Science Weekly

Phoebe Weston, a biodiversity reporter at The Guardian, dives deep into the alarming issue of pharmaceutical pollution in the UK's pristine rivers. She reveals that even protected national parks are not safe, with many contaminated by various medications. The conversation highlights the role of ineffective sewage treatment and the health risks linked to rising antimicrobial resistance. Phoebe also discusses the hidden impact of household and veterinary chemicals on wildlife, emphasizing an urgent need for better monitoring and pollution control.

Patrick Barkham, a Guardian nature writer renowned for his insights on invertebrates, dives into the world of overlooked critters. He discusses the ongoing poll for the world’s finest invertebrate, shining a spotlight on creatures like the fen raft spider and the tongue-biting louse. Barkham emphasizes the ecological significance of these unsung heroes and shares powerful stories from readers advocating for their favorites. The conversation highlights the resilience of these tiny beings and their vital roles in our ecosystems.

Javier Gonzalez, a professor in the Department of Health at the University of Bath, dives into the ketogenic diet, dissecting its science and appeal. He explains how cutting carbs can flip the body's energy source to fat, leading to quick weight loss. However, he also warns about potential health risks, including cholesterol issues and gut microbiome changes. Gonzalez discusses the psychological factors that keep people on the diet, highlighting its impact on blood glucose control, particularly for those with type 2 diabetes. A thought-provoking discussion on the balance between benefits and risks!

Johana Bhuiyan, a Senior tech reporter at The Guardian US, and Timothy Caulfield, a law professor specializing in health and biotechnology, delve into the dramatic rise and fall of 23andMe. They discuss the initial excitement surrounding its DNA testing innovation and the ethical challenges of privacy as users now scramble to delete their data post-bankruptcy. The conversation also uncovers the complexities of genetic testing, the impact on personal health, and the evolving accuracy of ancestry results, sparking insights into consumer awareness.

Nick Turk-Browne, a Yale psychology and neuroscience professor, delves into the enigma of infantile amnesia—our inability to recall early childhood memories. He explores the role of the hippocampus in memory formation and discusses groundbreaking fMRI research on how infants begin to form episodic memories. Turk-Browne considers the implications of language and self-awareness in memory development, revealing how this phenomenon shapes our identities and challenges traditional views of early memory retention.

Discover how dark energy, the enigmatic force driving the universe's expansion, is seemingly weakening over time. Experts delve into its implications for cosmic fate and challenge long-held beliefs about this mysterious energy. Insights from a Nobel laureate reveal key revelations that could reshape our understanding of the universe. Plus, learn how type 1A supernovae serve as essential markers for measuring expansion, boosting our knowledge of cosmic dynamics and prompting fresh debates in astrophysics.

Lisa Bachelor, the Guardian Seascape editor, shares insights from her visit to the Deep project, an ambitious initiative aimed at creating permanent underwater habitats. She discusses the promise of the Sentinel habitat, designed for marine research and human health studies. The conversation dives into the technical challenges and innovative solutions for sustaining life underwater, along with the project's mysterious funding and its visionary goal to enhance our relationship with the ocean. It's a fascinating look at humanity's next frontier!

Ludger Wößmann, a professor of economics at the University of Munich, challenges the stereotype of inevitable cognitive decline with age. He discusses groundbreaking research revealing that maintaining mental sharpness is possible through continuous skill engagement. Key insights highlight the significance of mental exercises, social interactions, and physical fitness. Wößmann also emphasizes how literacy and numeracy skills can be preserved with active practice, especially for different occupational groups, debunking myths surrounding aging and cognition.

The Mars we know now is arid and dusty, with punishing radiation levels. But, as science correspondent Nicola Davis tells Madeleine Finlay, two new studies add weight to the idea that billions of years ago the red planet was a much wetter place. Nicola explains why researchers now think it was once home to sandy beaches, what a study looking into the type of rust on the planet has revealed about its damp past, and what all this might tell us about the former habitability of Mars. Help support our independent journalism at theguardian.com/sciencepod

Recent lunar missions have showcased private companies achieving soft landings on the moon, pushing the boundaries of space exploration. Tension arises as scientists question Elon Musk's role within the Royal Society, reflecting on accountability in science. A groundbreaking study suggests that men with higher-quality sperm may live two to three years longer, linking reproductive health and longevity. This research prompts concerns over low sperm quality and its association with early mortality, signaling a need for deeper investigation into male health.