FACTS

Why did 2 Peter face more resistance than nearly any other New Testament book—and how did it ultimately secure its place in the Christian canon?In this episode, Dr. Stephen Boyce traces the long and contested journey of 2 Peter, one of the most debated epistles in early Christianity. From early doubts about authorship and style, to its uneven reception in the East and West, we examine why this letter stood on the margins for centuries while others were quickly received.We explore:Early patristic hesitation and silence surrounding 2 PeterHow figures like Origen, Eusebius, and Jerome evaluated the letterThe role of apostolic authority, theological content, and ecclesial usageWhich church councils and canonical lists ultimately included 2 Peter—and whyWhat this controversy reveals about how the canon was actually formedFar from being a simple rubber-stamp process, the inclusion of 2 Peter exposes the rigor, caution, and theological criteria employed by the early Church when discerning Scripture.This episode challenges modern assumptions about the canon and asks a deeper question:What does it really mean for a book to be “Scripture,” and who decides?A must-listen for anyone interested in biblical canon, early church history, and the complexities behind the New Testament we hold today.If you'd like to donate to our ministry or be a monthly partner that receives newsletters and one on one discussions with Dr. Stephen Boyce, here's a link: https://give.tithe.ly/?formId=6381a2ee-b82f-42a7-809e-6b733cec05a7

Why was King Henry VIII excommunicated, and was it really just about divorce? In this episode of FACTS, we examine the full historical record behind Henry VIII’s break with Rome—from his marriages and annulment request to the final papal sentence issued by Pope Paul III.This episode covers: • Henry VIII’s marriage to Catherine of Aragon and the papal dispensation • Why Pope Clement VII never granted the annulment • How royal supremacy, not marriage alone, caused the schism • Rome’s repeated warnings and delayed judgment • The bull of excommunication issued by Pope Paul III in 1538Drawing on primary sources and early modern papal records, Stephen Boyce and Pat May challenge the claim that Henry VIII was never truly excommunicated or that the English Reformation began as a theological reform. Instead, it shows how questions of authority, jurisdiction, and ecclesiology shaped the break with Rome.#HenryVIII #PopePaulIII #Excommunication #BreakWithRome #EnglishReformationIf you'd like to donate to our ministry or be a monthly partner that receives newsletters and one on one discussions with Dr. Stephen Boyce, here's a link: https://give.tithe.ly/?formId=6381a2ee-b82f-42a7-809e-6b733cec05a7

In this episode, we examine the decisive clash between Martin Luther and Pope Leo X, focusing on the documents and events that turned reform into rupture. We walk through Exsurge Domine (Arise, O Lord) and Decet Romanum Pontificem(It Becomes the Roman Pontiff), explaining what Rome actually condemned, why Luther refused to recant, and how authority, obedience, and doctrine became the central fault lines of the Reformation.The episode also explores Luther’s responses in 1520, the public burning of the papal bull, and the appeal to a future council, alongside Leo X’s broader vision for the Church, including his patronage of Renaissance art through figures like Michelangelo and Raphael. By grounding the discussion in primary sources rather than slogans, this episode asks a crucial question: who has the authority to judge doctrine when Scripture itself is disputed?This is a historical and theological deep dive into how competing claims of authority produced one of the most consequential schisms in Western Christian history.If you'd like to donate to our ministry or be a monthly partner that receives newsletters and one on one discussions with Dr. Stephen Boyce, here's a link: https://give.tithe.ly/?formId=6381a2ee-b82f-42a7-809e-6b733cec05a7Here a the link to the documents: https://www.papalencyclicals.net/leo10/l10exdom.htmhttps://www.papalencyclicals.net/leo10/l10decet.htm

In this episode, Dr. Stephen Boyce and PhD candidate, James Gilbert, examine Gavin Ortlund’s claims that infant baptism and icon veneration are later accretions rather than apostolic practices. As a Catholic and Orthodox team, we walk through Scripture, the early Church Fathers, archaeology, and conciliar history to show that these traditions are rooted deeply in the first centuries of Christianity. If you’re exploring the early Church, apostolic succession, baptismal theology, or the role of sacred images in worship, this conversation is for you.Here is the link to Gavin's Video on Infant Baptism: https://youtu.be/3WE0Ea2ke_c?si=pnQTfv524Ce7B5zVHere is his link to Icons and Nicaea II: https://youtu.be/aoU4PO5d6kQ?si=jjsfAhB36x6J4F1CHere is a link to Nicaea II Documents: https://www.papalencyclicals.net/councils/ecum07.htmIf you'd like to donate to our ministry or be a monthly partner that receives newsletters and one on one discussions with Dr. Stephen Boyce, here's a link: https://give.tithe.ly/?formId=6381a2ee-b82f-42a7-809e-6b733cec05a7

In this episode, Dr. Stephen Boyce explores the remarkable story of Napoleon Bonaparte and Pope Pius VII — from alliance to captivity, and finally to forgiveness at death. After imprisoning the pontiff and waging political war against the Papal States, Napoleon spent his final years exiled on St. Helena. Yet in one of history’s most unexpected turns, the same Pope he once humiliated would later restore Napoleon to the Catholic Church on his deathbed. We trace the breakdown of Franco-Vatican relations, the French occupation of Rome, Pius VII’s steadfast resistance, and the extraordinary act of mercy that reunited the emperor with the Church at the end of his life. A story of power, pride, exile, and grace — and why Napoleon died a reconciled Catholic.If you'd like to donate to our ministry or be a monthly partner that receives newsletters and one on one discussions with Dr. Stephen Boyce, here's a link: https://give.tithe.ly/?formId=6381a2ee-b82f-42a7-809e-6b733cec05a7

