On 2 April 1982, ARGENTINA invaded and occupied the FALKLAND ISLANDS, a British Overseas Territory in the South Atlantic. So began the FALKLANDS WAR, which ended just over 10 weeks later, on 14 June 1982, when Argentinian forces surrendered to British troops at Stanley, the capital of the Falkland Islands. 1/7 DUKE OF EDINBURGH'S OWN GURKHA RIFLES, under BRIGADIER (then LIEUTENANT COLONEL) DAVID MORGAN, took part in the FALKLANDS CONFLICT. For the past 40 years, most of the accounts of the Gurkhas' role in that conflict have been in English. In GURKHA VOICES FROM THE FALKLANDS, we hear from Gurkha veterans in their own language, Nepali. In this podcast, we hear from LANCE CORPORAL TANKA PRASAD LIMBU, who was a rifleman in D Company in 1982. MUSIC & LYRICS | 'It's better to die than to be a coward' - composed & performed by Khagendra Limbu, ex Sgt, 7th Duke of Edinburgh's Own Gurkha Rifles. PRODUCTION | ChromeRadio for the Gurkha Museum | Series consultants - Brigadier David Morgan, Major Padam Angbuhang Limbu MVO & Major Dil Kumar Rai | Producer - Catriona Oliphant | Post-production - Catriona Oliphant & Chris Sharp. GURKHA VOICES FROM THE FALKLANDS is part of the GURKHA MUSEUM's (https://thegurkhamuseum.co.uk/) GHARMA SUNNU series of online content, bringing you tales of bravery, service and commitment from over 200 years of Gurkha service to Britain. If you would like to help the GURKHA MUSEUM continue celebrating Gurkha heritage, please subscribe and consider making a donation via the Museum's website at https://thegurkhamuseum.co.uk/.

Welcome to AFGHAN DISPATCHES 07 with DIVA PATANG (https://twitter.com/DivaPatang?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor) and ChromeRadio's CATRIONA OLIPHANT (https://chromemedia.co.uk/). On 22 June 2022, eastern Afghanistan was hit by the deadliest earthquake in two decades. Already in the grips of a deepening humanitarian crisis, the country is now struggling – with the help of international agencies - to provide disaster relief to the region. But the Afghan economy is verging on collapse as a result of sanctions and the freezing of the country’s overseas assets following the Taliban takeover last August. Compounding this is the Taliban’s gradual exclusion of women from the country’s workforce: women represent nearly 50% of the country’s population and before the Taliban takeover last August made a significant contribution to its economy. In this podcast, we explore the impact of the Taliban’s restrictions on women for the country’s economy and for society more generally. We begin with the importance of education for women. When Diva and I last spoke, it was shortly after the Taliban had suddenly reversed its decision to reopen girls’ secondary schools and those schools remain closed today. Diva had planned to sponsor girls in the area where her family are from with the essentials for going to school. I began by asking her how the Taliban’s decision not to reopen girls’ secondary schools had affected her plans. MUSIC | National Anthem of Afghanistan (http://www.navyband.navy.mil/national_anthems.html) PRODUCTION | Producer/Presenter - Catriona Oliphant for ChromeRadio | Post-production - Catriona Oliphant & Chris Sharp.

Welcome to #STANDINGwithUKRAINE, a new podcast series from CHROMERADIO, with me Catriona Oliphant. Today, we are in BERLIN. On 24 February 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine. By the time I arrived in Berlin in late March, waves of refugees from Ukraine had been flooding into the city for some time. They found a warm welcome. Berliners had mobilised themselves to stand firmly with Ukraine. The blue and yellow of the Ukrainian flag was everywhere – flying from buildings in the glorious sunshine beneath the blue Berlin sky, on hoardings, and in shop windows. Berlin’s Central Station – the Hauptbahnhof – is at the heart of the city’s refugee welcome effort. I spoke to a couple of those involved in supporting the exhausted, disoriented refugees who arrive daily from Central and Eastern Europe. CONTRIBUTORS | Inna & Emanuel, Berlin Arrival Support (Instagram: berlinarrivalsupport - Twitter: @BerlinArrivalS) MUSIC | State Anthem of Ukraine by kind permission of Jonathan Slatter, Sounds Visual Music Ltd (https://www.soundsvisual.com/) PRODUCTION | Producer/Presenter - Catriona Oliphant for ChromeRadio | Post-production - Catriona Oliphant & Chris Sharp.

Welcome to AFGHAN DISPATCHES 06 with DIVA PATANG (twitter.com/DivaPatang?ref_src=…mp^serp|twgr^author) and ChromeRadio's CATRIONA OLIPHANT (https://chromemedia.co.uk/). Last week in Afghanistan, girls of secondary school age were getting ready to return to the classroom for the first time since the Taliban took over last August. But within hours of arriving at school, they were told to go back home. The Taliban had abruptly changed its mind – at least for now. It’s not yet clear why. Officially, the Taliban has said that a decision still needs to be made on the appropriate uniform for female students. But there is also a shortage of teachers – and with segregated classes, schools will need more teachers than before the Taliban takeover. We will discuss this backtracking by the Taliban in our next podcast, but when I last spoke to Diva, secondary schools for girls were still due to open and she was hopeful that the Taliban understood the importance of education – for girls as well as boys - for Afghanistan’s future. One of the reasons for her optimism was a photograph that had been doing the rounds on social media. MUSIC | National Anthem of Afghanistan (http://www.navyband.navy.mil/national_anthems.html) PRODUCTION | Producer/Presenter - Catriona Oliphant for ChromeRadio | Post-production - Catriona Oliphant & Chris Sharp.

Welcome to AFGHAN DISPATCHES 05 with Professor Sir HEW STRACHAN, School of International Relations, UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREWS (https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/international-relations/people/shfas) and ChromeRadio's CATRIONA OLIPHANT (https://chromemedia.co.uk/). In this episode, HEW STRACHAN reflects on the fall of Afghanistan to the Taliban in August 2021, why the West should have seen it coming, and the implications of the US withdrawal from Afghanistan for NATO’s European allies. US foreign policy is now focused mainly on China and the threat in the Asia Pacific. European allies of NATO will need to decide where their own interests lie. A decision which the simmering stand-off with Russia on Ukraine’s borders has brought into sharp focus. MUSIC | National Anthem of Afghanistan (www.navyband.navy.mil/national_anthems.html) PRODUCTION | Producer/Presenter - Catriona Oliphant for ChromeRadio | Post-production - Catriona Oliphant & Chris Sharp.

For London-born AUSCHWITZ survivor LEON GREENMAN it was after the HOLOCAUST that he said his nightmare really began. Every day was an agonising struggle for survival. To mark HOLOCAUST MEMORIAL DAY 2022, the UCL CENTRE FOR HOLOCAUST EDUCATION, has created a podcast reflecting on Leon’s life and work, and the daily trauma of his survival. Leon passed away in 2008 at the grand age of 97. RUTH-ANNE LENGA, Associate Professor (Teaching) and Programme Director, UCL CENTRE FOR HOLOCAUST EDUCATION, was privileged to be with him at that moment. Ruth-Anne’s long friendship with Leon gave her – and in turn the Centre – a rare insight into how he lived with the trauma of the past and what drove him to become a force for good despite the suffering he had endured. Leon’s mission was to bear witness so that atrocities, such as the Holocaust, would never happen again. He spoke to thousands and thousands of people, especially young people, over his lifetime, and his testimony and humour shaped many of their lives. He also spoke to many teachers-in-training at the INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION (IOE) - UCL'S FACULTY OF EDUCATION AND SOCIETY, and the experience left a lasting impression that has stayed with them through their careers. PRESENTER | Ruth-Anne Lenga, Associate Professor (Teaching) & Programme Director, UCL Centre for Holocaust Education. ARCHIVE AUDIO | Testimony of Leon Greenman, licensed courtesy of USC Shoah Foundation. CONTRIBUTORS | Vicky O'Kelly, Head of RE & PSHE, Verulam School | Jack Scholes, Lytham St Anne's High School. MUSIC | "With A Song In My Heart", Rodgers/Hart, licensed courtesy of Warner Chappell/Concord & performed by Leon Greenman | Franz Lehár "Das Land des Lachelns (The Land of Smiles), Act II: Dein ist mein ganzes Herz!" Performed by Richard Tauber (tenor), Berlin Staatskapelle & Franz Lehár, (conductor), licensed courtesy of Jube Classic. COVER IMAGE | Photograph of Leon Greenman © Joel Redman. PRODUCTION | ChromeRadio (http://www.chromemedia.co.uk/) for UCL Centre for Holocaust Education (https://holocausteducation.org.uk/) | Producer - Catriona Oliphant | Assistant Producer - Corey Soper, Lecturer, UCL Centre for Holocaust Education | Post-production - Catriona Oliphant & Chris Sharp.

