Conflicted: A History Podcast

In this special featured episode of History Daily, host Lindsay Graham gives an atmospheric retelling of the events of December 2nd, 1956. On that day, the communist revolutionary Fidel Castro launched the Cuban Revolution.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

As economic disaster looms in the Fall of ‘29, the American public is blissfully unaware, entranced by stratospheric share prices and the sunny proclamations of Wall Street cheerleaders. Jesse Livermore, the infamous “Boy Trader”, follows his hunches and prepares for the coming catastrophe. The Federal Reserve, rudderless and impotent after the untimely death of its leader Ben Strong, sits on its hands. “Sunshine” Charlie Mitchell, chief executive of the country’s largest bank, injects fresh life into the boom as the stock market bubble inflates to dangerous heights of make-believe. SOURCES:Ahamed, Liaquat. Lords of Finance: The Bankers Who Broke the World. 2009.Allen, Frederick Lewis. Only Yesterday: An Informal History of the 1920s. 1931Blumenthal, Karen. Six Days in October. 2002. Charles Rivers Editors. Jesse Livermore. 2021.Charles Rivers Editors. Wall Street. 2020.Galbraith, John Kenneth. The Great Crash 1929. 1955.Galbraith, John Kenneth. A Short History of Financial Euphoria. 1990.Geisst, Charles R. Wall Street: A History. 1997.Klein, Maury. Rainbow’s End. 2001. Morris, Charles R. A Rabble of Dead Money. 2017.Nations, Scott. A History of the United States in Five Crashes. 2017.Parker, Selwyn. The Great Crash. 2008.Perino, Michael. The Hellhound of Wall Street. 2010.Rubython, Tom. Jesse Livermore: Boy Plunger. 2016.Thomas, Gordon. Morgan-Witts, Max. The Day the Bubble Burst. 1979. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Discover the fatal infatuation of the American public with the stock market in the 'Roaring 20s'. Learn about one debauched day trader, Jesse Livermore, who foresaw the Wall Street Crash of 1929. Explore the economic consequences of World War One on Germany and America. Delve into the thriving era of the 1920s, Henry Ford's impact, and the allure of stock market investments. Unveil the rise of stock market optimism, fueled by iconic financiers and fortune tellers, leading to the historic crash.

Some revere it as an art form, others revile it as a blood sport, but no matter where you stand, few traditions stir up strong emotions quite like the centuries-old ritual of bullfighting. Born in the villages of rural Spain, refined in the crowded arenas of Seville, and fetishized by wandering aficionados like Ernest Hemingway, the “corrida de toros” holds a special place not only in Spanish cultural life but in human history. Beneath the pomp and pageantry, will we find senseless animal cruelty? Or a transcendent reflection on the human condition? SOURCES:Bailey, C. (2007). “Africa Begins at the Pyrenees”: Moral Outrage, Hypocrisy, and the Spanish Bullfight. Ethics and the Environment.Bentley, Logan. (1962). “What The Horns Couldn’t Do”. Sports Illustrated.Colenutt, Mark. Spanish Bull: A Provocative Guide to Bullfighting. 2014.Conrad, Barnaby. The Death of Manolete. 1958.Dozier, Thomas. (1955) “The One Who Lived”. Sports Illustrated.Gamado, Ignacio. Discovering the World of Bullfighting. 2021.Hardouin-Fugier, Elisabeth. Bullfighting: A Troubled History. 2010.Hemingway, Ernest. Death in the Afternoon. 1932Kennedy, A.L.: On Bullfighting. 1999.McCormick, John. Bullfighting: Art, Technique & Spanish Society. 1998Mitchell, Timothy. Blood Sport: A Social History of Spanish Bullfighting. 1991.Ribezzo, Viviana. Adresi, Marta. The Corrida: The History of Bullfighting from its Origins to Present Day. 2018.Tauromaquia. Jaime Alekos. 2017.Tynan, Kenneth. (1955) “The Death of Manolete”. The Paris Review  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

It’s 1992. The 40th Army is long gone and the Soviet Union has collapsed, but war still rages across Afghanistan. As the Afghan communist regime crumbles, Ahmed Shah Massoud and Gulbuddin Hekmatyar’s forces clash in Kabul. While America turns its back and the Mujahideen turn on each other, new threats arise and threaten to sweep the old generation of freedom fighters away – The Taliban and Osama bin Laden. (Part 4 of Ghosts in the Mountains)SOURCES:Ahmadi-Miller, Enjeela. The Broken Circle: A Memoir of Escaping Afghanistan. 2019.Alexievich, Svetlana. Zinky Boys. 1989.Ansari, Mir Tamim. Games Without Rules: The Often-Interrupted History of Afghanistan. 2012.Barfield, Thomas. Afghanistan: A Cultural and Political History. 2010.Borovik, Artyom. The Hidden War. 1990.Braithewaite, Rodric. Afgantsy: The Russians in Afghanistan, 1979-1989. 2011.Coll, Steve. Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan and Bin Laden from the Soviet Invasion to 2001. 2004. Dobbs, Michael. Down with Big Brother: The Fall of the Soviet Empire. 1997.Feifer, Gregory. The Great Gamble: The Soviet War in Afghanistan. 2009. Fremont-Barnes, Gregory. The Soviet-Afghan War, 1979-89. 2012.Galeotti, Mark. Storm-333: KGB and Spetsnaz Seize Kabul. 2021.Gall, Sandy. Afghan Napoleon: The Life of Ahmed Shah Massoud. 2021.Grad, Marcela. Massoud: An Intimate Portrait of the Legendary Afghan Leader. 2009.Goodwin, Jan. Caught in the Crossfire. 1987. Grau, Lester W. The Bear Went Over the Mountain: Soviet Combat Tactics In Afghanistan. 1996.Hosdon, Peregrine. Under a Sickle Moon: A Journey Through Afghanistan. 1986.Kalinovsky, Artemy. A Long Goodbye: The Soviet Withdrawal from Afghanistan. 2011.Kaplan, Robert D. Soldiers of God: With Islamic Warriors in Afghanistan and Pakistan. 2001.Rosen, Ethan. The Bear, The Dragon, & the AK-47. 2017.Sands, Chris. Qazizai, Fazelminallah. Night Letters: Gulbuddin Hekmatyar and the Afghan Islamists Who Changed the World. 2019. Tanner, Stephen. Afghanistan: A Military History of Afghanistan from Alexander the Great to the War Against the Taliban. 2009.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

As the CIA wages a covert proxy war against the Soviet 40th Army, the Mujahideen are showered with billions of dollars and cutting-edge weaponry. An old animosity between two prominent Mujahideen commanders – Ahmed Shah Massoud and Gulbuddin Hekmatyar - turns into a bitter, deadly rivalry. Meanwhile, Soviet reformers led by Mikhail Gorbachev attempt to extricate the USSR from Afghanistan with a shred of dignity intact. After the Soviet withdrawal, the world turns it back on Afghanistan as a civil war rages between the Mujahideen factions – and the Taliban emerges. SOURCES:Ahmadi-Miller, Enjeela. The Broken Circle: A Memoir of Escaping Afghanistan. 2019.Alexievich, Svetlana. Zinky Boys. 1989.Ansari, Mir Tamim. Games Without Rules: The Often-Interrupted History of Afghanistan. 2012.Barfield, Thomas. Afghanistan: A Cultural and Political History. 2010.Borovik, Artyom. The Hidden War. 1990.Braithewaite, Rodric. Afgantsy: The Russians in Afghanistan, 1979-1989. 2011.Coll, Steve. Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan and Bin Laden from the Soviet Invasion to 2001. 2004. Dobbs, Michael. Down with Big Brother: The Fall of the Soviet Empire. 1997.Feifer, Gregory. The Great Gamble: The Soviet War in Afghanistan. 2009. Fremont-Barnes, Gregory. The Soviet-Afghan War, 1979-89. 2012.Galeotti, Mark. Storm-333: KGB and Spetsnaz Seize Kabul. 2021.Gall, Sandy. Afghan Napoleon: The Life of Ahmed Shah Massoud. 2021.Grad, Marcela. Massoud: An Intimate Portrait of the Legendary Afghan Leader. 2009.Goodwin, Jan. Caught in the Crossfire. 1987. Grau, Lester W. The Bear Went Over the Mountain: Soviet Combat Tactics In Afghanistan. 1996.Hosdon, Peregrine. Under a Sickle Moon: A Journey Through Afghanistan. 1986.Kalinovsky, Artemy. A Long Goodbye: The Soviet Withdrawal from Afghanistan. 2011.Kaplan, Robert D. Soldiers of God: With Islamic Warriors in Afghanistan and Pakistan. 2001.Rosen, Ethan. The Bear, The Dragon, & the AK-47. 2017.Sands, Chris. Qazizai, Fazelminallah. Night Letters: Gulbuddin Hekmatyar and the Afghan Islamists Who Changed the World. 2019. Tanner, Stephen. Afghanistan: A Military History of Afghanistan from Alexander the Great to the War Against the Taliban. 2009.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Soviet 40th Army invaded Afghanistan in the closing days of 1979. They would not leave for another nine years. Exhausted and frustrated by their inability to decisively crush the elusive freedom fighters in the mountains – the Mujahideen – the Soviets turn to atrocity and criminal violence to achieve their objectives. Meanwhile, adrenaline-seeking journalists and idealistic Western reporters illegally sneak into the war zone to uncover the truth behind the war. SOURCES:Ahmadi-Miller, Enjeela. The Broken Circle: A Memoir of Escaping Afghanistan. 2019.Ansari, Mir Tamim. Games Without Rules: The Often-Interrupted History of Afghanistan. 2012.Barfield, Thomas. Afghanistan: A Cultural and Political History. 2010.Borovik, Artyom. The Hidden War. 1990.Braithewaite, Rodric. Afgantsy: The Russians in Afghanistan, 1979-1989. 2011.Coll, Steve. Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan and Bin Laden from the Soviet Invasion to 2001. 2004. Dobbs, Michael. Down with Big Brother: The Fall of the Soviet Empire. 1997.Feifer, Gregory. The Great Gamble: The Soviet War in Afghanistan. 2009. Fremont-Barnes, Gregory. The Soviet-Afghan War, 1979-89. 2012.Galeotti, Mark. Storm-333: KGB and Spetsnaz Seize Kabul. 2021.Goodwin, Jan. Caught in the Crossfire. 1987. Grau, Lester W. The Bear Went Over the Mountain: Soviet Combat Tactics In Afghanistan. 1996.Hosdon, Peregrine. Under a Sickle Moon: A Journey Through Afghanistan. 1986.Kalinovsky, Artemy. A Long Goodbye: The Soviet Withdrawal from Afghanistan. 2011.Kaplan, Robert D. Soldiers of God: With Islamic Warriors in Afghanistan and Pakistan. 2001.Rosen, Ethan. The Bear, The Dragon, & the AK-47. 2017.Tanner, Stephen. Afghanistan: A Military History of Afghanistan from Alexander the Great to the War Against the Taliban. 2009.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

When Soviet Russia invaded Afghanistan in December of 1979, few could have imagined what a seismic impact it would have on the modern world. In an attempt to prop up a wobbly client regime, the Soviets sparked a transnational jihad, inflamed Cold War tensions, and hastened the downfall of their own empire. Often referred to as “Russia’s Vietnam”, the Soviet-Afghan War is an overlooked, deeply misunderstood, and immensely important conflict. In this first installment of a multi-part series, we will explore how the Soviets found themselves ensnared in the “graveyard of empires”, through the eyes of the everyday people who experienced it firsthand. SOURCES:Ahmadi-Miller, Enjeela. The Broken Circle: A Memoir of Escaping Afghanistan. 2019.Ansari, Mir Tamim. Games Without Rules: The Often-Interrupted History of Afghanistan. 2012.Barfield, Thomas. Afghanistan: A Cultural and Political History. 2010.Borovik, Artyom. The Hidden War. 1990.Braithewaite, Rodric. Afgantsy: The Russians in Afghanistan, 1979-1989. 2011.Coll, Steve. Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan and Bin Laden from the Soviet Invasion to 2001. 2004. Dobbs, Michael. Down with Big Brother: The Fall of the Soviet Empire. 1997.Feifer, Gregory. The Great Gamble: The Soviet War in Afghanistan. 2009. Fremont-Barnes, Gregory. The Soviet-Afghan War, 1979-89. 2012.Galeotti, Mark. Storm-333: KGB and Spetsnaz Seize Kabul. 2021.Grau, Lester W. The Bear Went Over the Mountain: Soviet Combat Tactics In Afghanistan. 1996.Hosdon, Peregrine. Under a Sickle Moon: A Journey Through Afghanistan. 1986.Kalinovsky, Artemy. A Long Goodbye: The Soviet Withdrawal from Afghanistan. 2011.Kaplan, Robert D. Soldiers of God: With Islamic Warriors in Afghanistan and Pakistan. 2001.Rosen, Ethan. The Bear, The Dragon, & the AK-47. 2017.Tanner, Stephen. Afghanistan: A Military History of Afghanistan from Alexander the Great to the War Against the Taliban. 2009.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The infamous Koh-I-Noor diamond currently sits in the Tower of London among the crown jewels of the British monarchy, but its bloody, eon-spanning journey began in the riverbeds of ancient India. Cut, coveted, and stolen multiple times over, this is the story of the world’s most controversial gem. Told through a series of five chapters, we will look at some of the diamond’s most consequential owners, and how it shaped (or destroyed) their lives. SOURCES:Dalrymple, William; Anand, Anita. Kohinoor: The Story of the World’s Most Infamous Diamond. 2016. Tharoor, Shashi. Inglorious Empire: What the British Did to India. 2017. Axworthy, Michael. Sword of Persia: Nader Shah. 2006. Singh, Patwand; M. Rai, Jyoti. Empire of the Sikhs: The Life and Times of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. 2008. Atwal, Priya. Royals and Rebels: The Rise & Fall of the Sikh Empire. 2020.Eraly, Abraham. The Mughal Throne: The Saga of India’s Great Emperors. 2004. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

After the Battle of Midway, the Japanese Navy is in tatters and Yamamoto’s hopes of a quick victory against the United States have evaporated. He has no choice but to fight a war he knows Japan will lose. Tom Lanphier, Rex Barber, and the pilots of the 70th earn their stripes at Guadalcanal. The U.S. codebreakers at Hypo Station uncover the secret to intercepting the hated Yamamoto. John “Mitch” Mitchell plans and executes a borderline miraculous operation. Tom and Rex learn that victory builds careers, but destroys friendships. (Part 2 of 2)SOURCES:Davis, Donald A. Lighting Strike: The Secret Mission to Kill Admiral Yamamoto and Avenge Pearl Harbor. 2005. Lehr, Dick. Dead Reckoning: The Story of How Johnny Mitchell and His Fighter Pilots Took On Admiral Yamamoto and Avenged Pearl Harbor. 2020. Hampton, Dan. Operation Vengeance: The Astonishing Aerial Ambush That Changed World War 2. 2020. Paine, S.C.M. The Japanese Empire: Grand Strategy from the Meiji Restoration to the Pacific War. 2017.Harmsen, Peter: Storm Clouds Over The Pacific, 1931-1941. 2018.Davis, Burke. Get Yamamoto. 1969.Hoyt, Edwin P. Yamamoto: The Man Who Planned Pearl Harbor. 1990. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices