SciShow Tangents

These little, bubbly guys help us make such perennial favorites as 'bread' and 'beer.' If you're saying to yourself "what is yeast, Alex," I got good news for you: you're right! Come learn about the microscopic fungus amung us on this week's Tangents!Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Trivia Question]Yeast mitotic arresthttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4255140/[Fact Off]Stinking hellebore flower and yeast relationshiphttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2871880/https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20527473-900-stinky-flower-is-kept-warm-by-yeast-partner/#ixzz7HEPFjzKBFruit fly and yeast relationshiphttps://www.cell.com/cell-reports/fulltext/S2211-1247(14)00777-3https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0196440https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4556146/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0300962983906011https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(12)00075-9https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/guest-blog/fruit-flies-use-alcohol-to-self-medicate-but-feel-bad-about-it-afterwards/[Ask the Science Couch]History of yeasthttps://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/yeastshttp://www.faculty.umb.edu/gary_zabel/Courses/Spinoza/Texts/WAW%20Moll%20Antonie%20van%20Leeuwenhoek.htmhttps://books.google.com/books?id=gy_SAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA228&lpg=PA228https://books.google.com/books?id=XILwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA72&lpg=PA72http://e-malt.com/statistics/ScientificDigest/Beginnings_of_microbiology_and_biochemistry_yeast_research.pdf

We're back, baby! And we're seeing double! Ring in the new-ish year with us as we reflect on mirrors!Deboki is hosting a new podcast called Tiny Matters! It’s a science podcast about “the little stuff that makes the big stuff possible!” You can subscribe here! And be sure to follow her on Twitter: @okidoki_bokiHead to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[The Scientific Definition]Heliographhttps://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2014/04/world-war-i-in-photos-technology/507305/https://www.nps.gov/fobo/learn/historyculture/the-heliograph.htmhttps://books.google.com/books?id=RBC2nY1rp5MC&q=heliograph&pg=PA211#v=snippet&q=heliograph&f=falsePseudoscope http://waywiser.fas.harvard.edu/objects/3538/combination-stereoscope-telestereoscope-and-pseudoscope;jsessionid=ADBDCEF0ECA144094F58FDB5779EB61Bhttps://digitalcommons.bucknell.edu/cinematic/3/https://books.google.com/books?id=0_QMAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA146&dq=pseudoscope&as_brr=1#v=onepage&q=pseudoscope&f=falseEtalon  http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/phyopt/fabry.htmlhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/physics-and-astronomy/etalonshttps://www.osapublishing.org/ao/abstract.cfm?uri=ao-5-6-985Reflecting circlehttps://amhistory.si.edu/navigation/type.cfm?typeid=5https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rstl.1801.0019Pictures: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflecting_instrument#Reflecting_circles[Trivia Question]James Webb Space Telescope mirrorshttps://webb.nasa.gov/content/observatory/ote/mirrors/index.htmlhttps://spaceplace.nasa.gov/telescopes/en/[Fact Off]Enantiomers (mirror versions of chemical compounds)https://spinoff.nasa.gov/Spinoff2004/ch_4.htmlhttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/space/must-all-molecules-life-be-left-handed-or-right-handed-180959956/https://www.diabetes.co.uk/blog/2015/06/the-version-of-sugar-that-wont-affect-your-blood-glucose-levels-and-why-you-cant-have-it/https://www.wired.com/2003/11/newsugar/The Venus Effect (mirror sight-lines) https://www.bertamini.org/lab/venus.htmlhttps://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-Venus-effect-in-real-life-and-in-photographs-Bertamini-Lawson/c6d67537323365e8fdae3c7e1b02635c7b1901aa/figure/3[Ask the Science Couch]Super efficient mirrors https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/what-is-the-physical-proc/https://news.mit.edu/1998/mirrorhttp://www.cnn.com/2008/HEALTH/12/19/laser.surgery/index.htmlhttps://physicsworld.com/a/crystalline-supermirrors-cut-optical-losses/https://www.thorlabs.com/newgrouppage9.cfm?objectgroup_id=14069[Butt One More Thing]Mirror test IBShttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3617051/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16258235/

SciShow Tangents is off again this week, but since it's a new year and all, we thought this was the perfect opportunity to rerun our episode all about ways humans have devised to measure time! See you for a new episode next week!Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

SciShow Tangents is taking a couple weeks off for the holidays, but we aren't gonna leave you hanging! This week, we present an unlocked Patreon patron bonus episode in which we try to stump Ceri with a barrage of science and pop culture questions!Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

