The confession of faith of the Kirk of Scotland, February 1638.Text courtesy of Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland: https://www.fpchurch.org.uk/about-us/important-documents/the-national-covenant-1638/ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Despite being born in Scotland, Charles I left as a young child and did not return until he was in his thirties. Nevertheless, he tried to enforce his will much as his father had done. In one of the worst homecomings in history, the king would thoroughly antagonise vast numbers of his subjects.Check out the podcast websiteCheck out Pax Britannica Merch!Facebook | Twitter | Patreon | DonateFor this episode, I found the following publications particularly useful: Russell, C The Causes of the English Civil War Kishlansky, M, Monarchy Transformed Harris, T. Rebellion  Keynon, Ohlmeyer, The Civil Wars Adams, Goodare, Scotland in the Age of Two Revolutions. For a full bibliography, see the website. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Wentworth and Laud try to reform the Church of Ireland, and face resistance. Plantation returns with a vengeance, and even powerful New English face the wrath of the Lord Deputy.Check out the podcast websiteCheck out Pax Britannica Merch!Facebook | Twitter | Patreon | DonateGive Ages of Conquest a listen: https://podcasts.apple.com/ph/podcast/ages-of-conquest-a-kings-and-generals-podcast/id1446527049For this episode, I found the following publications particularly useful: Russell, C The Causes of the English Civil War Kishlansky, M, Monarchy Transformed Nicholas Canny, Making Ireland British, 1580-1650 Harris, T. Rebellion  Keynon, Ohlmeyer, The Civil Wars Lennon, C, 'Protestant Reformations, 1550-1641', in The Cambridge History of Ireland See the website for a full bibliography. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The political concessions known as the Graces remained a sticking point for Irish Catholics. They had bought and paid for them with taxation, but the last Lord Deputy had dragged his feet. Now, with Sir Thomas Wentworth in charge, perhaps the longed-for toleration would finally be made real.Check out the podcast websiteCheck out Pax Britannica Merch!Facebook | Twitter | Patreon | DonateFor this episode, I found the following publications particularly useful: Russell, C The Causes of the English Civil War Kishlansky, M, Monarchy Transformed Harris, T. Rebellion  Keynon, Ohlmeyer, The Civil Wars Lennon, C, 'Protestant Reformations, 1550-1641', in The Cambridge History of Ireland See the website for a full bibliography. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Archbishop Laud spearheads the reform of the Church of England. Out with the new and in with the old, or so he said. Others disagreed and called for a different future for the church. The Court of High Commission and the Court of Star Chamber awaited them with fines, imprisonment, and mutilation.Check out the podcast websiteCheck out Pax Britannica Merch!Facebook | Twitter | Patreon | DonateFor this episode, I found the following publications particularly useful: Russell, C. The Causes of the English Civil War Kishlansky, M. Monarchy Transformed Harris, T. Rebellion  Keynon, Ohlmeyer, The Civil Wars See the website for a full bibliography. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Charles tries to avoid a parliament. Ship Money goes to court. The Hampden Case begins.Check out the podcast websiteCheck out Pax Britannica Merch!Facebook | Twitter | Patreon | DonateFor this episode, I found the following publications particularly useful: Conrad Russell, The Causes of the English Civil War Mark Kishlansky, Monarchy Transformed Harris, T. Rebellion  Keynon, Ohlmeyer, The Civil Wars Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

After the devastating raid at Fort Mystic, the Pequot nation is left without allies as the English and their indigenous allies continue their campaign of collective punishment. Far to the south, the English colonies of Montserrat and Barbados establish their unique characteristics; Montserrat, an Irish island in an English Atlantic world; and Barbados, an economic engine powered by the enslavement of Africans.Check out Intelligent Speech here: https://www.intelligentspeechconference.comCheck out the podcast website: https://www.paxbritannica.infoFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/PodBritannica/Twitter: https://twitter.com/BritannicaPaxFor this episode, I found the following publications particularly useful: Richard Middleton, Colonial America Lipman, Andrew, 'Murder on the Saltwater Frontier', Early American Studies Winthrop, John, A History of New England Karr, Ronald Dale, "Why should you be so furious?": The Violence of the Pequot War', Journal of American History Katz, Steven T., 'The Pequot War Reconsidered', The New England Quarterly Grant, Daragh, 'The Treaty of Hartford: Reconsidering Jurisdiction in Southern New England', The William and Mary Quarterly Beckles, Hilary McD, A History of Barbados: From Amerindian Settlement to Caribbean Single Market Block, Kristen and Shaw, Jenny, 'Subjects without an Empire: The Irish in the Early Modern Caribbean', Past and Present Hogan, Liam, McAtackney, Laura, and Reilly, Matthew C.,'The Irish in the Anglo-Caribbean: servants or slaves?', History Ireland Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

With Saybrook and the rest of Connecticut under siege, a combined Engish and Native force sets out on a daring raid to strike at the heart of Pequot territory.Vote in the British Podcast Awards: https://www.britishpodcastawards.com/voteCheck out Black Wallstreet, 1921: https://www.blackwallstreet-1921.com/Check out the podcast website: https://www.paxbritannica.infoFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/PodBritannica/Twitter: https://twitter.com/BritannicaPaxFor this episode, I found the following publications particularly useful: Virginia Dejohn Anderson, 'New England in the Seventeenth Century', in The Oxford History of the British Empire: Volume I: The Origins of Empire Virginia Dejohn Anderson, New England's Generation: The Great Migration and the Formation of Society and Culture in the Seventeenth Century Richard Middleton, Colonial America Lipman, Andrew, 'Murder on the Saltwater Frontier', Early American Studies Winthrop, John, A History of New England Karr, Ronald Dale, "Why should you be so furious?": The Violence of the Pequot War', Journal of American History Katz, Steven T., 'The Pequot War Reconsidered', The New England Quarterly Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In the aftermath of Stone's murder, another Englishman faces a grisly fate at the hands of Narragansett allies. Massachusetts demands justice... from the Pequots?Vote in the British Podcast Awards: https://www.britishpodcastawards.com/voteCheck out Black Wallstreet, 1921: https://www.blackwallstreet-1921.com/Check out the podcast website: https://www.paxbritannica.infoFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/PodBritannica/Twitter: https://twitter.com/BritannicaPaxFor this episode, I found the following publications particularly useful: Virginia Dejohn Anderson, 'New England in the Seventeenth Century', in The Oxford History of the British Empire: Volume I: The Origins of Empire Virginia Dejohn Anderson, New England's Generation: The Great Migration and the Formation of Society and Culture in the Seventeenth Century Richard Middleton, Colonial America Lipman, Andrew, 'Murder on the Saltwater Frontier', Early American Studies Winthrop, John, A History of New England Karr, Ronald Dale, "Why should you be so furious?": The Violence of the Pequot War', Journal of American History Katz, Steven T., 'The Pequot War Reconsidered', The New England Quarterly Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Communities from Massachusetts Bay establish the first settlements of the colony of Connecticut, and a drunken pirate goes too far.Check out the podcast website: https://www.paxbritannica.infoFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/PodBritannica/Twitter: https://twitter.com/BritannicaPaxFor this episode, I found the following publications particularly useful: Virginia Dejohn Anderson, 'New England in the Seventeenth Century', in The Oxford History of the British Empire: Volume I: The Origins of Empire Virginia Dejohn Anderson, New England's Generation: The Great Migration and the Formation of Society and Culture in the Seventeenth Century Richard Middleton, Colonial America Lipman, Andrew, 'Murder on the Saltwater Frontier', Early American Studies Winthrop, John, A History of New England Karr, Ronald Dale, "Why should you be so furious?": The Violence of the Pequot War', Journal of American History Katz, Steven T., 'The Pequot War Reconsidered', The New England Quarterly Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices