Historian Kate Gibson, author of *Illegitimacy, Family, and Stigma in England*, dives into the shocking realities of 18th-century illegitimacy. She explores the harsh societal stigma faced by children born out of wedlock and the evolving attitudes towards female sexuality. The discussion highlights the intriguing case of William IV and his illegitimate children, and digs into how historical biases continue to ripple into modern times. Kate also examines the emotional struggles of these children and the impact of changing laws on single mothers.

Eleanor Janega, co-host of the podcast Gone Medieval, dives into the fascinating world of medieval chastity. She humorously debunks the myth of chastity belts, revealing their Victorian roots rather than medieval use. The discussion uncovers profound societal implications regarding women's sexual purity, contrasting beliefs from significant historical figures. Janega explores the conflicting views on sexuality and chastity across genders, and how these issues still resonate today, shedding light on the ongoing challenges surrounding women’s sexuality.

In this enlightening discussion, historian Stephanie Budin delves into the vibrant sexual culture of Ancient Mesopotamia. She reveals how gender fluidity and sexual diversity were widely accepted, exemplified by the goddess Ishtar. The conversation challenges modern misconceptions about women’s roles, highlighting their autonomy and influence in society. Budin also critiques rigid interpretations of sexuality, exploring the complex interplay of religion and social norms. The insights shed light on a unique era where sexuality was celebrated rather than stigmatized.

Nina Edwards, an author known for her exploration of underwear history, joins the discussion to unravel the fascinating tales behind our undergarments. She dives into the evolution from playful codpieces to practical bloomers, shedding light on their cultural significance. The talk highlights how underwear has shaped women's identities and societal roles, especially during the Victorian era. Edwards also considers modern trends and how they reflect our current attitudes towards modesty and self-expression.

Dr. Eleanor Barraclough, an expert on the Viking Age and author of *Embers of the Hands*, joins to discuss Viking beauty and grooming routines. Discover how Vikings were more than just raiders; they were trendsetters in hairstyles and personal hygiene. Delve into their intriguing cultural exchanges with the Anglo-Saxons and the social significance of beards and body modifications. Learn about the often-overlooked roles of Viking women who defied typical beauty norms. This conversation reshapes our understanding of Viking identity and their nuanced legacy.

Dr. Jeff Meek, a lecturer in economic and social history at the University of Glasgow, dives into the intriguing world of cottaging. He reveals how public toilets became secretive meeting spots for the LGBTQ+ community, packed with hidden signals and risks. The conversation explores the historical suppression of homosexuality in Britain and the complexities surrounding public sex and its legal challenges. Dr. Meek also sheds light on the intertwining of sex work and crime, further uncovering the intricate dynamics of privacy, intimacy, and societal norms.

In this engaging discussion, Jasmine Elmer, author of 'Goddess With A Thousand Faces,' reveals the powerful narratives of ancient goddesses. She dives into Artemis and her lessons on sexual autonomy, while Huitaca embodies rebellion and liberation. The complexities of Freya's character shed light on female empowerment, challenging historical perspectives on femininity. This conversation emphasizes the relevance of these mythological figures today, urging a re-examination of women's narratives in a modern context.

Rituals are a big part of this funny human experience, aren't they?Whether that's morning rituals like making your bed... or pagan rituals that involve stripping down to your birthday suit for certain ceremonies.The importance of nakedness is a big part of it, too, that can help separate you from this world and bring you closer to nature, and other realms.What other ways have naked rituals played a part in our history? And are they still practiced today?Joining Kate is the fantastic friend of the show, Ronald Hutton, author of The Pagan Rituals of the British Isles, to help us find out.This podcast was edited and produced by Stuart Beckwith. The senior producer was Charlotte Long.Enjoy unlimited access to award-winning original documentaries that are released weekly and AD-FREE podcasts. Sign here for up to 50% for 3 months using code BETWIXTYou can take part in our listener survey here.Betwixt the Sheets: History of Sex, Scandal & Society is a History Hit podcast.

Helen King, an author specializing in the history of the female body, joins the discussion to unravel the perplexing ancient Greek concepts surrounding women's anatomy. They explore the comical depiction of the womb as an octopus and the absurd medical beliefs about female anatomy that persist today. Topics include the cultural obsession with virginity, misconceptions about the clitoris, and the outdated medical practices based on these historical beliefs. The conversation reveals how these ancient views continue to shape societal attitudes toward women's health and identity.

What was it really like inside a Victorian operating theatre? Did people really smoke cigars and eat oysters while they watched high risk surgery taking place? And what were the most common procedures?In today's episode Kate joins Dr. Monica in the Old Operating Theatre in London, to find out about the sights, smells and screams you would have heard there in the 19th century.Find out more about the museum here: https://oldoperatingtheatre.com/This episode was edited by Tom Delargy. The producer was Stuart Beckwith. The senior producer was Charlotte Long.Enjoy unlimited access to award-winning original documentaries that are released weekly and AD-FREE podcasts. Sign here for up to 50% for 3 months using code BETWIXTYou can take part in our listener survey here.Betwixt the Sheets: History of Sex, Scandal & Society is a History Hit podcast.