The Tangents crew gets lightly festive as they talk about the increasingly-less-cold tippity-top and bippity-bottom of good old planet Earth!Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Trivia Question]Plant species in Arctichttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21988606/[Fact Off]Old Seeds!https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/120221-oldest-seeds-regenerated-plants-science?loggedin=truehttps://www.pnas.org/content/109/10/4008Camel ancestors living in Arctichttps://www.calacademy.org/explore-science/the-camel-an-arctic-animalhttps://www.sciencenews.org/article/camel-ancestors-lived-arctichttps://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms2516https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0277379111001661#https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/animal-health-literacy/fun-facts-about-reindeer-and-caribou[Ask the Science Couch]Animals/plants in polar night https://www.popsci.com/how-do-animals-survive-polar-night/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2016/03/arctic-marine-life-polar-night/474870/https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/05/110526064627.htmhttps://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/why-are-reindeer-eyes-golden-in-summer-but-blue-in-winterhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982215014323Animals/plants in midnight sunhttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2921307/https://www.livescience.com/62870-summer-solstice-animals.htmlhttps://uphere.ca/articles/what-does-24-hours-light-do-animalshttps://www.alaskacenters.gov/explore/attractions/midnight-sun/effectshttps://beyondpenguins.ehe.osu.edu/issue/polar-plants/plants-of-the-arctic-and-antarctic[Butt One More Thing]Poop bacteria in Antarcticahttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25451839/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4908950/

We’ve talked about all sorts of living things. Bugs, for instance. And plants… elephants… the list goes on. But what we haven’t discussed is the thing that all of those animals are made of: cells! What are they? Why are they? Answers to half those questions await you!Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen [Trivia Question]B. natans number of geneshttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24502779/https://www.genome.gov/human-genome-project/Completion-FAQhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6085824/[Fact Off]Streptococcus disguises itself as red blood cellshttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31801066/https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/886535https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/harmful-bacteria-masquerade-red-blood-cells-evade-immune-system-180973678/Ciliate nuclei + genetics (O. trifallax/S. histriomuscorum)https://www.wired.com/2014/09/oxytricha-encrypted-genome/http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=427777https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(14)00984-2https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2647009/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3558436/[Ask the Science Couch]Cell movement & motor proteinshttps://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/microtubules-and-filaments-14052932/https://www.pnas.org/content/108/51/20275https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4812444/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1893118/https://www.cell.com/current-biology/comments/S0960-9822(98)70264-7https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26867/[Butt One More Thing]Buttock cellshttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2787452/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12308-013-0175-yhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6888610/ 

Snakes get a bad rap. Sure they’re slithery, venomous, silent killers… but they have some nice qualities, too! We don’t talk about many of those nice qualities in this episode, but they do exist. Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Trivia Question]Gliding snakes jumping or nothttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21816808/https://www.nature.com/articles/srep44950[Fact Off]Kukuri snakes disembowelhttps://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/639331https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/881934https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-mvmk_PDzKwhttps://snakesarelong.blogspot.com/2012/06/snakes-that-chew-their-food.htmlPython heart growing and shrinkinghttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16002308/https://www.nature.com/articles/434037a?proof=thttps://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/python-heart-food-news-animalshttps://cob.silverchair-cdn.com/cob/content_public/journal/jeb/211/24/10.1242_jeb.023754/3/3767.pdfhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3383835/https://www.livescience.com/16764-python-hearts-treat-human-cardiac-disease.html[Ask the Science Couch]Snake locomotionVideos: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDDha9MxIDob8lOcy8UMC1g/videoshttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7391877/https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/221/4/jeb166199/33944/Crawling-without-wiggling-muscular-mechanisms-andhttps://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/01/180112132922.htm  https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/invasive-brown-tree-snakes-stun-scientists-amazing-new-climbing-tactic-180976728/[Butt One More Thing]Snake cloaca “farting”https://www.cabi.org/isc/FullTextPDF/2006/20063121845.pdfhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/1565572.pdf?casa_token=hasRmCpaVigAAAAA:PfR7INW6TS-UeKo3iImOG4qx-AI1nj82C6GvjKI0k8TRFtFv7VhADtbPnZZWEkU47AlmGJrFMF8b5Mk8P8MaAhfg6vdE6w5NqDhgil_8fyqYwzIDZA 

Between now and the end of the year, people all over the world will be enjoying all sorts of holiday feasts, eating lots of cookies, and maybe even enjoying a sugar plum or two. In other words: it's food season, baby! And we've got a piping hot bowl of science stew for you! Don't forget to save room for desert: a big slice of butt pie! Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!  While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Trivia Question]Apple sweetnesshttps://www.nature.com/articles/srep44950[Fact Off]Yeast & vitamins advertising https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9105273/https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2018/12/28/675280193/how-a-little-science-and-a-lot-of-shady-advertising-boosted-yeasts-popularityhttps://www.sciencehistory.org/distillations/magazine/the-healing-power-of-compressed-yeasthttps://books.google.com/books?id=MUwfAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA411&dq=nutritional+yeast&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi2_KCv4vLeAhX4ITQIHQmcBCI4igUQ6AEIKTAA#v=onepage&q=nutritional%20yeast&f=falsehttps://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015069802166&view=1up&seq=352https://www.seriouseats.com/what-is-nutritional-yeast-noochEvolution of gourdshttps://www.pnas.org/content/early/2015/11/11/1516109112https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/517382https://insider.si.edu/2015/11/dull-mastadon-taste-buds-once-helped-pumpkins-wild-ancestor-thrive/[Ask the Science Couch]Shark digestive systemshttps://german.bio.uci.edu/images/PDF/Leigh%20et%20al.%20(2017)%20RFBF_online.pdfhttps://dlnr.hawaii.gov/sharks/anatomy/the-shark-inside/http://scienceline.ucsb.edu/getkey.php?key=567https://www.himb.hawaii.edu/ReefPredator/pH.htmVulture digestive systems https://www.wintuaudubon.org/tag/turkey-vulture/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-30216294https://www.audubon.org/news/how-vultures-can-eat-rotten-meat-without-getting-sickhttps://www.nature.com/articles/nature.2014.16345Crocodile digestive systemshttps://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/524150https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/1Hgcr4VrDNgG0RFdVYtH0H3/wonder-facts-crocodileshttps://www.newscientist.com/article/dn13285-super-size-me-alligators-reveal-digestive-trick/https://academic.oup.com/icb/article/55/6/986/2363554[Butt One More Thing]Cow butt meathttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32526619/

Since the beginning of recorded history, people have been putting on lipstick, applying perfume, wearing fake nails, and just generally making themselves look nice for all sorts of reasons. Heck, there are even some animals in on it!  Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!  While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen [Definition]https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetics-laws-regulations/it-cosmetic-drug-or-both-or-it-soap[Trivia Question]Carthamus tinctorius Lhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8126054/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3263051/[Fact Off]Vultures painting themselves redhttps://www.newscientist.com/article/dn19076-zoologger-vultures-use-twigs-to-gather-wool-for-nests/https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ecy.1840https://www.newscientist.com/article/2130980-vultures-smear-their-faces-in-red-mud-which-they-use-as-makeup/https://www.audubon.org/news/these-birds-wear-makeupWWII nylon-replacing liquid leg makeuphttps://books.google.com/books?id=OygDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA30&lpg=PA30https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_765873https://www.sciencehistory.org/distillations/nylon-a-revolution-in-textileshttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/how-nylon-stockings-changed-world-180955219/http://www.cosmeticsandskin.com/ded/liquid-powder.php  [Ask the Science Couch]Dangerous cosmetics (lead, radium, atropine) https://books.google.com/books?id=A3C_DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT26#v=onepage&q&f=falsehttps://books.google.com/books?id=LpplCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT67&hl=en#v=onepage&q&f=falsehttps://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/03/how-we-realized-putting-radium-in-everything-was-not-the-answer/273780/https://cosmeticsandskin.com/aba/glowing-complexion.phphttps://www.fs.fed.us/wildflowers/ethnobotany/Mind_and_Spirit/belladonna.shtmlhttps://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-8614-99/atropine-ophthalmic-eye/atropine-sulfate-ophthalmic/details[Butt One More Thing]Butt hair forensicshttps://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2020/AY/D0AY01068Ehttps://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780128119082/coronary-artery-diseasehttps://archives.fbi.gov/archives/about-us/lab/forensic-science-communications/fsc/april2009/review/2009_04_review02.htm#racebodyid

Please enjoy this version of Ceri's smash hit Cnidarian Song, with musical accompaniment by our own maestro Joseph "Tuna" Metesh!Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen