

The Dissenter
Ricardo Lopes
My name is Ricardo Lopes, and I’m from Portugal. Thank you for visiting my podcast.
Over the past few years, I have conducted and released more than 900 interviews and talks with experts and academics from a variety of areas and disciplines, ranging from the Arts and Philosophy to the Social Sciences and Biology. You will certainly find a subject of your interest covered here.
New interviews are released on Mondays, Thursdays, and Fridays.
Over the past few years, I have conducted and released more than 900 interviews and talks with experts and academics from a variety of areas and disciplines, ranging from the Arts and Philosophy to the Social Sciences and Biology. You will certainly find a subject of your interest covered here.
New interviews are released on Mondays, Thursdays, and Fridays.
Episodes
Mentioned books

Nov 14, 2019 • 1h 3min
#255 Mark Sheskin: Moral Developmental Psychology
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RECORDED ON SEPTEMBER 5th, 2019.
Dr. Mark Sheskin is Assistant Professor of Social Sciences at Minerva Schools at KGI, and a Research Affiliate at Yale University, where he is coordinating thechidlab.com. His research interests are at the intersection of philosophy and psychology, with a particular focus on the origins of prosocial behavior and moral judgment.
In this episode, we talk about the developmental psychology of morality and moral philosophy. We start off with children’s care for equality and fairness, including the development of numerical and quality equality. We also refer to what we can learn from studying close primates. We discuss if morality can be objective. And near the end we also talk about how people think about economic inequality, and if it is a problem by itself, or if fairness is more important.
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Follow Dr. Sheskin’s work:
Faculty page: http://bit.ly/2lx05Qd
Website: http://bit.ly/2k26W3I
ResearchGate profile: http://bit.ly/2k26OBg
Thechildlab.com: http://bit.ly/2ku9k3m
Twitter handle: @msheskin
Relevant papers/books:
Anti-equality: Social comparison in young children: http://bit.ly/2k1MPml
Life-history theory explains childhood moral development: http://bit.ly/2m1ZJ4p
Some Equalities Are More Equal Than Others: Quality Equality Emerges Later Than Numerical Equality: http://bit.ly/2lyTBQY
The Evolution of Morality: Which Aspects of Human Moral Concerns Are Shared With Nonhuman Primates?: http://bit.ly/2kx8LWH
The Needs of the Many Do Not Outweigh the Needs of the Few: The Limits of Individual Sacrifice across Diverse Cultures: http://bit.ly/2kx8VgL
Why people prefer unequal societies: http://bit.ly/2khTEjT
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A HUGE THANK YOU TO MY PATRONS/SUPPORTERS: KARIN LIETZCKE, ANN BLANCHETTE, SCIMED, PER HELGE HAAKSTD LARSEN, LAU GUERREIRO, RUI BELEZA, ANTÓNIO CUNHA, CHANTEL GELINAS, JERRY MULLER, FRANCIS FORDE, HANS FREDRIK SUNDE, BRIAN RIVERA, ADRIANO ANDRADE, YEVHEN BODRENKO, SERGIU CODREANU, ADAM BJERRE, ŁUKASZ STAFINIAK, AIRES ALMEIDA, BERNARDO SEIXAS, HERBERT GINTIS, RUTGER VOS, RICARDO VLADIMIRO, BO WINEGARD, JOHN CONNORS, ADAM KESSEL, VEGA GIDEY, CRAIG HEALY, OLAF ALEX, PHILIP KURIAN, AND JONATHAN VISSER!
A SPECIAL THANKS TO MY PRODUCERS, YZAR WEHBE, ROSEY, AND JIM FRANK!

Nov 11, 2019 • 1h 21min
#254 Michael Gurven: Division Of Labor, Polygyny, And Personality Across Societies
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RECORDED ON SEPTEMBER 3RD, 2019.
Dr. Michael Gurven is a Professor at the Department of Anthropology at the University of California, Santa Barbara, chair of the Integrative Anthropological Sciences Unit, and also head of the Evolutionary Anthropology and Biodemography Research Group. He is an evolutionary anthropologist aiming to explain behavior and physiological systems as adaptive solutions to competing demands of limited resource allocation. He employs ethnographic field settings as laboratories for testing hypotheses about human variation in behavior, psychology and physiology. Currently his research focuses on two broad, inter-related areas: biodemography of human health, lifespan and aging; and transitions in social and economic behavior.
In this episode, we first talk about limited resource allocation, and how people have to make trade-offs when investing their material and time resources. Then we discuss how we can use economic games to study human behavior. We talk about marriage and the sexual division of labor, and also mate preferences. We also cover a recent study about the relationship between wealth inequality and polygyny. Finally, we discuss human personality, the problems with the apparent lack of universality of the Big Five, and the niche diversity hypothesis of personality.
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Follow Dr. Gurven’s work:
Faculty page: http://bit.ly/2ML5OON
Evolutionary Anthropology and Biodemography Research Group: http://bit.ly/2ksaZXb
ResearchGate profile: http://bit.ly/2lWH8GW
A bargaining approach to marriage and the sexual division of labor: http://bit.ly/2lxz4ft
Greater wealth inequality, less polygyny: rethinking the polygyny threshold model: http://bit.ly/2lAcOBy
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A HUGE THANK YOU TO MY PATRONS: KARIN LIETZCKE, ANN BLANCHETTE, SCIMED, PER HELGE HAAKSTD LARSEN, LAU GUERREIRO, RUI BELEZA, ANTÓNIO CUNHA, CHANTEL GELINAS, JERRY MULLER, FRANCIS FORDE, HANS FREDRIK SUNDE, BRIAN RIVERA, ADRIANO ANDRADE, YEVHEN BODRENKO, SERGIU CODREANU, ADAM BJERRE, ŁUKASZ STAFINIAK, AIRES ALMEIDA, BERNARDO SEIXAS, HERBERT GINTIS, RUTGER VOS, RICARDO VLADIMIRO, BO WINEGARD, JOHN CONNORS, ADAM KESSEL, VEGA GIDEY, CRAIG HEALY, OLAF ALEX, AND PHILIP KURIAN!
A SPECIAL THANKS TO MY PRODUCERS, YZAR WEHBE, ROSEY, AND JIM FRANK!

Nov 8, 2019 • 1h 40min
#253 Douglas Fry: Is War Part Of Human Nature?
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RECORDED ON SEPTEMBER 4th, 2019.
Dr. Douglas P. Fry is Professor and Chair in the Department of Peace and Conflict Studies at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. He has written extensively on aggression, conflict, and conflict resolution in his own books and in journals such as Science and American Anthropologist. His work frequently engages the debate surrounding the origins of war, arguing against claims that war or lethal aggression is rooted in human evolution. He’s the author or editor of books like The Human Potential for Peace; Beyond War; War, Peace, and Human Nature; and Nurturing Our Humanity.
In this episode, we focus on the anthropology of war. Dr. Fry critiques the evolutionary psychology approach to war. We go through some of the flaws with the archaeological evidence presented by Steven Pinker in The Batter Angels of Our Nature. We then get into the ecological and social conditions that favor war, and critiques about the data Napoleon Chagnon collected on the Yanomamö. We also talk about violence-defusing mechanisms in mammals. We end the interview talking about ways of preventing war in modern societies.
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Follow Dr. Fry’s work:
(Upcoming faculty page from the University of North Carolina at Greensboro)
ResearchGate profile: http://bit.ly/2kjdlYD
Amazon page: https://amzn.to/2krFU5W
Relevant papers/books:
The Human Potential for Peace: https://amzn.to/2lClh7g
War, Peace, and Human Nature: https://amzn.to/2jZdXCl
Nurturing Our Humanity: https://amzn.to/2lClyHk
The Evolutionary Logic of Human Peaceful Behavior: http://bit.ly/2kjeC1R
The Original Partnership Societies: http://bit.ly/2lxuXjy
Complete list of references: https://drive.google.com/open?id=1jvVX8mL8sqWjhOe7_TtDgGQtCkLSthrg
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A HUGE THANK YOU TO MY PATRONS/SUPPORTERS: KARIN LIETZCKE, ANN BLANCHETTE, SCIMED, PER HELGE HAAKSTD LARSEN, LAU GUERREIRO, RUI BELEZA, ANTÓNIO CUNHA, CHANTEL GELINAS, JERRY MULLER, FRANCIS FORDE, HANS FREDRIK SUNDE, BRIAN RIVERA, ADRIANO ANDRADE, YEVHEN BODRENKO, SERGIU CODREANU, ADAM BJERRE, ŁUKASZ STAFINIAK, AIRES ALMEIDA, BERNARDO SEIXAS, HERBERT GINTIS, RUTGER VOS, RICARDO VLADIMIRO, BO WINEGARD, JOHN CONNORS, ADAM KESSEL, VEGA GIDEY, CRAIG HEALY, OLAF ALEX, PHILIP KURIAN, AND JONATHAN VISSER!
A SPECIAL THANKS TO MY PRODUCERS, YZAR WEHBE, ROSEY, AND JIM FRANK!

