Sustainability In Your Ear

The future lies in our farmlands — as the fossil fuels industry fades, crops like camelina, a flowering seed oil plant from the Meditteranean region, may serve as a source of plant-based sustainable airline fuels, feedstock for making bioplastics and nutritional oils. We welcome back Dr. Oliver Peoples, president and CEO of Yield10 Bioscience, to discuss the company’s progress in engineering camelina to produce more oil for a variety of uses. Since he last talked with us two years ago, Yield10 has announced agreements with Mitsubishi Corporation and American Airlines to develop biofuels and progress on developing camelina strains that are more efficient and herbicide-resistant. During the Fall of 2022, farmers in the US and Canada planted Yield10-engineered camelina as a winter crop for the first time.Genetic engineering remains a controversial subject, and introducing herbicide-resistant strains of camelina could encourage the use of more soil-harming weed control chemicals. Oliver is an evangelist for regenerative agricultural practices, which typically discourage using chemical inputs like herbicides. We discuss how no-till cover crops like camelina can provide additional income for farmers and encourage the restoration of complex root structures and biomes in the soil, offering new choices to farmers and consumers. He argues that contemporary genetic engineering uses vastly greater volumes of data to pre-check the impact of a gene mutation on a plant, the environment, and people before actually making the modification a reality. You can learn more about Yield10 at https://www.yield10bio.com/acz1W1wb5eFT8jFLsR34

Vertical farming, the emerging indoor approach to growing greens and other vegetables, has begun to transform agriculture. This food revolution is starting from the center of cities, where unused industrial space is now being converted to grow produce for local consumers. Marc Oshima, Co-founder and Chief Marketing Officer of AeroFarms brings a career's worth of marketing experience at Toys R Us, L'Oreal, and Turner Broadcasting, among others, to develop a new approach to growing and selling fresh produce. AeroFarms offers a variety of greens, including arugula, wasabi mustard, kale, and other blends designed for surprising flavor. The company's farming technology is reported to be 390 times more productive than growing produce on a traditional farm, and it uses 95% less water.AeroFarms is a Certified B Corp that works to create social and environmental benefits, not just a profit. They plan expansions to create local jobs, eliminate food deserts, and build sustainable communities. The company has been recognized for its FlavorSpectrum Philosophy, a labeling approach that illustrates the taste profile of the greens to help cooks create salads and meals with specific flavor characteristics. AeroFarms greens are available in low-impact packaging that uses recycled plastic at Whole Foods, Walmart, ShopRite, and other grocers, in addition to home delivery from Amazon Fresh and FreshDirect. You can learn more about AeroFarms at https://www.aerofarms.com/

Carbon removal strategies will play an essential role in drawing down CO2 levels. A carbon removal industry is developing that includes natural options like planting trees and restoring prairies and wetlands, pulling CO2 from the atmosphere with Direct Air Capture, and various technical approaches that engineer changes in the environment or rely on injecting CO2 into deep geological structures. But will the industry be a good neighbor to the human communities and the natural world? That's the question asked by our guests, Nikki Batchelor, director of the $100-million XPRIZE Carbon Removal program, and Alayna Chuney, managing advisor at Carbon180, an NGO working to reduce and reverse the impact of carbon emissions. The XPRIZE, funded by the Musk Foundation, awarded 15 $1-million interim prizes during 2022 to the most promising entrants on a path to deliver a viable carbon capture business that can remove at least 1,000 tons of CO2 per year. The remainder of the prize will be presented by Earth Day 2025. Following the first round of awards, the XPRIZE team and Carbon180 surveyed entrants to understand their commitment to environmental justice. In February, they released a report, From the Ground Up: Recommendations for Building an Environmentally Just Carbon Removal Industry, that summarizes their findings and presents recommendations about how the nascent industry should engage with the communities where they operate. Nikki and Alayna were the report's lead authors, and they discuss environmental justice, community involvement, and how to achieve an equitable carbon capture industry. You can learn more about the XPRIZE for Carbon Removal at https://www.xprize.org/ and Carbon180's mission and work are explained at https://carbon180.org/