PROFESSOR LI WEI, Director & Dean, IOE - UCL's Faculty of Education & Society, introduces a podcast celebrating the life and legacy of London-born AUSCHWITZ survivor LEON GREENMAN, created by the UCL CENTRE FOR HOLOCAUST EDUCATION to mark HOLOCAUST MEMORIAL DAY 2022. MUSIC | "With A Song In My Heart", Rodgers/Hart, licensed courtesy of Warner Chappell/Concord & performed by Leon Greenman. COVER IMAGE | Photograph of Leon Greenman © Joel Redman. PRODUCTION | ChromeRadio (https://chromemedia.co.uk/) for the UCL Centre for Holocaust Education (https://holocausteducation.org.uk/) | Producer - Catriona Oliphant | Assistant Producer - Corey Soper, Lecturer, Centre for Holocaust Education | Post-production - Catriona Oliphant & Chris Sharp.

Welcome to AFGHAN DISPATCHES 04 with DIVA PATANG (twitter.com/DivaPatang?ref_src=…mp^serp|twgr^author) and ChromeRadio's CATRIONA OLIPHANT (https://chromemedia.co.uk/). It is now four months since Kabul fell to the Taliban. The fighting and the suicide bombings have diminished. But hunger now stalks the country. With jobs disappearing and salaries going unpaid, Afghans are struggling to feed their families. MUSIC | National Anthem of Afghanistan (http://www.navyband.navy.mil/national_anthems.html) PRODUCTION | Producer/Presenter - Catriona Oliphant for ChromeRadio | Post-production - Catriona Oliphant & Chris Sharp.

Welcome to AFGHAN DISPATCHES 03 with DIVA PATANG (twitter.com/DivaPatang?ref_src=…mp^serp|twgr^author) and ChromeRadio's CATRIONA OLIPHANT (https://chromemedia.co.uk/). September 2021 marked the 20th anniversary of 9/11 when Al-Qaeda suicide bombers flew hijacked planes into the World Trade Center in New York. In response the Bush administration announced a War on Terror. This was to be the beginning of a 20-year engagement by the US and NATO in Afghanistan. In this episode, Diva recalls the 9/11 attacks and the impact of war on her own family. She wonders if today’s Taliban will be able to prove that they really have changed from the hardline Taliban of old. MUSIC | National Anthem of Afghanistan (http://www.navyband.navy.mil/national_anthems.html) PRODUCTION | Producer/Presenter - Catriona Oliphant for ChromeRadio | Post-production - Catriona Oliphant & Chris Sharp.

Welcome to AFGHAN DISPATCHES 02 with DIVA PATANG (https://twitter.com/DivaPatang?ref_src=twsrc^google|twcamp^serp|twgr^author) and ChromeRadio's CATRIONA OLIPHANT (https://chromemedia.co.uk/). We recorded the first podcast in this series shortly before the terror attack outside Kabul airport on 26 August 2021. In this episode, Diva recalls the day of that terror attack. She speaks about Afghans' fear of a new civil war and their desire for peace and unity. She also talks about blazing a trail as one of the first women to present cricket coverage for Radio Television Afghanistan (RTA) and enabling women to experience cricket live. MUSIC | National Anthem of Afghanistan (http://www.navyband.navy.mil/national_anthems.html) & RTA. PRODUCTION | Producer/Presenter - Catriona Oliphant for ChromeRadio | Post-production - Catriona Oliphant & Chris Sharp.