Nov 7, 2019 • 1h 13min
#252 Patricia Churchland: Conscience, Morality, and Moral Philosophy
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Dr. Patricia Churchland is a Canadian-American Philosopher noted for her contributions to neurophilosophy and the philosophy of mind. She is UC President's Professor of Philosophy Emerita at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD). She has also held an adjunct professorship at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies since 1989. She is a member of the Board of Trustees Moscow Center for Consciousness Studies of Philosophy Department, at Moscow State University. In 2015, she was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. She’s also the author of a number of books, including Neurophilosophy: Toward a Unified Science of the Mind-Brain, Braintrust: What Neuroscience Tells Us about Morality, and Conscience: The Origins of Moral Intuition.
In this episode, we talk about Dr. Churchland’s most recent book, Conscience. We go through what conscience is; the evolution of morality; and some of the neuroscience of morality. We also discuss how we go from our evolved morality to moral intuitions, and how we acquire social norms, and how they change. We talk briefly about the case of psychopaths, free will, and the legal system. Finally, we address how philosophy is limited in dealing with ethics and morality, Jonathan Haidt’s moral foundations theory, and the case of disgust sensitivity.
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Follow Dr. Churchland’s work:
Faculty page: http://bit.ly/2L1iP3o
Personal website: http://bit.ly/2MKJAeA
ResearchGate profile: http://bit.ly/2Jn35Ia
Amazon page: https://amzn.to/2p4jxGk
Conscience: The Origins of Moral Intuition: https://amzn.to/2Pbqa5Q
Twitter handle: @patchurchland
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A HUGE THANK YOU TO MY PATRONS/SUPPORTERS: KARIN LIETZCKE, ANN BLANCHETTE, SCIMED, PER HELGE HAAKSTD LARSEN, LAU GUERREIRO, RUI BELEZA, ANTÓNIO CUNHA, CHANTEL GELINAS, JERRY MULLER, FRANCIS FORDE, HANS FREDRIK SUNDE, BRIAN RIVERA, ADRIANO ANDRADE, YEVHEN BODRENKO, SERGIU CODREANU, ADAM BJERRE, ŁUKASZ STAFINIAK, AIRES ALMEIDA, BERNARDO SEIXAS, HERBERT GINTIS, RUTGER VOS, RICARDO VLADIMIRO, BO WINEGARD, JOHN CONNORS, VEGA GIDEY, CRAIG HEALY, OLAF ALEX, PHILIP KURIAN, JONATHAN VISSER, DAVID DIAS, ANJAN KATTA, JAKOB KLINKBY, AND ADAM KESSEL!
A SPECIAL THANKS TO MY PRODUCERS, YZAR WEHBE, ROSEY, AND JIM FRANK!

