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Alpha Exchange

Latest episodes

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Jul 26, 2021 • 54min

Rick Bookstaber, Founder, Fabric RQ

Few professionals have the depth of perspective on the many market risk events that were missed by the models as Rick Bookstaber. Trained at MIT where he received a PhD in economics, Rick would become Morgan Stanley’s first risk manager in 1984.  There, and also at Salomon brothers, Rick was among the quants on Wall Street that developed early pricing models for interest rate derivatives. In this capacity, he had intimate knowledge of the challenges that complex products created for dealers looking to hedge them.  And related to this, he also had a front row seat to the early debacles of modern markets including the crash in 1987 and the LTCM unwind in 1998.  Across two excellent books, Demon of Our Own Design and End of Theory, Rick explores the characteristics of markets that make them inherently fragile, including the notion of tight coupling.  Here, feedback between trading, price changes and subsequent trading based on the price changes can give rise to instability. Today, Rick is the founder of Fabric RQ, a firm delivering risk management solutions to the RIA community. Among the issues Rick worries about today include SPACs, NFTs and the concentration of richly valued tech stocks in indices like the S&P 500.  I hope you enjoy this episode of the Alpha Exchange, my discussion with Rick Bookstaber.
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Jul 14, 2021 • 49min

Simon Ho, Founder and CEO, T3 Index

With many years experience trading and risk managing derivative exposures, Simon Ho is now the founder and CEO of T3 Index, a financial research and technology firm doing some interesting work in the arena of complex index and product construction.  An avid user of VIX products during his time on the buy-side, Simon loved everything about the CBOE suite of vol products but the cost to use them. He set out to create a similar, but more economical product that could compete for the growing user base of investors who sought direct exposure to volatility. With this, SPIKES was born and so too began the journey for Simon and his team to bring a new volatility option and futures product to the market.  Next, we explore the newest creation from T3, the BitVol index.  Recognizing the interest from investors in trading volatility directly, Simon sees promise in an index that gives end users direct access to implied volatility in Bitcoin. While exploring this, we discuss the characteristics of vol surfaces for assets like Bitcoin, drawing similarity to gold and volatility itself.  Lastly, Simon is excited about T3’s work on interest rate volatility, having developed an index he hopes will become a leading instrument to manage risk in this important asset class.  I hope you enjoy this episode of the Alpha Exchange, my conversation with Simon Ho.
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Jun 16, 2021 • 46min

Colin Lancaster, Global Head of Macro, Schonfeld Strategic Advisors

Now the Global Head of Macro at Schonfeld Strategic Advisors, Colin Lancaster has always found top-down investing a fascinating discipline.  Trained as a lawyer but finding his way to the buy-side in the 1990’s, Colin has spent the last 25 years in markets, allocating capital and building teams focused on macro.  Over his long career, he’s traded through his share of vol events, each a challenging experience but also formative from a risk philosophy standpoint. Our conversation is a retrospective on the nature of risks that investors are forced to confront, how discontinuities in asset prices materialize and that ever elusive search for the positive carry hedge. Exploring seismic episodes of risk-off, we also spend time on the need to anticipate the inevitable and typically overwhelming response from the Central Bank and how, post both the GFC and now Pandemic, the Fed’s interventions have increasingly crowded out the integrity of market price signals.  Lastly, we spend time on Colin’s fast paced and insightful book, “FED UP!”, a project he undertook in 2020.  In it, Colin brings to life the frenetic, all-consuming world of global macro investing in which an unwelcome portfolio move is always a bad tweet away and decisions must be made quickly and based on a vastly incomplete information set.  Weaved into “FED UP!” is a statement of concern about the widening gap of wealth inequality in the US.  In a world in which asset prices are increasingly the outcome of Central Banks who mean well but whose actions vastly benefit some versus others, a certain rethink may be in order.  I hope you enjoy this episode of the Alpha Exchange, my conversation with Colin Lancaster. 
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Jun 12, 2021 • 53min

Paul Kim, Co-Founder and CEO, Simplify Asset Management

From a young age and learning from his humble and hardworking parents who immigrated from South Korea, Paul Kim developed an appreciation for the value of capitalism and the pursuit of the American dream.  Finding his way into the investment industry first in an investment banking seat at Lazard where he learned by fire, Paul would ultimately spend time at PIMCO and then at Principal Global Investors where he launched and built the firm’s ETF business. More recently, Paul co-founded Simplify Asset Management, a firm committed to delivering innovative products in the exchange traded landscape. Our conversation is focused on how derivatives can be used within an ETF to augment the purely linear exposures provided by traditional instruments like the SPY. By overlaying a put option, for instance, an investor can protect against extreme downside risk in equities like that which materialized in March of 2020.  We discuss as well important and exciting new developments in the ETF industry, one of which allows for the utilization of OTC derivatives. In this context, Simplify has created a ground-breaking product that seeks to hedge interest rate risk for end users, work developed by derivatives pioneer Harley Bassman. In an environment in which fiscal and monetary policy are acting powerfully in tandem, such a product can easily prove critical to defending the potential inflation that may already be surfacing. Lastly, Paul and I touch on the fast moving world of cryptocurrencies and how his firm is thinking about giving investors access to this new asset class and the potentially diversifying role it may serve in a portfolio. I hope you enjoy this episode of the Alpha Exchange, my conversation with Paul Kim.
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May 31, 2021 • 55min

Samara Cohen, Managing Director and Co-Head of EII Markets and Investments, BlackRock

In the investment world, few if any products have experienced as much growth as the exchange traded fund. And within the ETF business, no firm is as large and as important as BlackRock. In this context, it was great to welcome Samara Cohen, Managing Director and Co-Head of EII Markets and Investments at BlackRock to the Alpha Exchange. Through our discussion, we learn of Samara’s start in the industry as employee 134 at BlackRock before attending business school and then spending 16 years in fixed income at Goldman Sachs. Here she developed a keen understanding of bond market plumbing and the implications of post GFC regulatory reforms for the design of future products. This focus on bond market structure strategy paved the way for her return to BlackRock in 2015. Samara shares with us some of the key milestones in the ETF business, including the electronification of bond market trading that came from the first fixed income ETF in 2002. Important as well for the ETF industry  has been episodes of significant volatility during which investor demand for liquid and transparent macro assets surged. Our conversation next considers the business coordination required among Samara’s team members to support the roughly 800 ETFs offered by BlackRock. Central to running a business at such scale has been substantial investment in technology and automation and these proved especially critical during the market crisis of 2020. It was during this incredible surge in volatility – both in the stock market and bond market – that investors utilized ETFs for price discovery and risk transfer in tremendous size. Lastly, we spend time on the people aspect of the business, a topic on which Samara is particularly passionate. She is proud that her team of investment managers within the engine is mostly women and plays an active role in the discussion among leadership around BlackRock’s commitment to a broadening the racial and ethnic make-up of the firm. In addition to being strongly motivated by efforts to increase inclusion, Samara looks forward and is genuinely excited about the prospect of bringing hundreds of millions more people into the markets and investing.  I hope you enjoy this episode of the Alpha Exchange, my discussion with Samara Cohen.
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May 21, 2021 • 56min

Robert Bogucki, Co-Head of Global Trading and Head of Derivatives Trading, Galaxy Digital Holdings

If “theta is the rent on gamma,” for Robert Bogucki, trading options from the long side has always been worth the inevitable pain from carrying positions during benign periods in markets. Trained in mechanical and aerospace engineering, Rob made his way to Goldman Sachs at a time when the Street was just starting to take on individuals with math and physics background. Starting on the currency options desk at Goldman, Rob would spend time at Morgan Stanley and Merrill Lynch before ultimately leading the global macro trading desk at Barclays, running a large customer and proprietary FX options book.  Musing that a “bachelor’s degree in crowd psychology is worth more than a PhD in economics”, Rob stresses that modeling architecture like Black Scholes is important as a starting point for valuation, but we need to appreciate the limitations of models. We review a few fascinating risk events in FX derivatives that Rob traded through. Remembering how disrespected risk premium was in the early summer of 2007, for example, Rob bought vol on the Brazil Yen cross, a pair in which hedge funds had piled into in order to earn the sizable interest rate differential. While difficult to carry, the market ruptures that materialized late summer as the Quant Quake went into full sway made this trade highly profitable.  We speak as well about taking in as many data points across the asset classes for clues as to what might sponsor the next risk event, a strategy Rob executed by roaming on different floors to get a feel for what colleagues were up to.  Today, Rob is co-head of global trading and head of derivatives trading at Galaxy Digital, a firm focused on various businesses in the crypto landscape. In his role of pricing options on digital assets such as Bitcoin and Ethereum, Rob has plenty to say about these interesting vol surfaces and the interaction of various actors who are net sellers or net buyers of volatility. In his view, derivatives market liquidity is steadily increasing and a virtuous cycle is in place. These products will become more important as the extraordinary thrust of Central Bank actions are creating a broad rethink of the fiat monetary system.  I really enjoyed this episode of the Alpha Exchange and hope you do as well. 
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May 6, 2021 • 51min

Andrew Scott, Partner, Head of Client Solutions Bach Option Ltd.

