The Conversation Weekly

For much of the 21st century, one theory has dominated research efforts to cure Alzheimer's disease: the amyloid hypothesis. Beta-amyloid is a protein that builds up in clumps, or plaques, in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease and is linked to their cognitive decline.But in recent years, despite the emergence of a couple of new drugs targeting these plaques, some scientists have begun to doubt the amyloid hypothesis. Donald Weaver, a professor of chemistry at the University of Toronto in Canada, is one of them. Weaver no longer believes there will be one magic bullet found to cure Alzheimer’s disease. Instead, he advocates for a magic shotgun approach that is likely to involve multiple ways of treating the problem, including starting much earlier in a person’s life. He tells us about shifts in the understanding of Alzheimer's during his career of more than 30 years, and the theories now emerging about what might cause the disease and how to treat it. This episode was written and produced by Katie Flood with assistance from Mend Mariwany. Gemma Ware is the host and executive producer. Sound design and mixing by Eloise Stevens and theme music by Neeta Sarl. Read the full credits for this episode and sign up here for a free daily newsletter from The Conversation.If you like the show, please consider donating to The Conversation, an independent, not-for-profit news organisation.

Bright Simons is a prominent political and economic commentator from Ghana, while Adejewan Shoinka serves as Regional Editor for West Africa at The Conversation. They delve into the repercussions of USAID cuts, particularly highlighting how Nigeria and other African nations are affected. The discussion critiques the reliance on foreign aid and explores alternative strategies for health management and economic stability. Simons and Shoinka emphasize the importance of local accountability and proactive health measures in overcoming these challenges.

Salma Mousa, an assistant professor of political science at UCLA, explores the 'Mo Salah effect'—how the famed Egyptian footballer reduces prejudice. She discusses how Salah's celebrity status fosters positive perceptions of Muslims in the UK. His influence has led to a notable 16% decrease in hate crimes in Merseyside and reduced anti-Muslim sentiments among fans. Mousa highlights the role of sports in promoting social cohesion and challenges surrounding ethnic integration, showing how notable figures can reshape societal attitudes.

The Trump administration’s cuts to funding for American universities and research have left many scientists reeling and very worried. At the National Institutes of Health, which has an annual budget of US$47 billion to support medical research both in the U.S. and around the world, nearly 800 grants have been terminated. The administration is considering cutting the overall budget of the NIH by 40%. In this episode, we speak to three scientists, Brady West and Sunghee Lee from the University of Michigan in the US, and Glenda Gray, an expert in HIV vaccines from the University of Witwatersrand in South Africa, about what it’s like to have funding cut by the Trump administration.This episode was written and produced by Gemma Ware and Katie Flood. Sound design and mixing by Eloise Stevens and theme music by Neeta Sarl. Read the full credits for this episode and sign up here for a free daily newsletter from The Conversation.If you like the show, please consider donating to The Conversation, an independent, not-for-profit news organisation.

Few places on earth are immune to the explosion of anti-vaccination conspiracy theories and health disinformation fuelled by the COVID pandemic. But in countries like Brazil, where the disinformation flowed from the very top of government, the problem is even more acute and some people are exploiting the fear of others to make money. In this episode we speak to Ergon Cugler at the Brazilian Institute of Information on Science and Technology about his new research into how peddlers of disinformation on social media also sell fake cures and vaccine detoxes. And we ask disinformation researcher Igor Sacramento at Brazil's Oswaldo Cruz Foundation why some people are looking for solutions to their health problems in these dangerous chemicals and unproven protocols. Editor’s note: The Conversation learned after publishing this podcast that one of the interviewees, Igor Sacramento, passed away in late April. He was interviewed on 27 March for this episode. We’re deeply saddened to learn of his death and send our deepest sympathies to his friends, family and colleagues.This episode was written and produced by Gemma Ware with assistance from Mend Mariwany. Sound design and mixing by Eloise Stevens and theme music by Neeta Sarl. Read the full credits for this episode and sign up here for a free daily newsletter from The Conversation.If you like the show, please consider donating to The Conversation, an independent, not-for-profit news organisation.

Aarushi Bhandari, a sociologist focused on internet spaces, and Parul Bhandari, a researcher on gender and class inequalities, dive into the allure of the iconic Birkin bag. They discuss its origins and its role as a status symbol among the elite. The conversation takes a twist with Walmart's 'Wirkin,' sparking debates on wealth disparity and consumer behavior. Topics include the rise of anti-elitism, the impact of social media on class consciousness, and how luxury fashion reflects broader cultural trends.

Rob Brooks, a Professor of Evolution at the University of New South Wales, shares intriguing insights on how AI could shape humanity's evolution. He discusses the potential for AI to influence brain size and cognitive capabilities, leading to simpler social interactions. The conversation highlights the dual impact of technology, both enhancing happiness but also posing risks to relationships and emotional connections. Brooks raises ethical questions about our reliance on AI and what it means for our future as a species.

Five years since Covid, not only has the pandemic affected the way we live and work, it’s also influencing the way researchers are thinking about the past. In this episode archaeologist Alex Bentley from the University of Tennessee explains how the pandemic sparked new research into how disease may have affected ancient civilisations, and the clues this offers about a change in the way humans designed their villages and cities 8,000 years ago.This episode was written and produced by Katie Flood and hosted by Gemma Ware. Sound design was by Eloise Stevens and theme music by Neeta Sarl. Read the full credits for this episode and sign up here for a free daily newsletter from The Conversation.If you like the show, please consider donating to The Conversation, an independent, not-for-profit news organisation.Celibacy: family history of Tibetan monks reveals evolutionary advantages in monasticism – podcastSocially distanced layout of the world’s oldest cities helped early civilization evade diseases

Ships transport around 80% of the world’s cargo. From your food, to your car to your phone, chances are it got to you by sea. The vast majority of the world’s container ships burn fossil fuels, which is why 3% of global emissions come from shipping – slightly more than the 2.5% of emissions from aviation. The race is on to reduce these emissions, and quickly, to meet the Paris agreement targets. In this episode we find out what technologies are available to shipping companies to reduce their carbon emissions – from sails, to alternative fuels or a 'Google maps for the ocean'. Featuring Daniel Precioso, post-doctoral researcher at IE University in Spain and Alice Larkin, Professor of Climate Science and Energy Policy, University of Manchester. This episode was written and produced by Gemma Ware with assistance from Mend Mariwany. Sound design was by Eloise Stevens and theme music by Neeta Sarl. Read the full credits for this episode and sign up here for a free daily newsletter from The Conversation.If you like the show, please consider donating to The Conversation, an independent, not-for-profit news organisation.Sails and satellite navigation could cut shipping industry’s emissions by up to a thirdGlobal shipping is under pressure to stop its heavy fuel oil use fast – that’s not simple, but changes are comingFive ways to cut emissions from shipping

For over 40 years, the Kurdistan Workers Party, the PKK, has waged an armed insurgency against Turkey, fighting for Kurdish rights and autonomy.But in late February, Abdullah Öcalan, the PKK’s imprisoned founder, called for the group to lay down its arms and dissolve itself. Days later, the PKK, which is labelled as a terrorist organisation by Turkey, Europe and the US, declared a ceasefire with Turkey. In this episode, we speak to political scientist Pinar Dinc at Lund University in Sweden about what’s led to this moment and whether it could be the beginning of a lasting peace between Turkey and the Kurds. This episode was written and produced by Mend Mariwany. Sound design was by Eloise Stevens and theme music by Neeta Sarl. Full credits for this episode are available. Sign up here for a free daily newsletter from The Conversation.If you like the show, please consider donating to The Conversation, an independent, not-for-profit news organisation.Syria integration deal with Kurds brings relief after days of bitter violence wracks war-torn countryWhat’s behind Erdoğan’s calculated shift on Kurds and its potential consequencesPKK leader’s call to disarm fuels hope for end to Kurdish conflict – but peace is not imminent