Nov 4, 2019 • 1h 8min
#251 Diana Fleischman: Sex Robots, Technology, And The Future Of Human Relationships
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RECORDED ON AUGUST 29TH, 2019.
Dr. Diana Fleischman completed a PhD in Evolutionary Psychology at the University of Texas, Austin, US, under the supervision of David Buss. She is currently a senior lecturer of Psychology at the University of Portsmouth, as well as a member of the Comparative and Evolutionary Psychology group there. Her research interests are hormonal influences on behavior, human sexuality, disgust and, recently, the interface of evolutionary psychology and behaviorism.
In this episode, we talk about the evolutionary psychology of sex robots, and how they might impact men and human society. We talk about why men will be the primary marketing targets, and the several different ways sex robots might have a positive impact in their lives. During the discussion, we also tackle arguments against sex robots, or arguments that suggest their impact might be net negative.
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Follow Dr. Fleischman’s work:
Faculty page: http://bit.ly/2LhbPzC
ResearchGate profile: http://bit.ly/2KDv8DS
Website: http://bit.ly/2Z4h2jb
Twitter handle: @sentientist
Relevant articles:
Uncanny Vulvas: http://bit.ly/2TuikCX
Will Sex Robots Bring About the End of Civilization? (Glenn Geher): http://bit.ly/2OTVBRO
--
A HUGE THANK YOU TO MY PATRONS: KARIN LIETZCKE, ANN BLANCHETTE, SCIMED, PER HELGE HAAKSTD LARSEN, LAU GUERREIRO, RUI BELEZA, ANTÓNIO CUNHA, CHANTEL GELINAS, JERRY MULLER, FRANCIS FORDE, HANS FREDRIK SUNDE, BRIAN RIVERA, ADRIANO ANDRADE, YEVHEN BODRENKO, SERGIU CODREANU, ADAM BJERRE, ŁUKASZ STAFINIAK, AIRES ALMEIDA, BERNARDO SEIXAS, HERBERT GINTIS, RUTGER VOS, RICARDO VLADIMIRO, BO WINEGARD, JOHN CONNORS, ADAM KESSEL, VEGA GIDEY, AND CRAIG HEALY!
A SPECIAL THANKS TO MY PRODUCERS, YZAR WEHBE, ROSEY, AND JIM FRANK!

Nov 1, 2019 • 1h
#250 Rachel Kleinfeld: A Savage Order; Decivilization, Dirty Deals, And Recivilization
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Dr. Rachel Kleinfeld is a senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. She’s a leading expert on how democracies – including the United States – can improve, with a particular focus on countries facing poor leadership, polarized populations, violence, and corruption. She advises governments, philanthropists, and activists on how democracies make major social change. In 2010, Time magazine named Dr. Kleinfeld one of the top 40 political leaders under 40 in America. She serves on the boards of various for-profit companies and social sector organizations that align with her passion for issues on the intersections of security, human dignity, and empowerment. From 2011–2014 she served on the State Department’s Foreign Affairs Policy Board, which advised the Secretary of State quarterly. She’s the author of three books, the most recent one being A Savage Order: How the World's Deadliest Countries Can Forge a Path to Security.
In this episode, we focus on Dr. Kleinfeld’s book, A Savage Order. We talk about different types of political violence, and how they interrelate, including what Dr. Kleinfeld calls “privilege violence”, and we refer to how violence against blacks was legitimized in the US after the civil war. We also discuss the decivilizing process, dirty deals, and the recivilizing process and why the middle class is so important in the latter. Toward the end, we also talk about the policies adopted in Georgia to systemically fighting against corruption, and also why we have to go beyond culture to understand violence, and also to deal with current political issues like mass migration, multiculturalism, and Islam.
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Follow Dr. Kleinfeld’s work:
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace page: http://bit.ly/2Ue3DUP
Personal website: http://bit.ly/2L0ui4h
Books: http://bit.ly/2L0ujoR
A Savage Order: https://amzn.to/2PjcZQn
Twitter handle: @RachelKleinfeld
--
A HUGE THANK YOU TO MY PATRONS: KARIN LIETZCKE, ANN BLANCHETTE, SCIMED, PER HELGE HAAKSTD LARSEN, LAU GUERREIRO, RUI BELEZA, ANTÓNIO CUNHA, CHANTEL GELINAS, JERRY MULLER, FRANCIS FORDE, HANS FREDRIK SUNDE, BRIAN RIVERA, ADRIANO ANDRADE, YEVHEN BODRENKO, SERGIU CODREANU, ADAM BJERRE, ŁUKASZ STAFINIAK, AIRES ALMEIDA, BERNARDO SEIXAS, HERBERT GINTIS, RUTGER VOS, RICARDO VLADIMIRO, BO WINEGARD, JOHN CONNORS, ADAM KESSEL, VEGA GIDEY, AND CRAIG HEALY!
A SPECIAL THANKS TO MY PRODUCERS, YZAR WEHBE, ROSEY, AND JIM FRANK!

Oct 31, 2019 • 1h 21min
#249 Moshe Hoffman: Problems With Theories In Psychology
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Dr. Moshe Hoffman is a Research Scientist at MIT Media Lab & Lecturer at Harvard's Department of Economics. He applies game theory, models of learning and evolution, and experimental methods, to try to decipher the (often subconscious and subtle) incentives that shape our social behavior, preferences, and ideologies. Dr. Hoffman obtained his Ph.D. in Economics from the University of Chicago, Booth School of Business and his B.S. in Economics from the University of Chicago. He also co-designed and teaches "Game Theory and Social Behavior" which lays out a lot of the evidence and models behind this approach.
In this episode, we talk about problems in how people come up with explanations to social phenomena in the social sciences, and more specifically, in social psychology. We discuss the levels of analysis through which we can study social phenomena, and why intuitive explanations don’t work. We also refer to perverse incentives in the social sciences. Dr. Hoffman then talks about the example of cognitive dissonance, and the correct interpretation of the phenomenon. In the latter part of the interview, we discuss the aspects of (social) behavior that evolutionary psychology explains well, and where it fails or is not enough.
The Twitter threads:
“The problems w/ “theories” in psychology.”: http://bit.ly/30hRgt6
“Best criticism of social-psychology I have seen”: http://bit.ly/30jBY6W
“Some thoughts on how to spot bull-shit in science/academia”: http://bit.ly/2KNRdys
“A good theory should”: http://bit.ly/2NiMMyA
“Why do I think our preferences and ideologies respond to incentives?”: http://bit.ly/31O3h9R
“A thread clarifying my criticism of Evolutionary Psychology”: http://bit.ly/31H8xfA
“Why do people have ridiculous beliefs?”: http://bit.ly/30mhb2M
--
A HUGE THANK YOU TO MY PATRONS: KARIN LIETZCKE, ANN BLANCHETTE, SCIMED, PER HELGE HAAKSTD LARSEN, LAU GUERREIRO, RUI BELEZA, ANTÓNIO CUNHA, CHANTEL GELINAS, JERRY MULLER, FRANCIS FORDE, HANS FREDRIK SUNDE, BRIAN RIVERA, ADRIANO ANDRADE, YEVHEN BODRENKO, SERGIU CODREANU, ADAM BJERRE, ŁUKASZ STAFINIAK, AIRES ALMEIDA, BERNARDO SEIXAS, HERBERT GINTIS, RUTGER VOS, RICARDO VLADIMIRO, BO WINEGARD, JOHN CONNORS, ADAM KESSEL, AND VEGA GIDEY!
A SPECIAL THANKS TO MY PRODUCERS, YZAR WEHBE, ROSEY, AND JIM FRANK!

Oct 28, 2019 • 1h 17min
#248 Todd Shackelford & Viviana Weekes-Shackelford: Mating After Children
Dr. Todd Shackelford, a distinguished psychology professor, and Dr. Viviana Weekes-Shackelford, a sociology expert, dive into the fascinating interplay between parenting and relationships. They discuss how motherhood alters mating preferences, emphasizing emotional stability over physical traits. The couple also highlights the impact of parental roles on dating dynamics, the significance of support systems for single parents, and the complexities of introducing new partners into the family. Together, they explore the psychological implications for both parents and children in this evolving landscape.

Oct 25, 2019 • 2h 25min
#247 Victoria Dougherty: What People Want From Fiction, And The Art Of Worldbuilding
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Victoria Dougherty is the author of The Bone Church, Welcome to the Hotel Yalta, and Cold. She writes fiction, drama, and essays that revolve around lovers, killers, curses, and destinies. Her work has been published or profiled in the New York Times, USA Today, The International Herald Tribune, and elsewhere. Earlier in her career, while living in Prague, she co-founded Black Box Theater, translating, producing, and acting in several Czech plays. Her blog – COLD – features her short essays on faith, family, love, and writing. WordPress, the blogging platform that hosts some 70 million blogs worldwide, has singled out COLD as one of the Top 50 Recommended Blogs by writers or about writing.
In this episode, we talk about fiction, and worldbuilding. We first focus on how to create compelling characters, and we refer to the Game of Thrones series finale as a bad example of it. We also explore the psychology of failed expectations. We then get into how people want meaning from fiction, and how tragedies like war might provide that. We also discuss popular genres and why they are so successful, and how politics and morality might ruin good literature. We finish by talking about how fiction can work as a thought-experiment, and how it is not so detached from things humans develop through culture.
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Follow Victoria’s work:
Website: http://bit.ly/2HoiQ0f
COLD (blog): http://bit.ly/2ZnyeUU
YouTube channel/vlog: http://bit.ly/2HkHoYc
Books on Amazon: https://amzn.to/2PrstSz
Twitter handle: @vicdougherty
Support Victoria on Patreon! : http://bit.ly/31VXqj1
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A HUGE THANK YOU TO MY PATRONS: KARIN LIETZCKE, ANN BLANCHETTE, SCIMED, PER HELGE HAAKSTD LARSEN, LAU GUERREIRO, RUI BELEZA, ANTÓNIO CUNHA, CHANTEL GELINAS, JERRY MULLER, FRANCIS FORDE, HANS FREDRIK SUNDE, BRIAN RIVERA, ADRIANO ANDRADE, YEVHEN BODRENKO, SERGIU CODREANU, ADAM BJERRE, ŁUKASZ STAFINIAK, AIRES ALMEIDA, BERNARDO SEIXAS, HERBERT GINTIS, RUTGER VOS, RICARDO VLADIMIRO, BO WINEGARD, JOHN CONNORS, ADAM KESSEL, VEGA GIDEY, AND CRAIG HEALY!
A SPECIAL THANKS TO MY PRODUCERS, YZAR WEHBE, ROSEY, AND JIM FRANK!

Oct 24, 2019 • 57min
#246 Robert Burton: On Being Certain
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Dr. Robert A. Burton graduated from Yale University and the University of California at San Francisco medical school, where he also completed his neurology residency. At age thirty-three, he was appointed chief of the Division of Neurology at UCSF Medical Center at Mt. Zion, where he subsequently became Associate Chief of the Department of Neurosciences. His books include On Being Certain: Believing You Are Right Even When You're Not, A Skeptic's Guide to the Mind; What Neuroscience Can and Cannot Tell Us About Ourselves, and three critically acclaimed novels. He has also written essays, book reviews and op-ed pieces for the New York Times, Salon.com, Aeon, and Nautilus.
In this episode, we focus on some of the main topics of Dr. Burton’s books. We talk about the feelings of knowing, certainty, familiarity, clarity of thought, and déjà vu that we have. We also refer to phenomena like moral dumbfounding and post-hoc rationalization. We discuss the problem with our view of how reason and rationality work, and how we are mistaken about how our own thinking works. We also talk about how different people see the world in different ways, our individual differences, and how religiosity is not going away anytime soon. We refer to the placebo effect, and also to how scientists have to be careful about how their own intuitions might affect how they study the human mind. We end up by discussing a possible way to improve the way we think, through a process of cultural evolution.
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Follow Dr. Burton’s work:
Personal website: http://bit.ly/2KXY88E
Articles on Aeon: http://bit.ly/2Z8wEqD
Other articles: http://bit.ly/2L2F1tS
On Being Certain: Believing You Are Right Even When You're Not: https://amzn.to/2zguWEl
A Skeptic's Guide to the Mind: What Neuroscience Can and Cannot Tell Us About Ourselves: https://amzn.to/2L2F6ha
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A HUGE THANK YOU TO MY PATRONS: KARIN LIETZCKE, ANN BLANCHETTE, SCIMED, PER HELGE HAAKSTD LARSEN, LAU GUERREIRO, RUI BELEZA, ANTÓNIO CUNHA, CHANTEL GELINAS, JERRY MULLER, FRANCIS FORDE, HANS FREDRIK SUNDE, BRIAN RIVERA, ADRIANO ANDRADE, YEVHEN BODRENKO, SERGIU CODREANU, ADAM BJERRE, ŁUKASZ STAFINIAK, AIRES ALMEIDA, BERNARDO SEIXAS, HERBERT GINTIS, RUTGER VOS, RICARDO VLADIMIRO, BO WINEGARD, JOHN CONNORS, ADAM KESSEL, AND VEGA GIDEY!
A SPECIAL THANKS TO MY PRODUCERS, YZAR WEHBE, ROSEY, AND JIM FRANK!


