The Bio Report

Luis Alvarez, a West Point graduate who earned a Ph.D. in bioengineering from MIT, served 20 years in the military including time as an intelligence officer in Iraq. He saw injured soldiers who doctors were able to save, only to later have their limbs amputated because of the inability for injuries to heal properly. The experience led him to develop a means of turning recombinant proteins into a form that allows them to be used as coatings that act like paint and can be applied to implants to promote growth and other benefits. We spoke to Alvarez, founder of Theradaptive, about his journey from the battlefield to the lab, how his company’s platform technology works, and the range of applications to which it may be applied.

Last month, Canadian regulators provided clearance for Appili Therapeutics to begin a phase 2 study of an approved antiviral therapy as a potential preventative treatment against COVID-19 outbreaks. The study will enroll 760 participants who are in long-term care facilities in Ontario. Though others are looking at the drug as a possible treatment for COVID-19, this is the first study to consider its potential to prevent outbreaks. We spoke to Armand Balboni, CEO of Appili, about drug, how it works, and its potential to prevent outbreaks of COVID-19 in high-risk populations.

The urgency to find treatments for the COVID-19 virus has allowed researchers to set aside institutional bureaucracy and companies to apply their technologies in new ways. One example of this is Scipher Medicine’s collaboration with Northeastern University’s Barabasi Labs, Harvard Medical School, and Network Science Institute. The company is using its artificial intelligence platform to help identify existing therapies that might be repurposed as treatments for COVID-19. We spoke to Alif Saleh, CEO of Scipher, about the collaboration, the approach Scipher is using to identify drug candidates, and how this might expand on the company’s business strategy.

As a researcher, Joe Garcia applied functional genomics to understanding genes that contribute to inflammatory disorders such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, or ARDS. As founder and CEO of the biotech company Aqualung Therapeutics, he’s working to advance therapies to hit these novel targets to treat uncheck inflammation with the company’s lead experimental therapeutic candidate targeting ARDS. We spoke to Garcia about the company’s ARDS therapy, how it works, and why it’s a timely focus given the COVID-19 pandemic.

Bacteriophages have long been used to treat infections. These naturally occurring virus are capable of killing bacteria, but each strain of phage is highly specific. Because of their unique mechanism of action, they provide a potential to address the growing threat posed by multidrug-resistant bacteria, but to treat someone, the right phage must be matched to each patient’s infection. Adaptive Phage Therapeutics believes it’s found a way to create phage therapies suited to treat patients with drug-resistant infections by building a bank of targeted and genomically-screened bacteriophage and testing individual patient’s bacterial colony against that to determine the appropriate phage to treat them. We spoke to Greg Merril, co-founder and CEO of Adaptive Phage Therapeutics, about the origins of the company, how its technology works, and the regulatory hurdles for producing customized therapies to treat individual patients.

As a medical student, David Fajgenbaum nearly died from Castleman disease, a rare autoimmune condition. He would suffer recurring bouts that carried him to the brink of death but was able to push the disease into remission by discovering a drug that could be repurposed to treat the disease. Fajgenbaum co-founded the Castleman Disease Collaborative Network and developed a unique approach to research that is now being adopted by other rare disease organizations. He tells his story in his book “Chasing My Cure.” When the COVID-19 outbreak began, Fajgenbaum recognized that the deadliest aspect of the disease—a hyperactive immune response known as a cytokine storm—shared a common link with Castleman disease. He hoped that a researcher would apply his approach to finding a potential drug to repurpose to treat the virus and soon enlisted his own team to do so. We spoke to Fajgenbaum, assistant professor at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and co-founder and executive director of the Castleman Disease Collaborative Network, about his own experience, how it led him to work on COVID-19, and his effort to help researchers and clinicians track all of the drugs being tried to treat the pandemic virus.

As some jurisdictions move to lift shelter in place orders and seek to restore economic life to normal, there’s growing concerns about the health consequences of moving too fast and the failure to make decisions without adequate testing to guide the process. Fred Brown, president and chief operating officer of the big data health consulting firm Fred Brown Management Consulting, discussed beating the COVID-19 pandemic ahead of a piece he’s writing for the fall issue of the Journal of Commercial Biotechnology. Brown offers a few scenarios but believes it will take time for life to return to what it was like. We spoke to Brown about the path to vaccines and therapies, what it will take to move beyond the pandemic, and what we’re learning from this pandemic that will help prepare us for the next one.

Targeting the epigenome—the regulators that turn on and off the activity of genes—has long been viewed as a promising way to treat cancer. But despite the promise of this approach, early efforts brought few successes in part because of the broad effects of hitting these targets. Constellation Pharmaceuticals is taking a next-generation approach to epigenetics, targeting what it calls the writer, reader, and eraser classes of epigenetic regulators to modulate gene expression in a highly selective manner. It believes its approach can be used to both induce cancer cell killing, as well as enhance anti-tumor immunity. We spoke to Jigar Raythatha, president and CEO of Constellation Pharmaceuticals, about epigenetics, the company’s approach to developing highly selective therapies that target gene regulators, and its programs in myelofibrosis and prostate cancer.

Acepodia has developed platform technology that allows it to chemically modify or conjugate living cell surfaces. The technology can be applied to any immune cell and any antibody or binding protein, without the use of genetic engineering. The company is working to apply the technology to create a family of cost-effective, off-the-shelf immunotherapies. We spoke to Sonny Hsiao, CEO of Acepodia, about the company’s platform technology, how it works, and it why it has the potential to change the cost and efficacy of immunotherapies.

One of the challenges to securing the participation of patients in clinical trials can be simple geography. Sanguine Biosciences is seeking to tear down that barrier to participation by using mobile technology to bring clinical trials to patients. The company recently partnered with Vir Biotechnology to complete a COVID-19 clinical study aimed at better understanding the biology of the disease by sending healthcare personnel to collect blood samples from patients at their homes. We spoke to Brain Neman, co-founder and CEO of Sanguine, about it use of digital health technologies, how the company works, and its recent collaboration with Vir Biotechnology for a COVID-19 study.