After a 6 week hiatus during which I was recovering from a serious jet ski accident, I am excited to bring you a fresh episode of the Alpha Exchange.  And it was wonderful to spend time with Andrew Scott, a Partner and Head of Client Solutions at Bach Option.  Our conversation is an exploration into the complex factors that drive the clearing price for volatility in equity markets.  In this context, we spend no time on the economic cycle or corporate profits or the latest missive from the Fed.  Instead, Andrew explains how the vast industry of Asian structured products leaves banks with complex exposures to optionality, correlation and dividends.  These trades, designed to create income in countries like South Korean that have seen interest rates in secular decline, leave banks with substantial long vol positions.   Through our conversation, we learn of the concept of “peak vega”, an industry estimate for the level of the underlying index where bank’s are most long vega.  Andrew also lays out in great detail the risk recycling that has long operated alongside the structured products universe.  Here, depressed levels of index vol and skew in Asia encouraged hedge funds and asset managers to implement volatility relative value trades versus the S&P 500.  Lastly, we touch on Andrew’s new position at Bach Option, joining founder Miao-Dan Wu in building out a firm dedicated to understanding and trading volatility at a time of great change in markets and plenty of catalysts for the next volatility event.  I hope you enjoy my discussion with Andrew Scott. 
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Mar 26, 2021 • 49min

Erin Browne, Portfolio Manager, PIMCO

On this episode of the Alpha Exchange, Dean had the pleasure of catching up with Erin Browne, a Portfolio Manager at PIMCO. Through their discussion, we learn of Erin’s introduction to the study of macro, a discipline she instantly found fascinating and has underpinned her more than 2 decades career in markets. At Moore Capital through the build-up and ultimate unwind of the US housing bubble, Erin provides perspective she gathered during the GFC, laying out the time spent on idea generation as well as efforts to optimize the trade construction. Because these shorts became so large, having a game plan on profit-taking also became an important consideration. The conversation also focuses on the 2020 Pandemic, and how Erin and her team successfully positioned portfolios at PIMCO through that volatility episode. Surveying the set of risks that comprise today’s investing landscape, Erin is focused on inflation and, importantly, the Fed’s reaction function to the data. She sees vulnerability in “spec tech”, that equity market segment with lofty valuations and for which higher interest rates appear a real headwind. But there is value out there and in EM, Erin sees cheap assets on both the FX and equity side. Dean closes the conversation by soliciting Erin’s views on the opportunity set for women in finance. Recently named to the highly prestigious list of Barron’s 100 Most Influential Women in Finance, Erin is in a great position to share her views. She sees lots of progress, with excellent efforts to support women at the junior level and more still to do at the mid-level segment of female career development. Please enjoy Dean’s discussion with Erin Browne.
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Mar 15, 2021 • 55min

Dave Puritz, Founder and CIO, Shaolin Capital Management

A quarter-century ago, as the original tech bubble began in earnest, the American Stock exchange was full of action. Populated with an aggressive throng of option traders, the Amex was a critical liquidity venue during a period of heady growth in the US listed options market. It was here, starting as a clerk, that Dave Puritz began to hone the craft that underpins his role today as founder and CIO of Shaolin Capital Management. Through our discussion, we learn of Dave’s sell-side experience, as a listed options trader at BofA and then as head of convertible bond trading at Deutsche Bank, and the lessons he gathered in balancing the facilitation of customer business with the management of proprietary positions. Much of our conversation centers on converts, an asset class in which Dave and Shaolin have gained prominence. Reflecting on the tremendous issuance already in 2021, Dave finds it important to assess the combination of high implied volatility and long duration associated with recent large deals. A very active participant in the SPAC market, Dave sees plenty of opportunity here but argues that the entry price matters and believes it is better to be a buyer of unloved securities than part of a gold rush in which valuation is cast aside. Lastly, we explore Dave’s philosophy of tail risk hedging and how he utilizes both listed options and credit protection to defend the portfolio against the disruption events that have become a frequent reality in modern markets. I hope you enjoy this episode of the Alpha Exchange, my conversation with Dave Puritz.
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Mar 5, 2021 • 56min

Greg King, Founder and CEO, Osprey Funds

Greg King has spent his career creating vehicles that enable investors to access complex risk exposures.  Part of the team from Barclays that designed the VXX ETP product in 2009, Greg went on to co-found Velocity Shares, a firm that was ultimately acquired by Janus and created both the TVIX and XIV, levered long and short versions of the VXX.  About the XIV, Greg shares his views on the manner in which the mechanical hedging requirements for inverse leveraged products can lead to a spiral in the price of the underlying asset.  Later, Greg would found Rex Shares, a platform that has brought a series of exchange-traded products to market.  Through our conversation, we hear Greg’s perspectives on the characteristics of products that attract considerable AuM versus the many that do not.  In this context, Greg believes that understanding the technicalities of how a product is built is important but so too is persistence and a little bit of luck.  We spent the balance of our discussion talking about Greg’s venture into crypto, a space he has been involved in for more than 7 years.  His Osprey Funds has launched OBTC, an access vehicle for Bitcoin, that seeks to lower both the costs and challenges associated with gaining exposure.  About the crypto space broadly, Greg sees lots of opportunity to develop tradeable, ticker-based trust structures that provide access to various digital coins and tokens.  I hope you enjoy this episode of the Alpha Exchange, my conversation with Greg King. 

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