SciShow Tangents

We’ve talked about all sorts of living things. Bugs, for instance. And plants… elephants… the list goes on. But what we haven’t discussed is the thing that all of those animals are made of: cells! What are they? Why are they? Answers to half those questions await you!Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen [Trivia Question]B. natans number of geneshttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24502779/https://www.genome.gov/human-genome-project/Completion-FAQhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6085824/[Fact Off]Streptococcus disguises itself as red blood cellshttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31801066/https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/886535https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/harmful-bacteria-masquerade-red-blood-cells-evade-immune-system-180973678/Ciliate nuclei + genetics (O. trifallax/S. histriomuscorum)https://www.wired.com/2014/09/oxytricha-encrypted-genome/http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=427777https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(14)00984-2https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2647009/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3558436/[Ask the Science Couch]Cell movement & motor proteinshttps://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/microtubules-and-filaments-14052932/https://www.pnas.org/content/108/51/20275https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4812444/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1893118/https://www.cell.com/current-biology/comments/S0960-9822(98)70264-7https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26867/[Butt One More Thing]Buttock cellshttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2787452/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12308-013-0175-yhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6888610/ 

Snakes get a bad rap. Sure they’re slithery, venomous, silent killers… but they have some nice qualities, too! We don’t talk about many of those nice qualities in this episode, but they do exist. Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Trivia Question]Gliding snakes jumping or nothttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21816808/https://www.nature.com/articles/srep44950[Fact Off]Kukuri snakes disembowelhttps://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/639331https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/881934https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-mvmk_PDzKwhttps://snakesarelong.blogspot.com/2012/06/snakes-that-chew-their-food.htmlPython heart growing and shrinkinghttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16002308/https://www.nature.com/articles/434037a?proof=thttps://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/python-heart-food-news-animalshttps://cob.silverchair-cdn.com/cob/content_public/journal/jeb/211/24/10.1242_jeb.023754/3/3767.pdfhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3383835/https://www.livescience.com/16764-python-hearts-treat-human-cardiac-disease.html[Ask the Science Couch]Snake locomotionVideos: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDDha9MxIDob8lOcy8UMC1g/videoshttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7391877/https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/221/4/jeb166199/33944/Crawling-without-wiggling-muscular-mechanisms-andhttps://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/01/180112132922.htm  https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/invasive-brown-tree-snakes-stun-scientists-amazing-new-climbing-tactic-180976728/[Butt One More Thing]Snake cloaca “farting”https://www.cabi.org/isc/FullTextPDF/2006/20063121845.pdfhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/1565572.pdf?casa_token=hasRmCpaVigAAAAA:PfR7INW6TS-UeKo3iImOG4qx-AI1nj82C6GvjKI0k8TRFtFv7VhADtbPnZZWEkU47AlmGJrFMF8b5Mk8P8MaAhfg6vdE6w5NqDhgil_8fyqYwzIDZA 

Between now and the end of the year, people all over the world will be enjoying all sorts of holiday feasts, eating lots of cookies, and maybe even enjoying a sugar plum or two. In other words: it's food season, baby! And we've got a piping hot bowl of science stew for you! Don't forget to save room for desert: a big slice of butt pie! Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!  While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Trivia Question]Apple sweetnesshttps://www.nature.com/articles/srep44950[Fact Off]Yeast & vitamins advertising https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9105273/https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2018/12/28/675280193/how-a-little-science-and-a-lot-of-shady-advertising-boosted-yeasts-popularityhttps://www.sciencehistory.org/distillations/magazine/the-healing-power-of-compressed-yeasthttps://books.google.com/books?id=MUwfAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA411&dq=nutritional+yeast&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi2_KCv4vLeAhX4ITQIHQmcBCI4igUQ6AEIKTAA#v=onepage&q=nutritional%20yeast&f=falsehttps://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015069802166&view=1up&seq=352https://www.seriouseats.com/what-is-nutritional-yeast-noochEvolution of gourdshttps://www.pnas.org/content/early/2015/11/11/1516109112https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/517382https://insider.si.edu/2015/11/dull-mastadon-taste-buds-once-helped-pumpkins-wild-ancestor-thrive/[Ask the Science Couch]Shark digestive systemshttps://german.bio.uci.edu/images/PDF/Leigh%20et%20al.%20(2017)%20RFBF_online.pdfhttps://dlnr.hawaii.gov/sharks/anatomy/the-shark-inside/http://scienceline.ucsb.edu/getkey.php?key=567https://www.himb.hawaii.edu/ReefPredator/pH.htmVulture digestive systems https://www.wintuaudubon.org/tag/turkey-vulture/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-30216294https://www.audubon.org/news/how-vultures-can-eat-rotten-meat-without-getting-sickhttps://www.nature.com/articles/nature.2014.16345Crocodile digestive systemshttps://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/524150https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/1Hgcr4VrDNgG0RFdVYtH0H3/wonder-facts-crocodileshttps://www.newscientist.com/article/dn13285-super-size-me-alligators-reveal-digestive-trick/https://academic.oup.com/icb/article/55/6/986/2363554[Butt One More Thing]Cow butt meathttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32526619/

Since the beginning of recorded history, people have been putting on lipstick, applying perfume, wearing fake nails, and just generally making themselves look nice for all sorts of reasons. Heck, there are even some animals in on it!  Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!  While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen [Definition]https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetics-laws-regulations/it-cosmetic-drug-or-both-or-it-soap[Trivia Question]Carthamus tinctorius Lhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8126054/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3263051/[Fact Off]Vultures painting themselves redhttps://www.newscientist.com/article/dn19076-zoologger-vultures-use-twigs-to-gather-wool-for-nests/https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ecy.1840https://www.newscientist.com/article/2130980-vultures-smear-their-faces-in-red-mud-which-they-use-as-makeup/https://www.audubon.org/news/these-birds-wear-makeupWWII nylon-replacing liquid leg makeuphttps://books.google.com/books?id=OygDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA30&lpg=PA30https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_765873https://www.sciencehistory.org/distillations/nylon-a-revolution-in-textileshttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/how-nylon-stockings-changed-world-180955219/http://www.cosmeticsandskin.com/ded/liquid-powder.php  [Ask the Science Couch]Dangerous cosmetics (lead, radium, atropine) https://books.google.com/books?id=A3C_DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT26#v=onepage&q&f=falsehttps://books.google.com/books?id=LpplCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT67&hl=en#v=onepage&q&f=falsehttps://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/03/how-we-realized-putting-radium-in-everything-was-not-the-answer/273780/https://cosmeticsandskin.com/aba/glowing-complexion.phphttps://www.fs.fed.us/wildflowers/ethnobotany/Mind_and_Spirit/belladonna.shtmlhttps://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-8614-99/atropine-ophthalmic-eye/atropine-sulfate-ophthalmic/details[Butt One More Thing]Butt hair forensicshttps://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2020/AY/D0AY01068Ehttps://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780128119082/coronary-artery-diseasehttps://archives.fbi.gov/archives/about-us/lab/forensic-science-communications/fsc/april2009/review/2009_04_review02.htm#racebodyid

Please enjoy this version of Ceri's smash hit Cnidarian Song, with musical accompaniment by our own maestro Joseph "Tuna" Metesh!Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen

Jellyfish, corals, anemones… they have a couple things in common. They’re all cnidarians, and they all seem like they don’t really have a whole lot going on. They just sort of float around! But looks can be deceiving: this mysterious, blobby phylum holds many secrets!Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen[Trivia Question]Jellyfish with or against currenthttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6937341/[Fact Off]Moon jelly vortexhttps://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/626033https://www.newscientist.com/article/2264056-jellyfish-push-off-a-pocket-of-water-under-their-bell-to-swim-faster/https://www.cbc.ca/radio/quirks/jan-9-covid-19-and-fighting-viral-evolution-ice-age-wolf-pup-and-more-1.5865449/jellyfish-are-the-ocean-s-most-efficient-swimmers-here-s-how-they-do-it-1.5865457Boxer crabs and sea anemones https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5289105/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274037895_Bonsai_anemones_Growth_suppression_of_sea_anemones_by_their_associated_kleptoparasitic_boxer_crab^ pictures in both these links[Ask the Science Couch]Peeing on jellyfish stingClip: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZjTKKFSb9h8https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/9/3/105/htm?xid=PS_smithsonianhttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/how-fix-jellyfish-sting-180963582/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/whats-behind-that-jellyfish-sting-2844876/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4728541/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3773479/[Butt One More Thing]Coral - good poop (clam) bad poop (surgeonfish)https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33841351/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33326418/https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2020.621111/full

Turns out we needed a week off to recuperate from all the Halloween festivities, so please enjoy this very old episode about Flightless Birds in the meantime! Thanks for listening, and we'll see you next week!Don't forget to pick up a few hundred thousand new SciShow Tangents stickers, featuring our new logo!Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Eclectic Bunny and Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

If you live in the Northern Hemisphere, you might be starting to notice a chill in the air. Let's all fondly reminisce about those warm, summer days that feel so long ago as we learn about heat! And don't forget to pick up a few hundred thousand new SciShow Tangents stickers, featuring our new logo!Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Eclectic Bunny and Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Trivia Question]Hot flasheshttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/495671/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4612529/https://www.cell.com/cell-reports/fulltext/S2211-1247(18)30947-1?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS2211124718309471%3Fshowall%3Dtrue[Fact Off]Thermogenic plantshttps://www.natureinstitute.org/article/craig-holdrege/skunk-cabbagehttps://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ849536.pdfhttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21205176/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2634508/https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.186.4165.746https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2781904/Superionic icehttps://www.cnet.com/news/scientists-create-extraordinary-alien-form-of-super-hot-ice/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1114-6https://www.quantamagazine.org/black-hot-superionic-ice-may-be-natures-most-common-form-of-water-20190508/[Ask the Science Couch]Breath temperature changinghttps://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/7868/why-does-the-air-we-blow-exhale-out-from-our-mouths-change-from-hot-to-cold-depehttps://www.aa.washington.edu/sites/aa/files/faculty/breidenthal/pubs/Brazil.book_REB.pdfhttp://scienceline.ucsb.edu/getkey.php?key=5530http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/glossary/turbulent_flow.html[Butt One More Thing]Butt weldinghttps://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780857095107/welding-processes-handbookhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/referencework/9780080965338/comprehensive-materials-processinghttps://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780815515814/handbook-of-plastics-joininghttps://spiral.imperial.ac.uk/bitstream/10044/1/27516/9/Turrell_Ultra-fast%20collisional_NC.pdf

Ceri and Sam headed on down to the cemetery to dig Hank up for one more bone-chilling edition of It Was a Dark and Stormy Month! We hope you enjoy and have a happy and safe Halloween!Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Eclectic Bunny and Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen [Trivia Question]https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969716324202?via%3Dihubhttps://sfamjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/lam.12345https://www.epa.gov/so2-pollution/sulfur-dioxide-basics[Fact Off]Spaceship debris graveyardhttps://www.greenmatters.com/p/what-happens-to-rocket-boosters-after-launchhttps://www.discovermagazine.com/environment/in-russias-space-graveyard-locals-scavenge-fallen-spacecraft-for-profit#.w0egudhkhbwhttps://www.nature.com/articles/433095a.pdf?origin=ppubhttps://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-19127713Oleic acid as a death cuehttps://web.stanford.edu/~dmgordon/previous/Gordon1983Dependence.pdfhttps://www.pnas.org/content/106/20/8251https://www.npr.org/sections/krulwich/2009/04/01/102601823/hey-im-dead-the-story-of-the-very-lively-anthttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-24054-2https://www.ijbs.com/v09p0313.htmhttp://www.researchtrends.net/tia/article_pdf.asp?in=0&vn=9&tid=20&aid=5289[Ask the Science Couch]Eco-friendly burial options https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/is-cremation-environmentally-friendly-heres-the-sciencehttps://www.cremationassociation.org/page/alkalinehydrolysishttps://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-4895712/New-type-cremation-DISSOLVES-bodies-LIQUID.htmlhttps://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/conl.12421https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pWo2-LHwGMM[Butt One More Thing]https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30111659/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17091303/

“It Was A Dark & Stormy Month" rises from its grave once more to deliver knowledge so good... it's scary!Hank accidentally buried himself alive again, so we are once again joined by Deboki Chakravarti to learn about Earth's little buddy, the Moon! This one's guaranteed to have you howling!Need more Deboki in your life? Follow her on Twitter: @okidoki_boki! There you can find links to the myriad of projects she's involved in!Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Eclectic Bunny and Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Fact Off]Coral reef spawning by moonlighthttps://www.sciencealert.com/the-full-moon-just-triggered-one-of-the-largest-mass-spawning-events-of-2016https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/10/071019093814.htmhttps://www.science.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1145432https://www.cell.com/fulltext/S0092-8674(03)00647-0https://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/the-reef/corals/coral-reproductionEarthshine on the Moon is less than beforehttps://gizmodo.com/earth-is-getting-dimmer-1847782399https://www.cnn.com/2021/10/04/weather/earth-dimming-climate/index.htmlhttps://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/930069[Ask the Science Couch]Moon drifting away from the Earthhttps://public.nrao.edu/ask/why-is-the-moon-moving-away-from-the-earth-when-orbiting-black-holes-ultimately-collide/https://public.nrao.edu/ask/what-happens-as-the-moon-moves-away-from-the-earth/https://www.lpi.usra.edu/education/explore/marvelMoon/background/moon-influence/http://www.iea.usp.br/en/news/when-a-day-lasted-only-four-hourshttps://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2012/11/28/3642932.htmhttps://hpiers.obspm.fr/eop-pc/index.php[Butt One More Thing]Defecation collection devices on the Moonhttps://history.nasa.gov/FINAL%20Catalogue%20of%20Manmade%20Material%20on%20the%20Moon.pdfhttps://solarsystem.nasa.gov/moons/earths-moon/overview/