Don't Panic Geocast

This week we talk about mounds of feedback, learning new skills, and where to tackle the problem of computer programming. It’s for everyone and it’s really not scary! The Origins of MATLAB Just in time compilation LabView Fortran List of programming languages Agile Geoscience Pseudocode Python Crash Course Learn Python the Hard Way Effective Computation in Physics Fun Paper Friday What happens when a few Goodmans write a paper? You get a study on authorship that is paralleled by none! Thanks for the paper Andrew! Goodman, Allen C., et al. “A Few Goodmen: Surname‐Sharing Economist Coauthors.” Economic Inquiry 53.2 (2015): 1392–1395. Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - show@dontpanicgeocast.com John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

Hannah’s Website Seismic Sound Lab Girls’ Science Day Penn State Trash Can Experiment Research as Art Caddisfly jewelery Olivine under the microscope Earth Pottery LDEO Research as Art Swansea University Art Competition University of Arizona - The Art of Planetary Science University College London - Research Images as Art University of Florida - Finding Beauty in Biology University of Wisconsin, Madison - Science Meets Art Washington University in St. Louis - Research as Art Dinoflagellate Fun Paper Friday In this week’s Fun Paper Friday we find out what your eyes were doing when they weren’t rolled back in your head during those long classroom powerpoint presentations. Slykhuis, D. A., Wiebe, E. N., & Annetta, L. A. (2005). Eye-Tracking Students’ Attention to PowerPoint Photographs in a Science Education Setting. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 14(5–6), 509–520. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10956–005–0225-z Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - show@dontpanicgeocast.com John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

This week we’re going underground…to caves that is. We review the basics of how caves form, some unique features, and a lot of fun vocabulary. We also talk about the latest and greatest scientific discovery! How caves form Carbonic Acid Hydrogen Sulfide Video of Limestone vs. Acid Carlsbad Caverns Formation White-Nose Syndrome Karst Speleothems Stalactites vs. Stalagmites Cave Bacon (Flowstone) Cave Popcorn Troglobites Wind Cave Boxwork Calcite Lehman Cave Cave shields Alabaster Caverns Fun Paper Friday This week we learn about one of the most exciting physics discoveries in modern physics - the measurement of gravitational waves. Gravitational waves for dummies Text Messages from LIGO Abbott, B. P., et al. “Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger.” Physical Review Letters 116.6 (2016): 061102. Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - show@dontpanicgeocast.com John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

This week a special guest takes us to the moon by talking about lunar rocks and meteorites! The moon turns out to be a fascinating place, but probably won’t break up like in Seveneves. Brad’s Website Jim Papike Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) Mars Exploration Rovers Apollo Lunar Rocks and Soils Collection Impact Basin Geology South Pole-Aitken Basin Yutu Rover Electron Microprobe Armalcolite (mineral) IDL ENVI Software ISIS Software ArcGIS ACT Zoomable Lunar Map Fun Paper Friday “Age Rules” from PSRD Borg, L. E., Gaffney, A. M., and Shearer, C. K. (2015) A Review of Lunar Chronology Revealing a Preponderance of 4.34–4.37 Ga Ages, Meteoritics & Planetary Science, v. 50, p. 715–732, doi: 10.1111/maps.12373. Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - show@dontpanicgeocast.com John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

Why do mountains form, earthquakes happen, and volcanoes form where they do? The answer is plate tectonics. This week we explore the history of being wrong about how the Earth works. Shannon’s Keyboard Plate Tectonics Tectonics is from the Greek tekton or “builder” Ben Franklin’s Letter Alfred Wegener The Origin of Continents and Oceans (Book by Wegener) Mesosaurus Arthur Holmes (1928) NOAA Seafloor Spreading Activity Seafloor spreading proposed by Hess and Dietz B.O.B and NDGT rap battle about the shape of the Earth John Tuzo Wilson Mantle Convection Slab Pull Chain demonstration Plate Boundaries Divergent Convergent Transform Lava lakes as analogs Fun Paper Friday How does cement harden? Does it turn into a continuous material or is it still a bunch of grains stuck together? Find out with this week’s Fun Paper Friday! MIT News Story on Research Ioannidou, K., Krakowiak, K. J., Bauchy, M., Hoover, C. G., Masoero, E., Yip, S., et al. (2016). Mesoscale texture of cement hydrates. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 201520487–6. http://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1520487113 Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - show@dontpanicgeocast.com John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

We’ve already talked a little bit about the Earth’s magnetic field, but where does that fall in terms of geoscience? Lots of physicists look at the magnetic field, but so do geologists. Not just our current field, but the ancient magnetic field, which is called paleomagnetism. Paleomagnetism Continental Position Video Butler’s Pmag Webpage Apparent Polar Wander True Polar Wander Magnetism in rocks - Dunlop Authigenic Mineralization Pmag Chainsaw Drill PmagPy (Python Software) Super IAPD Zijderveld, 1964 Mu Metal Magnetic Field Shielded Room SQUID Magnetometer Fun Paper Friday What can chopsticks tell us about earthquakes? Find out by reading this week’s fun paper! Tsai, S.-T., Wang, L.-M., Huang, P., Yang, Z., Chang, C.-D., & Hong, T.-M. (2016). Acoustic Emission from Breaking a Bamboo Chopstick. Physical Review Letters, 116(3), 035501–5. http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.035501 Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - show@dontpanicgeocast.com John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

With the first winter storm of 2016 over with, we figured we would jump on the bandwagon and talk about some different types of winter precipitation. Feedback Bending Spacetime in the Basement (Thanks Mark!) Cavendish Experiment Winter Precipitation Snowtron John’s Drone Experiments Pickle Juice and Cheese brine! Atmospheric Temperature Profiles Freezing Rain Freezing Fog Sleet Ice Storms Types of Frost Hail John’s Article “Highway to Hail" Graupel Inupiat Dictionary - Turn to page 104 in the pdf and you can see all the different words for snow! Many Snow Crystals! Snow Rollers (lots of photos!) NWS Warnings and Watches - Definitions Fun Paper Friday This week we use seismology to find… a burglar? Hinzen, K. G., Reamer, S. K., & Fleischer, C. (2016). Analysis of a Burglargram. Seismological Research Letters, 87(1), 193–195. http://doi.org/10.1785/0220150253 Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - show@dontpanicgeocast.com John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

Last week we talked about glaciers, a basic staple of any geology education. That means it’s only fair to talk about a geophysics staple this week. We can measure gravity at different locations and use it to help figure out what’s under our feet. That and another great Fun Paper this week! It’s All About Pentiums (Weird Al) Gravity Basics All geophysical methods are based on measuring some kind of physical property difference. Gravity is sensitive to the density of the material below the measurement. “Big G" gal (unit) Density for any rock varies widely. Gravity from impact structures Measuring gravity Absolute gravimeter Relative gravimeter Zero-Length Springs Differential GPS Corrections Examples of the more common corrections Eötvös effect John’s explanation of Coriolis Force and Toilets Isostasy Bouguer Anomaly FORTRAN Talwani Example Original Talwani Paper Fun Paper Friday Alarcón, Héctor, et al. “Self-Amplification of Solid Friction in Interleaved Assemblies.” Physical Review Letters 116.1 (2016): 015502. Semis pulling on phone books Mythbusters Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - show@dontpanicgeocast.com John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

Last known survivor of the 1906 San Fran. EQ/Fire passes away Ice is a mineral National Snow and Ice Data Center Great USGS informational publication on ice ages Mendenhall Glacier Video of 1 year of Mendenhall melting Chasing Ice Firn Pressure melting point Regelation Video of Regelation Experiment Weertman 1957 (Paper on ice movement) Great Lakes Glacial erratic Ice age Drumlin Esker Moraine Kettle Lakes Subglacial channels Glacial striation Fun Paper Friday This week we learn about low frequency sound waves in the atmosphere and how we can use them to determine the winds at high altitudes and improve numerical weather prediction. EOS Article Arrowsmith, Stephen J., Omar Marcillo, and Douglas P. Drob. “A framework for estimating stratospheric wind speeds from unknown sources and application to the 2010 December 25 bolide.” Geophysical Journal International 195.1 (2013): 491–503. Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - show@dontpanicgeocast.com John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

Last week we told you about many different map projections and talked about why they are all wrong. This week we’ll discuss a few of our favorites, why we like them, and when they fail us. We also have another Star Wars themed Fun Paper Friday! How’s your 2016 so far? (PhD Comics) Nuclear Test John’s Particle Motion Movie How To Detect A Secret Nuclear Test Picking a Projection Consider what you need For dot density plots, equal area is important Mercator projection Gnomonic projection Great circle distance Great circle Our Favorites Compare landmasses to Africa. Mercator puzzle Wikipedia lists over 60 different projections! Strangest: Hammer retroazimuthal projection or Waterman Butterfly Projection Most boring/overused: Mercator Projection or Web Mercator Pleasing whole-world: Robinson , Winkel tripel projection, or Armadillo Polar Regions: Stereographic Projection or Pierce Quincuncial Projection Fun Paper Friday Feinstein, Zachary. “It’s a Trap: Emperor Palpatine’s Poison Pill.” arXiv preprint arXiv:1511.09054 (2015). Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - show@dontpanicgeocast.com John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin