SciShow Tangents

So look, Stefan sings a song in this episode, so I’m not sure what more you need. He looked cool as heck when he was doing it and I was really proud of him! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!  While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Truth or Fail]Music & Creativityhttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-02/lu-hlt022619.phpInspirational Music & Sports performancehttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-01/f-mmi012918.phpMusic & Drivinghttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-08/aabu-tdm082213.phphttps://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/e5b0/98e4ef211279d26a14d7502a80232a90dc2d.pdf[Fact Off]Nanoguitar Telharmoniumhttp://synthmuseum.com/magazine/0102jw.htmlhttps://ocw.mit.edu/courses/music-and-theater-arts/21m-380-music-and-technology-contemporary-history-and-aesthetics-fall-2009/lecture-notes-and-videos/MIT21M_380F09_lec11.pdfhttp://120years.net/the-telharmonium-thaddeus-cahill-usa-1897/http://www.csun.edu/~dwh50750/Classes/MUS191/Emusic_readings/ECenturyPartI.htmlScientific american article: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Telharmonium_-_Scientific_American_1907.png[Ask the Science Couch]Timbrehttp://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Sound/timbre.htmlhttps://cecm.indiana.edu/etext/acoustics/chapter1_timbre.shtmlhttps://ocw.mit.edu/courses/health-sciences-and-technology/hst-725-music-perception-and-cognition-spring-2009/lecture-notes/MITHST_725S09_lec07_timbre.pdfBeetlejuicehttps://twitter.com/VoiceSLPChris/status/1111285302352625665/video/1[Butt One More Thing]Brown notehttps://books.google.co.uk/books?id=khzDRYfj97AC&pg=PA932&lpg=PA932&dq=the+collophone+commemorated&source=bl&ots=vrgUH_MUh4&sig=Z2nnGZJ6W3_Ph_gzXKuhXCbLfW0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwie2pKZw7_QAhWsJcAKHdIlCYEQ6AEIGzAA#v=onepage&q&f=falsehttps://www.vice.com/en_us/article/ppv35z/in-search-of-the-brown-noise

From diet, to shoes, to movement efficiency, people devote their lives to researching and perfecting the art of running. Meanwhile, cheetahs run 75 mph and they sleep all day. No fair! Ceri caught a plane to run a marathon right after we recorded this! I probably went home and watched TV for four hours. Oh well! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!  While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out SciShowTangents.org!

Wise men have long pondered how magnets work. We all know the answer is “magic,” but Ceri and Hank have to keep up the illusion that science is real, so please humor them.Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Truth or Fail]Magnet Therapyhttps://www.livescience.com/40174-magnetic-therapy.htmlGod Machinehttp://www.bbc.co.uk/science/horizon/2003/godonbrain.shtmlhttps://science.howstuffworks.com/life/inside-the-mind/human-brain/brain-religion2.htmhttps://www.psypost.org/2018/01/fake-god-helmet-can-elicit-extraordinary-experiences-especially-among-spiritual-people-50619https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/2153599X.2017.1403952https://mysteriousuniverse.org/2018/01/test-of-god-helmet-at-music-fest-yields-strange-results/Electro-Metabographhttps://books.google.com/books?id=CeMDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA218&lpg=PA218&dq=Electro-metabograph+machine&source=bl&ots=JjXhceV_VG&sig=ACfU3U3mlpAO1DmRW9B8ef9cSK12nuCRew&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjs2dOe6b_mAhXSHjQIHZPICLMQ6AEwEHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=Electro-metabograph%20machine&f=falseRadium Ore Revigatorhttps://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/1/100118-radiation-toxic-water-revigator/[Fact Off]Airport runways/WMMhttps://www.wired.com/story/airports-rename-runways-magnetic-shift/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/news/airport-runway-names-shift-magnetic-fieldhttps://cires.colorado.edu/news/airport-runway-names-shift-earth%E2%80%99s-magnetic-fieldhttps://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/asw_may08_p18-22.pdfhttps://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/geomag/GeomagneticPoles.shtmlhttps://www.ncei.noaa.gov/news/world-magnetic-model-2020-releasedFerrofluidshttp://aerospace.mtu.edu/research/ionic-liquid-ferrofluid-microthrusters/https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/ferrofluidhttps://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.4985141[Ask the Science Couch]Demagnetizinghttps://www.wired.com/story/the-physics-of-falling-magnets-in-stranger-things-season-3/https://nationalmaglab.org/education/magnet-academy/plan-a-lesson/demagnetizinghttp://www.magmamagnets.com/electromagnets-solenoids/https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/150570/what-is-the-difference-between-electromagnet-and-solenoid[Butt One More Thing]Magnetic anal sphincterhttps://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/discussion/mayo-clinic-first-to-implant-device-to-solve-fecal-incontinence/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27926562https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21654242

Listening to Tangents is like making an investment with your brain. And the dividend? Knowledge. Invest today, won't you?Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan- @itsmestefanchin Ceri- @ceriley Sam- @slamschultz Hank- @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out this episode's page at SciShowTangents.org![Truth or Fail]Supernoteshttps://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/23/magazine/23counterfeit.htmlhttps://www.uscurrency.gov/historyCounterfeit $1 billshttps://www.nydailynews.com/news/crime/finding-mr-880-case-1-counterfeit-article-1.109016https://www.nysun.com/on-the-town/little-old-moneymaker/9282/pictures: https://thehustle.co/worst-counterfeiter-in-history-mr-880/https://www.secretservice.gov/about/history/events/Costume jewelry scamhttps://books.google.com/books?id=ELgiAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA85&lpg=PA85https://o.canada.com/technology/nigerian-email-scams-royally-obvious-for-good-reason-study-says-3[Fact Off]Xerox machine anti-counterfeitingYap stone moneyhttps://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sea2.12154?referrer_access_token=PoYDhuZQ2I3K6rW0TZp1r04keas67K9QMdWULTWMo8PSbwnv52oah6avTUlc6Ncg2Fsq-XbfQibDgqrz1_Z5GxRdKzRhmEzfI08Tv5kPNn5935yywdPadRZC0bxzVlqKx6dktyKOLwawQhLnG1PcSg%3D%3Dhttps://www.sciencealert.com/the-original-bitcoin-still-exists-as-giant-stone-money-on-a-tiny-pacific-islandhttps://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0012186[Ask the Science Couch]Plastic vs. paper billshttps://www.banknoteworld.com/blog/the-pros-and-cons-of-polymer-banknotes/https://www.euronews.com/2018/05/16/polymer-vs-paper-banknotes-which-one-is-better-for-environment-https://www.forbes.com/sites/davekeating/2019/08/21/englands-new-currency-is-harming-the-climate-report/#543d2d76524fhttps://www.moneyboat.co.uk/blog/paper-vs-polymer/https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/-/media/boe/files/banknotes/polymer/lca-of-paper-and-polymer-bank-notes.pdf?la=en&hash=7D3845CE11AD21F300CFA023F8FCF4AA37FB73CCComposting or washing U.S. moneyhttps://www.cnet.com/news/cash-to-trash-watch-millions-of-dollars-turn-into-compost/https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/pressroom/presspacs/2014/acs-presspac-january-8-2014/laundering-money-literally-could-save-billions-of-dollars.html[Butt One More Thing]Penny swallowinghttps://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1998-12-01-9812010102-story.htmlhttps://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1998/12/981201033841.htm

SciShow Tangents’ exploration of the electromagnetic spectrum continues with good old, dependable light! What is it? Where does it come from? Only Ceri knows (sort of)!Also, happy New Year to all of our amazing listeners! Thank you for your support over the last year, and here's to another year of laughing and learning with all of you!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out this episode's page at SciShowTangents.org![Truth or Fail]E. colihttps://arxiv.org/abs/1104.3113https://phys.org/news/2014-04-bacterial-fm-radio.htmlCactus Radiohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I1shcxHWQasFrequency Combhttps://www.pnas.org/content/116/19/9181https://www.laserfocusworld.com/lasers-sources/article/14035201/frequency-combs-trick-a-laser-into-producingreceiving-an-rf-signal[Fact Off]Battle of the Beamshttps://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ww2peopleswar/stories/63/a3714563.shtmlhttps://www.nytimes.com/1997/12/19/us/r-v-jones-science-trickster-who-foiled-nazis-dies-at-86.htmlhttp://vc.airvectors.net/ttwiz_07.htmlRV Jones ObituaryW5LFLhttps://amsat-uk.org/2013/01/19/amateur-radio-on-bbc-between-the-ears-space-ham/#more-12135https://www.amsat.org/owen-k-garriott-w5lfl/[Ask the Science Couch]Analog radiohttps://public.wsu.edu/~bryan.mclaughlin/Radio/Who_Invented_Radio.htmlhttps://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/tryit/radio/radiorelayer.htmlhttps://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4suas5/eli5_why_is_the_sound_quality_of_am_radio_so_much/Digital/HD radiohttps://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/digital-radiohttps://electronics.howstuffworks.com/hd-radio.htmhttps://hdradio.com/trademark/https://www.cnet.com/news/digital-radio-all-you-need-to-know/[Butt One More Thing]Pigeon poop / cosmic microwave backgroundhttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/how-scientists-confirmed-big-bang-theory-owe-it-all-to-a-pigeon-trap-180949741/

