Counter-Errorism in Diving: Applying Human Factors to Diving

In this podcast episode, we explore the concept of tribalism and discrimination within the diving community, stemming from cultural, historical, and social factors. Discrimination based on race, gender, age, or social background hampers the development of diving students, leading to lowered motivation, unrealistic expectations, and reduced quality of training. We dissect the distinction between normalization of deviance and constructive deviation, emphasizing the importance of creating a just and tolerant society. Unconscious biases among instructors and leaders can perpetuate stereotypes and hinder the inclusivity of diving environments. Overcoming discrimination requires self-awareness, adaptability, and a commitment to equality. By fostering psychological safety and open communication, we can strive towards a more inclusive and accepting diving community.   Original blog: https://www.thehumandiver.com/blog/facing-one-s-own-shadow-discrimination-in-diving-limits-learning-impacts-safety-and-perpetuates-stereotypes Tags:  English, Andrzej Górnicki, Just Culture, Leadership, Psychological Safety

In this podcast episode, we delve into the distinction between normalization of deviance and constructive deviation/advancement within the diving community. Normalization of deviance, as coined by Diane Vaughen, describes the gradual acceptance of unsafe practices as the norm, whereas constructive deviation involves a deliberate, open exploration of new methods to enhance safety and efficiency. Through examples such as the evolution of nitrox usage and the risks associated with solo diving, we explore how attitudes toward failure shape these approaches. Standard procedures typically incorporate fail-safes to prevent errors, while constructive deviation involves consciously researching and adopting alternative practices. Join us as we dissect these concepts and their implications for diver safety and training.   Original blog: https://www.thehumandiver.com/blog/drift-vs-advancement-how-do-we-push-limits-safely Links: The Nitrox controversy: https://dtmag.com/25th-anniversary-vintage-articles/breathe-not-breathe-exploring-nitrox-controversy/ Attitudes towards failure: https://www.corporate-rebels.com/blog/right-kind-of-wrong-intelligent-failure Tags:  English, Decision Making, Jenny Lord, Normalisation of Deviance

In this podcast episode, we explore the concept of sunk cost fallacy in training courses, challenging the traditional mindset of focusing solely on certification or titles. Drawing from personal experiences in teaching outdoor sports like white water kayaking, the discussion emphasizes the value of adopting a mindset centered on skill improvement rather than certification attainment. By sharing anecdotes from kayaking clubs and professional diving, we encourage listeners to reframe their approach to training, viewing it as an opportunity for skill enhancement and personal growth rather than a mere pursuit of certifications. The episode proposes a shift towards embracing the journey itself, advocating for a mindset where learning and skill development are prioritized over hierarchical certifications.   Original blog: https://www.thehumandiver.com/blog/changing-the-way-we-think-about-training Links: First blog about Sunk Cost Fallacy: https://www.thehumandiver.com/blog/sunk-costs Further reading: https://www.thehumandiver.com/blog/the-choices-guaranteed-small-loss-or-a-probable-large-loss-injury-or-fatality Tags:  English, Cognitive Biases, Jenny Lord, Training

In this episode, we delve into the Betari Box model, exploring how our attitudes and behaviors are influenced by others and can create a negative spiral, particularly in diving scenarios. Through real-life examples, we illustrate the impact of negative attitudes on dive outcomes, highlighting situations where frustration, stress, and complacency lead to undesirable outcomes. We discuss strategies for breaking out of negative cycles, including internal reflection, external communication using tools like HALT (Hungry, Angry, Lonely, Tired), and fostering mutual accountability within teams. By consciously choosing a positive attitude and behavior, divers can positively influence their own experiences and those of others, emphasizing the role of dive leaders and instructors in setting a constructive tone. Join us as we explore ways to navigate interpersonal dynamics and foster a culture of safety and respect in diving environments. Original blog: https://www.thehumandiver.com/blog/my-attitude-impacts-your-behaviour Tags: English, Communication, Leadership, Mike Mason, Teamwork

In this episode, we explore strategies for individuals to navigate authority gradients and foster open communication within teams, focusing on the PACE model for graded assertiveness communication. Drawing parallels from medical and diving contexts, we highlight the importance of gentle escalation when addressing concerns with higher-ranking individuals. Through probing, alerting, challenging, and, if necessary, declaring emergencies, team members can effectively communicate issues while maintaining respect and professionalism. We discuss real-life scenarios and acknowledge cultural biases that may hinder effective communication, emphasizing the need for awareness and proactive efforts to mitigate these challenges. While there's no quick fix, fostering psychological safety and utilizing communication tools like PACE can facilitate constructive dialogue and enhance team dynamics. Join the conversation in our Facebook group to share your insights and experiences on this topic. Original blog: https://www.thehumandiver.com/blog/navigating-the-authority-gradient-pt2 Links: Part One: https://www.thehumandiver.com/blog/navigating-the-authority-gradient Facebook group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/184882365201810 Tags:  English, Authority Gradient, Jenny Lord, Psychological Safety

In this episode, we delve into the complexities of authority gradient, illustrated by a personal anecdote highlighting the challenges of challenging authority in diving contexts. Despite efforts to foster psychological safety, the innate hierarchical structure often inhibits individuals from voicing concerns. We explore strategies to mitigate this gradient, emphasizing the importance of building psychological safety through genuine acceptance of mistakes and open communication. Additionally, we discuss practical approaches such as leaders actively engaging in tasks alongside their team and promoting continuous skill development to empower individuals to question norms. While these methods may not be foolproof, they offer avenues to cultivate a culture of mutual respect and accountability within dive teams. For further insights, we recommend exploring the provided series of articles on building psychological safety in teams. Original blog: https://www.thehumandiver.com/blog/navigating-the-authority-gradient Links: DEBrIEF model: https://www.thehumandiver.com/blog/debriefing How to build psychological safety in a team: https://www.thehumandiver.com/blog/team-building-psych-safety-1 https://www.thehumandiver.com/blog/team-building-psych-safety-2 https://www.thehumandiver.com/blog/team-building-psych-safety-3 https://www.thehumandiver.com/blog/team-building-psych-safety-4 Tags: English, Authority Gradient, Jenny Lord, Psychological Safety

In this episode, we explore the cognitive effects of cold water on divers, balancing our understanding of temperature's impact with last week's discussion on heat. While physiological effects of cold water, like decompression sickness, are well-documented, the cognitive implications are less known but equally important, particularly for divers in cold conditions. Studies reveal that besides feeling colder with repeat dives, divers experience symptoms like de-personalization, reduced concentration, and memory lapses, impacting their ability to execute essential tasks underwater. Despite potential improvements with acclimatization, divers must consider these cognitive effects, especially during task-loaded dives or repetitive immersions. Mitigation strategies include wearing appropriate insulation, limiting dive times, and actively warming up between dives, emphasizing the importance of planning and preparation for cold-water diving excursions.   Original blog: https://www.thehumandiver.com/blog/brrrr-cold-water-and-the-effects-on-our-brain Links: 1968 study: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/001872086801000501 2019 study: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006899319302331?via%3Dihub Tags:  English, Decision Making, Fatigue, Jenny Lord, Performance Shaping Factors, Situation Awareness

In this podcast episode, we explore the often-overlooked impact of weather, particularly heat, on divers' cognitive and physical abilities. Despite the common perception that warm temperatures are ideal for vacations, studies reveal significant cognitive impairment in individuals exposed to heat, especially without air conditioning. From decreased reaction times to impaired decision-making and mental flexibility, the effects of heat on divers, particularly those new to hot climates, pose considerable risks. Additionally, physical conditions like dehydration, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke can be life-threatening if not addressed promptly, underscoring the importance of staying hydrated and seeking shade. With many divers visiting hot destinations for short holidays, acclimatization becomes crucial for safe diving, highlighting the need for a balanced approach to temperature regulation and self-care to mitigate the cumulative effects of heat on diving performance. Original blog: https://www.thehumandiver.com/blog/hot-hot-hot-challenges-of-diving-in-the-heat Links: Harvard study: https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1002605 Study by Cheema and Patrick: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1509/jmr.08.0205 Tags:  English, Decision Making, Jenny Lord, Performance Shaping Factors

In this podcast episode, we delve into the contentious debates within the diving community, focusing on the half turn back of tank valves as a prime example. Exploring a recent Facebook group discussion with diverse opinions, ranging from staunch supporters to strong opponents, the episode delves into the broader issue of anchoring bias in scuba diving practices. Drawing parallels with anchoring bias in various domains, from shopping decisions to legal judgments, the episode emphasizes the impact of initial teachings on long-term practices. Anchoring bias, deeply rooted in psychology, influences how divers learn and instruct others, creating a tradition that may persist even when no longer necessary. The podcast encourages listeners to question established practices, employing the "consider-the-opposite" technique to overcome anchoring bias and think logically about alternative approaches. The episode extends this mindset to examining incidents and accidents, advocating for understanding the context and reasons behind actions rather than focusing solely on mistakes. Ultimately, the episode urges divers to embrace exploration of new ideas, challenging traditional practices to foster continuous learning and improvement. Original blog: https://www.thehumandiver.com/blog/change-is-difficult-consider-the-opposite Tags: English, Cognitive Biases, Incident Analysis, Jenny Lord

In this podcast episode, we delve into the crucial role of mistakes in the learning process, drawing parallels between human learning and artificial intelligence. Reflecting on the challenges of learning to dive, the narrative emphasizes the importance of trial and error, highlighting that making mistakes is an inherent part of improvement. The episode introduces the concept of debriefs as a powerful tool for learning, not just to identify mistakes but also to recognize what went well. A practical model, DEBrIEF, is discussed, emphasizing the significance of balanced feedback that includes both positive and negative aspects. The podcast encourages a learning mindset when approaching accidents and incidents, shifting the focus from assigning blame to preventing future occurrences. The episode underscores the value of a structured approach to debriefs, providing references to support the discussion. Overall, the episode encourages listeners to embrace mistakes as opportunities for growth and underscores the importance of fostering a learning-oriented mindset in both individual and team contexts. Original blog: https://www.thehumandiver.com/blog/the-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly   Links: Robots learning to play football: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tZjQwZNw2po “Ugly”- Two other relevant blogs: https://www.thehumandiver.com/blog/counter-factuals https://www.thehumandiver.com/blog/its-obvious-why-it-happened The positivity effect: a negativity bias in youth fades with age. Laura L Carstensen and Marguerite DeLiema: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6186441/   Tags: English, Debrief, Incident Analysis, Jenny Lord