

Thinking in English
Thomas Wilkinson
Thinking in English is a podcast for intermediate and advanced English learners who want to do more than just study grammar and vocabulary.
I believe that thinking is one of the most important steps on the road to fluency. That’s why each episode explores fascinating topics, from politics, economics, and history to philosophy, science, and culture.
Instead of simply learning English, this podcast helps you learn in English. You’ll expand your knowledge, discover new ideas, and improve your language skills, all at the same time.
Bonus episodes and ad-free episodes, exclusive for Patreon subscribers: https://www.patreon.com/collection/869866
Join our Conversation Clubs and support the podcast: https://www.patreon.com/thinkinginenglish
Visit the website: https://thinkinginenglish.blog/
Thinking in English is part of the Airwave Media podcast network. Contact advertising@airwavemedia.com to advertise on Thinking in English.
I believe that thinking is one of the most important steps on the road to fluency. That’s why each episode explores fascinating topics, from politics, economics, and history to philosophy, science, and culture.
Instead of simply learning English, this podcast helps you learn in English. You’ll expand your knowledge, discover new ideas, and improve your language skills, all at the same time.
Bonus episodes and ad-free episodes, exclusive for Patreon subscribers: https://www.patreon.com/collection/869866
Join our Conversation Clubs and support the podcast: https://www.patreon.com/thinkinginenglish
Visit the website: https://thinkinginenglish.blog/
Thinking in English is part of the Airwave Media podcast network. Contact advertising@airwavemedia.com to advertise on Thinking in English.
Episodes
Mentioned books

Jul 3, 2023 • 26min
247. What is Affirmative Action? And Why Did the Supreme Court End It? (English Vocabulary Lesson)
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Last week, the US Supreme Court decided to end affirmative action – a policy that has helped millions of people from underrepresented communities enter top universities and get better jobs. Let’s discuss what affirmative action is, why the supreme court ruled it unconstitutional, and what could happen next!
TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/07/03/247-what-is-affirmative-action-and-why-did-the-supreme-court-end-it/
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Vocabulary
Race (n) - the idea that people can be divided into different groups based on physical characteristics that they are perceived to share such as skin colour, eye shape, etc.
Diversity (n) - the fact of many different types of things or people being included in something, a range of different things or people.
Discrimination (n) - treating a person or particular group of people differently, especially in a worse way from the way in which you treat other people, because of their race, gender, sexuality, etc.
To marginalise (v) - to treat someone or something as if they are not important.
Underrepresented (adj) - If a type of person or thing is underrepresented in a group or organization, there are not enough of them in it.
Preferential (adj) - used to say that something that someone is given is better than what other people receive.
Representation (n) - the fact of including different types of people, for example in films, politics, or sport, so that all different groups are represented.
A level playing field (idiom) - a situation in which everyone has the same chance of succeeding.
Extended Vocabulary List available
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Jun 28, 2023 • 27min
246. The History of Curry: From India to Britain and the World! (English Vocabulary Lesson)
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From the UK, to Japan, to the Caribbean, to the Pacific Islands, “curry” is one of the most popular and loved dishes around the world. For many people, it is synonymous with Indian food… but did you know that in India the term curry isn’t used in the same way. Today, let’s discuss what “curry” is, how it was invented, and how it has spread around the world!
TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/06/28/246-the-history-of-curry-from-india-to-britain-and-the-world/
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Vocabulary
Spice (n) - a substance made from a plant, used to give a special flavour to food.
Aromatic (adj) - strong, pleasant smelling, usually from food or drink.
Melting pot (n) - a place where many different people and ideas exist together, often mixing and producing something new.
Culinary (adj) – connected with cooking or kitchens.
Homogeneous (adj) - consisting of parts or people that are similar to each other or are of the same type.
Adequately (adv) - in a way that is enough or satisfactory for a particular purpose.
Flavour profile (phrase) - the specific combination and characteristics of flavours present in a particular dish or food.
Subcontinent (n) - a large area of land that is part of a continent, often referring to South Asia.
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Jun 26, 2023 • 23min
245. What is Happening in Russia?: Mutiny and the Wagner Group! (English Vocabulary Lesson)
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Over the weekend, the leader of the Wagner Group of mercenaries started a mutiny in Russia. What happened? What is the Wagner Group? Who is Yevgeny Prigozhin? Why was there and conflict? And what does this mean for Vladimir Putin, the Ukraine war, and the future of the Wagner Group? Let’s discuss this all today!
TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/06/26/245-what-is-happening-in-russia-mutiny-and-the-wagner-group/
My Links
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Vocabulary
Mercenary (n) - a soldier who fights for any country or group that pays them.
Mutiny (n) - an occasion when a group of people, especially soldiers or sailors, refuses to obey orders and/or attempts to take control from people in authority.
Insurrection (n) - an organized attempt by a group of people to defeat their government and take control of their country, usually by violence.
Occupied (adj) - An occupied place is being controlled by an army or group of people that has moved into it.
To reclaim (v) - to take back something that was yours.
Plausible deniability (phrase) - the ability of someone to deny any knowledge or involvement in a particular action or event, especially in a way that seems believable or credible.
Incompetence (n) - lack of ability to do something successfully or as it should be done.
To operate (v) - to do business in or from a particular place.
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Jun 21, 2023 • 27min
244. Why is Hawaii part of the United States? (English Vocabulary Lesson)
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The United States has 50 states, and today I want to discuss why (and how) Hawaii became the most recent to join the union. An island chain in the Pacific, far from the contiguous United States, the story of how Hawaii became “American” is fascinating and controversial!
TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/06/21/244-why-is-hawaii-part-of-the-united-states/
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Vocabulary
State (n) - a part of a large country with its own government, such as in Germany, Australia, or the US.
Contiguous (adj) - next to or touching another, usually similar, thing.
Expansion (n) - the action of becoming larger or more extensive.
Acquisition (n) - something that someone buys or gets, often to add to a collection of things.
Plantation (n) - a large farm, especially in a hot part of the world, on which a particular type of crop is grown.
To annex (v) - to take possession of an area of land or a country, usually by force or without permission.
Restoration (n) - the act or process of returning something to its earlier good condition or position, or to its owner.
Territory (n) - (especially in Australia, Canada, and the United States) a large area that has some local government but fewer rights than a province or a state.
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Jun 19, 2023 • 23min
243. Animals That May (or May Not) Exist: What is a Cryptid? (English Vocabulary Lesson)
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Have we discovered every single animal on our planet? What about the legends and myths of strange creatures in locations around the world? Today I want to talk about the unusual world of “cryptids.” I’ll discuss some animals that were once considered to be myths or impossible, but were eventually proven to be real, and suggest a few animals that may exist today!
TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/06/19/243-animals-that-may-or-may-not-exist/
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Vocabulary
Creature (n) - used to refer to a life form that is unusual or imaginary.
Mythical (adj) - existing only in stories.
Outlandish (adj) - strange and unusual and difficult to accept or like.
Legend (n) - a very old story or set of stories from ancient times, or the stories, not always true, that people tell about a famous event or person.
Extinct (adj) – not now existing.
Shed light on something (idiom) - Something or someone that sheds light on a situation provides an explanation for it or information that makes it easier to understand.
Elusive (adj) - difficult to describe, find, achieve, or remember.
Conclusive (adj) - proving that something is true or ending any doubt.
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4 snips
Jun 14, 2023 • 26min
242. The History of Sushi: Japan’s Most Famous Cuisine! (English Vocabulary Lesson)
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If you think about Japanese food, probably the first dish that comes to mind is sushi. But would it surprise you to know that sushi today is vastly different from just a few hundred years ago? Today, let’s talk about how a fermented fish dish from China evolved into the national food of Japan!
TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/06/14/242-the-history-of-sushi-japans-most-famous-cuisine-english-vocabulary-lesson/
My Links
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Vocabulary
Cuisine (n) - a style of cooking
Raw (adj) - (of food) not cooked.
Refrigerate (v) - to make or keep something, especially food or drink, cold so that it stays fresh, usually in a fridge.
Preserve (v) - to treat food in a particular way so that it can be kept for a long time without going bad.
Ferment (v) - If food or drink ferments or if you ferment it, it goes through a chemical change because of the action of yeast or bacteria, which may cause it to produce bubbles or heat, or turn sugars in it into alcohol.
Predecessor (n) - something that comes before another thing in time or in a series.
Parasite (n) - an animal or plant that lives on or in another animal or plant of a different type and feeds from it.
Authentic (adj) - If something is authentic, it is real, true, or what people say it is.
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Jun 12, 2023 • 24min
241. What is Environmental Terrorism?: The Collapse of Ukraine’s Largest Dam! (English Vocabulary Lesson)
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The largest dam in Ukraine collapsed, and it is likely the disaster was due to a deliberate attack. If it was deliberate, it would one of the most severe acts of environmental terrorism in history. Let’s discuss the collapse, talk about environmental terrorism, and discuss the risks and history of destroying the environment in war and conflicts!
TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/06/12/241-what-is-environmental-terrorism/
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Vocabulary
Dam (n) - a wall built across a river that stops the river's flow and collects the water, especially to make a reservoir (= an artificial lake) that provides water for an area.
Collapse (v) - to fall down suddenly because of pressure or having no strength or support.
Counter-offensive (n) - a set of attacks that defend against enemy attacks.
Blow (something) up (phrasal v) - to destroy something or kill someone with a bomb, or to be destroyed or killed by a bomb.
Contaminate (v) - to make something less pure or make it poisonous.
Ecological (adj) - relating to ecology (= the relationship between living things and their environment) or the environment.
Destructive (adj) - causing great and irreparable damage.
Flooding (n) - the condition of becoming filled or covered with a large amount of water.
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Jun 7, 2023 • 26min
240. Who Discovered the Americas? (English Vocabulary Lesson)
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Who discovered the Americas? Let’s discuss the history of exploration and migration in the Americas, from the arrival of the first settlers, to the voyages of the Vikings and Polynesians, to the landing of the Europeans!
TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/06/07/240-who-discovered-the-americas/
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Vocabulary
Continent (n) - one of the seven large land masses on the earth's surface, surrounded, or mainly surrounded, by sea and usually consisting of various countries.
Voyage (n) - a long journey, especially by ship.
To explore (also exploration/explorer) (v) - to search a place and discover things about it.
To navigate (navigation/navigator) (v) - to direct the way that a ship, aircraft, etc. will travel, or to find a direction across, along, or over an area of water or land.
Subsequent (adj) - happening after something else.
Seafaring (adj) - connected with travelling by sea.
Norse (adj) - belonging or relating to the people who lived in Scandinavia in the past, especially the Vikings.
To settle (settlement/settler) (v) - to arrive, especially from another country, in a new place and start to live there and use the land.
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Jun 5, 2023 • 25min
239. France Bans Short-Haul Flights: How Bad is Flying for the Environment? (English Vocabulary Lesson)
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France has recently banned some short-haul flights in order to reduce the country’s carbon emissions. How bad is flying for the environment? Is France’s ban effective? And should we go further in order to protect the planet?
TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/06/05/239-france-bans-short-haul-flights-how-bad-is-flying-for-the-environment/
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Vocabulary
To ban (v) - to forbid (= refuse to allow) something, especially officially
Sustainable (adj) - causing, or made in a way that causes, little or no damage to the environment and therefore able to continue for a long time.
Aviation (n) - the activity of flying aircraft, or of designing, producing, and keeping them in good condition.
Contrail (n) - a white line left in the sky by an aircraft that consists of water vapour (= gas) that has condensed (= turned back into very small drops of water).
Domestic (adj) - relating to a person's own country.
Objection (n) - the act of expressing or feeling opposition to or dislike of something or someone.
Viable (adj) - able to work as intended or able to succeed.
To offset (v) - to pay for things that will reduce carbon dioxide in order to reduce the damage caused by carbon dioxide that you produce.
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May 31, 2023 • 25min
238. How to Learn from Failure and Mistakes? (English Vocabulary Lesson)
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Failure and mistakes are natural parts of language learning, but the majority of people are terrible at learning from these failures. Today, I’m going to explain why we are bad a learning from past mistakes and give you a few strategies that might help you improve!
TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/05/31/238-how-to-learn-from-failure-and-mistakes/
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Vocabulary
Proficiency (n) - a high level of skill or expertise in a particular subject or activity.
To devalue (v) - to diminish or reduce the importance, worth, or quality of something.
Constructively (adv) - describes doing something in a positive, helpful, or productive manner.
Motivation (n) - the inner drive or desire to achieve or accomplish something.
To procrastinate (v) - To delay or postpone doing something, often out of intentional avoidance.
To reflect (v) - To think deeply or carefully about something, often in order to gain insight or learn from past experiences.
Determined (adj) - Having a strong resolve or firmness of purpose; being committed and persistent.
Embarrassment (n) - a feeling of self-consciousness, shame, or awkwardness.
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