Humans have wielded the power of radio waves for more than a century, but what exactly are they and how do we use them to transmit information? It turns out, even geniuses like Hank and Ceri have a hard time explaining that!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Truth or Fail]EROShttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25788334MOZEhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-019-0389-0FReSHhttp://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature10428.html[Fact Off]Eidophorhttps://www.earlytelevision.org/eidophor.htmlhttps://hackaday.com/2016/03/15/retrotechtacular-eidophor-an-unknown-widely-used-projector/http://www.film-tech.com/ubb/f1/t004319.htmlhttp://www.earlytelevision.org/yanczer_eidophor.htmlCentennial lighthttp://www.centennialbulb.org/index.htmhttps://www.mentalfloss.com/article/66009/light-bulb-has-been-burning-1901https://www.lampsplus.com/ideas-and-advice/how-an-incandescent-light-bulb-works/https://spectrum.ieee.org/tech-history/dawn-of-electronics/the-great-lightbulb-conspiracyhttps://www.npr.org/2019/03/27/707188193/the-phoebus-cartel[Ask the Science Couch]Brightest artificial lighthttps://www.wired.co.uk/article/brightest-light-ever-computer-chipshttps://www.nature.com/articles/nphoton.2017.100https://www.unl.edu/diocles/homehttps://www.labmanager.com/research-specific-labs/2017/11/home-of-the-world-s-brightest-laser-looks-to-bring-high-quality-x-rays-to-research-medical-applications#.Xe_nrZNKhnN[Butt One More Thing]Firefly butt vs. LEDhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0030402619300452?via%3Dihubhttps://www.futurity.org/light-bulbs-leds-fireflies-1988062/

Jingle Bells, Frosty the Snowman, Let it Snow; the timeless sounds of the holiday. And to that pantheon of greats is added another track: this 30-minute-long, spoken-word science podcast!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links![Truth or Fail]Poinsettia monopolyhttps://www.npr.org/2017/12/22/573046507/how-poinsettias-became-synonymous-with-christmashttp://www.mobileranger.com/blog/the-plant-of-christmas-the-poinsettia/https://www.actahort.org/books/226/226_34.htmhttps://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-dec-23-me-poinsettia23-story.htmlhttps://pubag.nal.usda.gov/download/12136/PDFVanilla flavorhttps://www.huffpost.com/entry/ice-cream-bananas_n_55f8d911e4b0d6492d638853https://www.webmd.com/children/features/is-poinsettia-really-poisonousLatex/rubberhttps://web.extension.illinois.edu/poinsettia/facts.cfmhttp://www.industrialrubbergoods.com/natural-rubber.htmlhttps://www.thespruce.com/facts-about-poinsettias-that-may-surprise-you-2132343[Fact Off]Tinniculite https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134%2FS1075701517070078https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/msa/ammin/article/102/2/466/264546/new-mineral-nameshttps://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/9/6/373/htmPine needle recyclinghttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/329280439_Fuels_and_Value-Added_Chemicals_from_Biomasshttps://theconversation.com/new-recycling-process-could-help-your-christmas-tree-lead-a-surprising-second-life-107984https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876610217350713[Ask the Science Couch]Natural vs. artificial treehttps://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/26/business/energy-environment/fake-christmas-tree-vs-real-tree.htmlhttps://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2018/12/14/real-vs-fake-heres-why-artificial-christmas-trees-rise/2314418002/https://www.sfgate.com/realestate/article/Real-vs-Artificial-Christmas-Tree-Which-Is-More-14866084.phphttps://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2018/12/14/real-vs-fake-heres-why-artificial-christmas-trees-rise/2314418002/[Butt One More Thing]Mistletoehttps://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/special/metro/urban-jungle/pages/121218.htmlhttps://blogs.scientificamerican.com/culturing-science/mistletoe-natural-history/https://www.etymonline.com/word/mistletoehttps://www.etymonline.com/word/missel?ref=etymonline_crossreference

