% off your first order – Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lex and use code LEX to get 1 month of fish oil – SimpliSafe: https://simplisafe.com/lex and use code LEX to get a free security camera – Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/lex and use code LEX to get special savings – BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex to get 10% off EPISODE LINKS: RZA’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/RZA RZA’s Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/rza Wu-Tang Clan Website: https://wutangclan.net PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (06:57) – Life and death (14:16) – Quincy Jones (19:39) – Quentin Tarantino (23:05) – Kung Fu (28:01) – Biggie (29:48) – Tupac (32:45) – Nas (35:48) – Favorite verse (39:46) – Who is God? (44:56) – Wu-Tang Clan (48:49) – Bruce Lee (55:40) – Godfather (1:01:36) – Veganism (1:06:27) – AI (1:10:41) – Chess (1:14:00) – American Gangster (1:19:55) – Creativity (1:26:24) – Advice for young people (1:29:47) – Meaning of life

Sean Kelly is a philosopher at Harvard specializing in existentialism and the philosophy of mind. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Coinbase: https://coinbase.com/lex to get $5 in free Bitcoin – InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/lex and use code Lex25 to get 25% off – NetSuite: http://netsuite.com/lex to get free product tour – Ladder: https://ladderlife.com/lex – Sunbasket: https://sunbasket.com/lex and use code LEX to get $35 off EPISODE LINKS: Sean’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/sean_d_kelly Sean’s Website: https://scholar.harvard.edu/sdkelly Sean’s Wiki: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sean_Dorrance_Kelly PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (06:50) – Existentialism (26:58) – Nietzsche and nihilism (44:35) – Dostoevsky (1:00:02) – Camus and suicide (1:18:31) – The Big Lebowski (1:26:20) – Ayn Rand (1:36:28) – Evil (1:47:03) – Heidegger (1:58:43) – Hubert Dreyfus (2:04:35) – Moby Dick (2:15:51) – David Foster Wallace (2:36:03) – Can AI make art? (2:55:46) – Meaning of life

Jo Boaler is a professor of mathematics education at Stanford and the co-founder of youcubed. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Truebill: https://truebill.com/lex – Fundrise: https://fundrise.com/lex – ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod and use code LexPod to get 3 months free – Indeed: https://indeed.com/lex to get $75 credit – Stamps.com: https://stamps.com and use code LEX to get free postage & scale EPISODE LINKS: Jo’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/joboaler youcubed: https://www.youcubed.org/ Jo’s Books: https://amzn.to/2Y3S2xW Elastic by Leonard Mlodinow: https://amz.run/4tCk Deep Work by Cal Newport: https://amz.run/4tCl 3Blue1Brown: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw Manim: https://github.com/3b1b/manim PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (06:48) – What is beautiful about mathematics? (15:37) – How difficult should math really be? (23:56) – Students giving up on math (35:17) – Improving math education in schools (45:14) – Inspiring mathematical creativity (1:03:00) – youcubed (1:07:20) – Best methods for studying math (1:27:54) – Advice for young people

Jeffrey Shainline is a physicist at NIST working on. Note: Opinions expressed by Jeff do not represent NIST. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Stripe: https://stripe.com – Codecademy: https://codecademy.com and use code LEX to get 15% off – Linode: https://linode.com/lex to get $100 free credit – BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex to get 10% off EPISODE LINKS: Jeff’s Website: http://www.shainline.net Jeff’s Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=rnHpY3YAAAAJ Jeff’s NIST Page: https://www.nist.gov/people/jeff-shainline PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (05:56) – How are processors made? (25:15) – Are engineers or physicists more important (27:43) – Super-conductivity (43:31) – Computation (48:07) – Computation vs communication (51:48) – Electrons for computation and light for communication (1:02:32) – Neuromorphic computing (1:27:23) – What is NIST? (1:30:41) – Implementing super-conductivity (1:38:20) – The future of neuromorphic computing (1:57:54) – Loop neurons (2:04:09) – Machine learning (2:18:36) – Cosmological evolution (2:25:44) – Cosmological natural selection (2:43:05) – Life in the universe (2:50:52) – The rare Earth hypothesis

Travis Oliphant is a data scientist, entrepreneur, and creator of NumPy, SciPy, and Anaconda. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Novo: https://banknovo.com/lex – Allform: https://allform.com/lex to get 20% off – Onnit: https://lexfridman.com/onnit to get up to 10% off – Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lex and use code LEX to get 1 month of fish oil – Blinkist: https://blinkist.com/lex and use code LEX to get 25% off premium EPISODE LINKS: Travis’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/teoliphant Travis’s Wiki Page: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travis_Oliphant NumPy: https://numpy.org/ SciPy: https://scipy.org/about.html Anaconda: https://www.anaconda.com/products/individual Quansight: https://www.quansight.com PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (07:06) – Early programming (28:47) – SciPy (45:41) – Open source (57:23) – NumPy (1:34:39) – Guido van Rossum (1:46:57) – Efficiency (1:55:49) – Objects (2:02:47) – Numba (2:11:53) – Anaconda (2:16:20) – Conda (2:31:56) – Quansight Labs (2:35:32) – OpenTeams (2:43:05) – GitHub (2:48:35) – Marketing (2:53:13) – Great programming (3:04:03) – Hiring (3:08:01) – Advice for young people