Energy generation and distribution are experiencing the kind of disruption that transformed many other industries over the past 20 years. But the electric grid is a stubbornly rigid physical infrastructure that will require vast investments to modernize. Dr. Tim Lieuwen, Regents’ Professor and executive director of the Strategic Energy Institute at Georgia Tech, joins the conversation to discuss accelerating the pace of electrification of transportation and modernization of the electric grid to support renewable energy generation and distribution. The changes that will follow the reorganization of the grid will also transform our relationship to energy as fundamentally as the introduction of electricity and power distribution lines in the late 1800s. It will be a challenging, fascinating, and sometimes terrifying time for energy companies, investors, and consumers.Dr. Lieuwen is the author of four books on the physics of combustion and gas turbine engines, as well as a member of governing or advisory boards for Oak Ridge National Lab, Pacific Northwest National Lab, and the National Renewable Energy Lab, among others. Discover how the Inflation Reduction Act and Bipartisan Infrastructure Law contribute to rapid progress in renewable power and electrification of the economy. We also explore how long fossil fuels will stay in the energy mix and the lessons of Texas' 2021 winter storm power outages. You can learn more about him at https://ae.gatech.edu/directory/person/timothy-charles-lieuwen

Transportation in the modern world needs to make more sense. We pay tens of thousands of dollars for vehicles that sit unused about 95% of the time. We have designed an infrastructure based on car-centric population centers that have become hard-wired into the map and prevent the evolution of flexible alternatives to the internal combustion vehicle. With logistics and cloud technology, a car can be shared, and a new financing option can help. Meet Ezra Goldman, cofounder and CEO of Upshift, a San Francisco-based company rethinking the car lease, delivering vehicles for use on the days they are needed, and reallocating them to other users when they would be sitting idle. The company is doing a fund-raising campaign on WeFunder, a crowdfunding platform. Upshift hit its first goal, raising about $105,000 to accelerate its deployment of "fractional auto leasing" of hybrid and electric vehicles in San Francisco. The WeFunder campaign ends on April 30th and will support Upshift's expansion in Washington, DC.Uber and Lyft proved that car use can be maximized by connecting a driver and someone needing a ride or delivery. But that model still relies on the idea of static ownership, and many alternatives are possible now that the digital infrastructure has matured. Ezra explains why fractional leasing saves money and reduces the environmental impact of driving. He is an MIT graduate with a Master's Degree in Urban Planning, Design, and Mobile Technology, and he studied for a Ph.D. at the University of Copenhagen. Ezra also spent four months as a Lyft driver in 2017, an experience that convinced him never to use gig workers at Upshift. You can learn more about Upshift at https://www.upshiftcars.com/ and check out the WeFunder campaign at https://wefunder.com/upshift

The evolution of plastic recycling is essential to cleaning up a plastic-addicted world and eliminating the need for oil extraction. Meet Jodie Morgan, CEO of Nexus Circular, who discusses the company's progress and a flurry of news that has placed it at the forefront of the next generation of plastics recycling. In June of 2021, we talked with Jeff Gold, founder and CEO of Nexus Circular. At the time, the company had been operating a test facility for a couple of years. Nexus Circular developed an advanced chemical recycling technology that can make plastic as recyclable as metals, in which only a few percent of the material is lost each time it is processed. By contrast, traditional mechanical recycling technologies are effective only once or twice before the plastic molecules are degraded and become useless.Recyclable plastic does not justify buying more plastic. Still, the prospect of recycling mixed Plastics #2, #4, #5, and #6 to make new plastics means even landfilled plastics could be mined to replace raw petroleum as a feedstock. In January, Nexus raised $150 million to build additional capacity and launched a ten-year agreement to provide recycled plastic to Braskem America. In February, Nexus announced a long-term partnership with Chevron Phillips Chemical to make a circular form of polyethylene, the plastic used in food wraps, shopping bags, and detergent bottles. Given their progress, could a Nexus Circular IPO in the offing that might represent the first next-generation sustainable company to go public and ignite a stock market rally in green investing? You can learn more about Nexus Circular at https://nexuscircular.com/

Wasted energy flows into the environment all over the world, and an immense 247 trillion gallons of wastewater heated to an average temperature of 60.8F contributes to warming local waterways and the oceans. We could recapture the heat energy for other uses before returning water to rivers, lakes and the oceans. The process of harvesting that lost energy is known as wastewater energy transfer, or WET. Our guest, Lynn Mueller, CEO of Vancouver, BC-based SHARC Energy Systems, is a pioneer of WET technology. SHARC has installed its system in Vancouver to serve 6.4 million square feet of home, office, and hospital and educational space. Among other projects, SHARC is working to blend its WET technology with geothermal sources of energy to provide renewable heating and cooling energy, along with hot water to residents of a 316-unit affordable housing project in the Bronx section of New York City. A study by King County, Washington, found that reusing heat captured by WET systems reduced the carbon footprint of an office building by 34% and the footprint of a mixed-use buildings by 71%. WET technology is installed to allow warm sewage to pass through a thermal exchange system that captures the heat energy and transfers it for use generating electricity, warming water and building interiors. Once cooled, the sewage continues to a water treatment plant, where the sludge extracted can be converted into biofuels, and reintroduction into the environment without contribute to thermal forcing of river and ocean temperatures. These systems are efficient: WET energy costs 20% as much as generating the same amount of energy from other sources. You can learn more about SHARC Energy Systems WET technology at https://www.sharcenergy.com/

Take a deep dive into plastic recycling and the environmental impacts of plastic, aluminum and glass beverage containers. A recent lifecycle analysis published by the National Association for PET Container Resources (NAPCOR), the industry group whose members made the 485 billion polyethylene terephthalate, or #1 plastic, bottles that lined the shelves of groceries and convenience stores around the world during 2021. These bottles and frequently end up as litter in the environment. Lauren Laibach, director of data services at NAPCOR, joins the conversation to discuss the organization’s new analysis, which shows that PET bottles have a lower environmental impact than glass and aluminum beverage packaging.According to the report, which compared the packaging needed to deliver 1,000 gallons of beverages and not by comparing similarly sized bottles and and cans, PET bottles require 80% less energy to produce, create 80% less solid waste by weight, and use 53% less water during production. In addition to the reported energy, waste, and water reductions, PET packaging purportedly has a 74% lower global warming potential and generates 68-83% fewer acid rain- and smog-forming emissions. In 2021, however, only 28.6% of PET bottles and packaging were recycled, which lags behind the EPA’s reported 2018 data for metals, when 70.9% of steel cans and 50.4% of aluminum cans were recycled. NAPCOR’s Executive Director, Laura Stewart, said that the new lifecycle analysis shows “A PET bottle is 100% recyclable and can be made with 100% recycled content.” That is an inherently controversial statement and we’ll do our best to tease apart these complex findings. You can read the NAPCOR study at https://napcor.com/lca-report

Earth Day 2023, which takes place on April 22, marks the 53rd year that people have come out into the streets to rally for planetary responsibility, joined park and environmental cleanups, and participated in climate learning events. The first Earth Day was the largest public demonstration in history as of that that time. Michael Karapetian, the Great Global Cleanup Campaign Coordinator for Earth Day Network explains how to participate in this year's Great Global Cleanup events, which will be focused on improving the management of waste, particularly food waste. Cleanup events give everyone — individuals and organizations — the “opportunity to see the positive, tangible impacts their actions have on our environment and in the fight to create a waste-free world.” Getting out to clean up a park or a beach, where finding plastic litter is a powerful reminder about the choices we make when buying and disposing of items made with plastic, which range from fast-fashion polyester clothing to bottles and cigarette butts. Michael also provides updates about Earth Day Network's End Plastic Pollution movement and discusses recent reforestation projects in India, where the Canopy Project is planting mangrove trees in coastal areas. You can find local cleanups and learn how to participate in Earth Day events all year long at https://www.earthday.org/

eBay estimates that sales of used goods on the site earned $4.6 billion in 2022 and avoided sending 73,000 tons of usable products to landfills, which contributed to reducing carbon emissions by 1.6 million tons. Renee Morin, Chief Sustainability Officer at eBay, returns to the show to discuss the findings of the 2022 eBay Recommerce Report, a survey of more than 11,000 small sellers on the marketplace. Forty-two percent of the people surveyed said they rely on eBay to earn extra cash and 56% said they participate because it is less expensive while 93% reported that they believe it is important to shop in ways that are better for the environment.Renee discusses how sellers are changing as new generations grow into adulthood, embrace buying and selling used goods, and develop habits and income strategies that involve selling products instead of sending them to a landfill. eBay services, such as its Authenticity Guarantee and Refurbishment program, are critical to creating a trustworthy used-goods marketplace. She also reports on eBay's waste diversion efforts and how improved insight into its GHG emissions, particularly the shipping-related Scope 3 emissions that represent 99.01% of its carbon impact, will help the company reach its 2030 sustainability goals. You can read the third eBay Recommerce Report at https://www.ebayinc.com/impact/sustainable-commerce/recommerce-report/