From ancient clay pots to the heat-proof panels on the space shuttle, ceramics have been an integral part of human technology from the very beginning. I can’t even think of any jokes about ceramic! It’s just cool!More importantly! Over the last week or so, Hank has absolutely ruined everyones’ Twitter timelines with one simple question: “is butt legs?” In this episode, you get to bear ear-witness to the genesis of this wretched, society-shattering question! #buttislegsFollow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Truth or Fail]Non-deflatable footballhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deflategatehttp://www.madehow.com/Volume-1/Air-Bag.htmlStrong waterhttps://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Aluminum-oxide#section=Mechanism-of-Actionhttp://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.470.4214&rep=rep1&type=pdfPajamashttps://www.underarmour.com/en-us/tb12https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3699878/https://www.espn.com/espnw/life-style/story/_/id/23315114/we-tried-do-tom-brady-recovery-pajamas-live-their-name[Fact Off]Moon artMagnetic fieldhttps://www.livescience.com/57868-earth-magnetic-field-spike-ancient-times.htmlhttps://www.space.com/43173-earth-magnetic-field-flips-when.htmlhttps://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/02/14/515032512/iron-age-potters-carefully-recorded-earths-magnetic-field-by-accidenthttps://www.newyorker.com/tech/annals-of-technology/earths-mysterious-magnetic-field-stored-in-a-jar?verso=true[Ask the Science Couch]Glazeshttps://edu.rsc.org/feature/the-chemistry-of-pottery/2020245.articlehttps://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/materials-science/glazeSpecific materials (tin, salt, etc.) https://www.thesprucecrafts.com/ceramic-and-glaze-fluxes-2745860https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1560&context=open_access_etdshttps://www.britannica.com/art/tin-glazed-earthenware[Butt One More Thing]Ceramic butt wipinghttps://www.scientificamerican.com/article/toilet-tissue-anthropologists-uncover-all-the-ways-weve-wiped/https://www.bmj.com/content/345/bmj.e8287.full

Bones… seems like a simple enough topic, right? Well, would you believe me if I told you that scientists can’t even agree on how and why bones evolved in the first place?! And teeth? Don’t even get us started on teeth...Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Truth or Fail]Bone Conductionhttps://www.kqed.org/science/1926248/how-elephants-listen-with-their-feethttps://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2001/03/010312071729.htmhttps://news.stanford.edu/news/2009/february18/elephants-triangulation-seismic-vibration-signal-021809.htmlChew Boneshttps://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2017/07/giraffes-eat-skeletons-bones-spd/https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/9767/Bredin_Can(2008).pdf;jsessionid=8BFA2F57B27C91C3BB4F18175D4712A8?sequence=1Glowing Boneshttps://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2018/01/chameleon-bones-florescent-ultraviolet-light-spd/https://www.sciencealert.com/these-cute-little-orange-frogs-have-a-florescent-secret-under-their-skin[Fact Off]Myotragus goathttps://www.pnas.org/content/106/48/20354https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1325260/https://phys.org/news/2009-11-extinct-goat-cold-blooded.htmlhttp://blogs.discovermagazine.com/80beats/2009/11/17/extinct-goat-tried-out-reptilian-cold-blooded-living-it-didnt-work/#.XdMCY5JKhxwpics: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myotragus Subvocalization remotehttps://dam-prod.media.mit.edu/x/2018/03/23/p43-kapur_BRjFwE6.pdfhttps://www.sciencealert.com/silent-voice-headset-subvocalisation-computer-interface-mit[Ask the Science Couch]Bone evolution:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3237026/https://austhrutime.com/bone.htmhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC509207/Aspidin: https://natureecoevocommunity.nature.com/users/169723-joseph-keating/posts/37157-aspidin-a-bone-of-contentionhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6109381/Teeth: https://www.nature.com/news/fossil-scans-reveal-origins-of-teeth-1.13964https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn24268-fish-fossil-suggests-our-skeleton-evolved-face-first/[Butt One More Thing]Lizard Tails:https://www.futurity.org/salamanders-lizards-tails-regeneration-1838762/

When it comes to proper nutrition, just about the only thing everyone can agree on is that people need to eat food. Everything else, from eggs to carbs to vitamins, is basically up in the air!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these link:[Fact Off]Osedax wormshttps://sfamjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005.00824.xhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967063707001483https://science.sciencemag.org/content/305/5684/668/tab-pdf“Vitamin” B17 aka. Laetrilehttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.3322/canjclin.31.2.91?sid=nlm%3Apubmedhttps://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/hp/laetrile-pdq#_10https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK65988/https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/Vitamins[Ask the Science Couch]History of nutrition sciencehttps://www.bmj.com/content/361/bmj.k2392Nutrition research is complicatedhttps://www.vox.com/2016/1/14/10760622/nutrition-science-complicatedhttps://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/explore-healing-practices/food-medicine/why-does-nutrition-advice-change[Butt One More Thing]Sewage sludge protein https://www.feednavigator.com/Article/2017/04/06/Sewage-sludge-to-animal-feed