Science Friday

Victoria Orphan, a Caltech professor and deep-sea explorer, shares her harrowing experience in the Alvin submersible during an intense dive. She recounts the critical malfunction that cut off communication, prompting panic among her team above the surface. With moments of suspense and triumph, they navigate unexpected challenges while aiming to collect elusive tube worms. Victoria's story captures the blend of risk and curiosity inherent in deep-sea exploration, showcasing the emotional highs and lows of scientific discovery.

Biologist Shana Goffredi, a professor at Occidental College, dives into the intriguing world of deep-sea spiders adapted to thrive on methane. She reveals the discovery of a unique sea spider with unusual features, such as a giant nose and leg cannons. The podcast explores their symbiotic relationship with methane-oxidizing bacteria and the spiders' grooming habits. Goffredi emphasizes the importance of deep-sea biodiversity and highlights that much of the ocean remains unexplored, promising more surprises in these mysterious depths.

In this discussion, Samantha Montano, an associate professor at the Massachusetts Maritime Academy and author of *Disasterology*, dives into the future of FEMA amid proposals for its reduction. She explores the evolving challenges of disaster management in the U.S., highlighting staffing shortages and funding issues. The conversation also reveals how climate change is intensifying flooding and altering weather patterns, stressing the urgent need for reform in emergency response and better warning systems to address these extreme events.

Joseph Howlett, a math writer at Quanta Magazine, dives into the physics of spaghetti, revealing why it breaks into multiple pieces and the science behind perfecting cacio e pepe. Linda Lee, a physician and surgeon at Massachusetts Eye and Ear, discusses the trending mouth taping practice, exploring its purported benefits like improved sleep and breathing. She emphasizes the need for professional evaluation before jumping on wellness trends and critiques the influence of social media on health practices.

James Henriksen, an environmental microbiologist studying extremophiles, and Lisa Stein, a climate change microbiologist engineering microbes, dive into the hidden world of microorganisms in our appliances. They reveal how these resilient microbes could transform methane and CO2 into climate solutions. The conversation uncovers the significance of microbial diversity in the global carbon cycle and the innovation behind cultivating extremophiles to tackle environmental issues. Together, they showcase the potential for microbes to inspire sustainable agricultural practices.

David Kessler, former FDA commissioner and author of "Diet, Drugs and Dopamine," shares insights into GLP-1 drugs like Ozempic. He discusses their surprising mechanisms in weight loss, how they influence appetite control by interacting with the brain, and the implications of obesity and processed foods. Kessler also highlights the complexities of maintaining weight and calls for a holistic approach to health that goes beyond pharmaceuticals, addressing food labeling and societal challenges surrounding eating behaviors.

Karmella Haynes, a pioneering researcher in synthetic biology and epigenetics, shares her unique journey in engineering molecular machines to combat cancer cell growth. She discusses her creative approach to presenting research and the significant early results in enhancing tumor suppressor gene functions. Karmella, along with her colleague David Katz, addresses the interdisciplinary challenges and biases in science, particularly for women and minorities. Personal anecdotes reveal how her upbringing shaped her bold pursuit of innovation in a traditionally unwelcoming field.

Robert Ballard, a National Geographic Explorer-at-Large known for discovering the Titanic, shares captivating tales of underwater exploration. He discusses the evolution of technology in oceanography, including robotics used to uncover historic shipwrecks. Ballard emphasizes the collaborative efforts needed between scientists and engineers to explore deep seas. He also reflects on the importance of engaging youth in science and the profound thrill of discovering hidden treasures beneath the ocean's surface.

Dr. Jonathan Ungar, a dermatologist and director at Mount Sinai's Waldman Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center, joins the hosts for an enlightening discussion on sunscreen. He breaks down the differences between mineral and chemical sunscreens, revealing their effectiveness against UV rays. Listeners learn about common skin sensitivities and the importance of patch testing. Ungar also highlights the outdated U.S. sunscreen regulations and the need for scientific input to drive changes. Practical advice on sunscreen application and debunking vitamin D myths adds to the informative session.

In this discussion, paleontologist Dr. Steve Brusatte from the University of Edinburgh offers a thrilling perspective on the new film, delving into the quest for dinosaur blood as a plot element. He shares the unique challenges of blending paleontology with filmmaking, ensuring that dino depictions balance authenticity and creativity. Brusatte also highlights evolving portrayals of scientists in film and the implications of using dinosaur blood for open-source heart medicine, addressing real-world issues of accessibility. Plus, he teases exciting new dinosaur concepts for future installments!