In this final episode of our series on the Seven Ecumenical Councils, Stephen Boyce and Pat May examine the Second Council of Nicaea (787) — the council that defended the veneration of icons and grounded sacred images in the Incarnation of Christ.We walk through the historical background of Byzantine iconoclasm, the political and theological tensions leading up to the council, and Nicaea II’s crucial distinction between veneration (proskynesis) and worship (latreia). The episode explains why the Church affirmed icons as a confession of the Incarnation rather than a lapse into idolatry.Along the way, we discuss early Christian Gospel manuscripts, the role of material culture in Christian worship, papal involvement at Nicaea II, and why this council remains a major dividing line between Eastern Orthodoxy, Roman Catholicism, and Protestant traditions.This episode brings the series to a close by showing how Christology, authority, Scripture, and sacred art come together in one of the most misunderstood councils in Church history.Link to the document: https://www.papalencyclicals.net/councils/ecum07.htmIf you'd like to donate to our ministry or be a monthly partner that receives newsletters and one on one discussions with Dr. Stephen Boyce, here's a link: https://give.tithe.ly/?formId=6381a2ee-b82f-42a7-809e-6b733cec05a7

What is Monothelitism, and why did the Sixth Ecumenical Council condemn it as heresy?In this episode of FACTS, Stephen Boyce examines the Third Council of Constantinople (680–681) and its decisive rejection of Monothelitism—the teaching that Jesus Christ has only one will. He will explain why the Church affirmed that Christ possesses two wills, divine and human, and why this doctrine is essential for preserving Christ’s full humanity and the reality of human obedience in salvation.What we cover: • What Monothelitism is and why it was promoted as a theological “compromise” • How the Sixth Ecumenical Council defined two wills and two operations in Christ • Why Pope Honorius I was condemned for negligence rather than dogmatic teaching • How Pope Leo II confirmed the council’s judgment from Rome • What this council reveals about conciliar authority, papal responsibility, and episcopal accountability#EcumenicalCouncils #PapalAuthority #HonoriusI#Monothelitism #FACTSPodcast Additional Links for more Information:Erick Ybarra: https://www.patreon.com/collection/1283607?utm_campaign=collectionshare_creatorMichael Lofton: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LIIW_Me9zIshttps://youtube.com/live/F5MwBdUbEYU?feature=share

Kirk Cameron’s recent comments on hell have reignited a long-standing debate within Christianity: Is hell eternal conscious torment, annihilation, or something else entirely?In this episode of FACTS, Stephen Boyce moves beyond modern soundbites and return to the early Church Fathers to examine what the earliest Christians actually taught about judgment, punishment, and the fate of the wicked. We explore how early Christian writers used biblical language such as “death,” “destruction,” “fire,” and “eternal,” and whether that language supports eternal conscious torment, annihilationism (conditional immortality), or a more complex historical picture.If you'd like to donate to our ministry or be a monthly partner that receives newsletters and one on one discussions with Dr. Stephen Boyce, here's a link: https://give.tithe.ly/?formId=6381a2ee-b82f-42a7-809e-6b733cec05a7

In this episode, Stephen Boyce and Pat May examine the Second Council of Constantinople (553), the Fifth Ecumenical Council, convened under Emperor Justinian I during the Three Chapters Controversy. We explain the condemnation of Theodore of Mopsuestia, Theodoret of Cyrrhus, and the Letter of Ibas, the reaffirmation of Chalcedonian Christology, and the council’s defense of Mary as Theotokos and her perpetual virginity. We also cover the dramatic Pope Vigilius controversy, his resistance, arrest, eventual submission, and the lasting impact of the council in both the East and West.#SecondCouncilOfConstantinople #FifthEcumenicalCouncil #ChurchHistory #EcumenicalCouncils #ConstantinopleII #ByzantineChurch #Justinian #PopeVigilius #ThreeChaptersControversy #StephenBoyce

Pope Leo XIV and Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew just took a step no one expected: reciting the Nicene Creed together without the Filioque. This moment shocked Catholics, Orthodox, and observers around the world. In this episode of FACTS with Stephen Boyce and Pat May, we break down why this gesture matters, what it signals about the future of East–West relations, and whether real reunification is finally possible after nearly 1,000 years of division.We explore the historical background, the theological implications, and the global reactions to this unprecedented moment between Rome and Constantinople. Is this a symbolic gesture—or the beginning of something much bigger?If you'd like to donate to our ministry or be a monthly partner that receives newsletters and one on one discussions with Dr. Stephen Boyce, here's a link: https://give.tithe.ly/?formId=6381a2ee-b82f-42a7-809e-6b733cec05a7 Here is a Link to the video we played: https://www.youtube.com/live/29Oa2X4VkE8?si=GorsC2k52m4_LIUb#CatholicChurch #OrthodoxChurch #ChristianUnity #PopeLeo #PatriarchBartholomew #Filioque #EcumenicalDialogue #ChurchHistory #FACTSPodcast #GreatSchism