Critical Matters

Organ transplantation has proven to be life-saving for thousands of patients and a growing number of disease processes. However, the gap between available organs for transplant and patients on organ transplant waiting lists continues to grow. In this episode, we will discuss the ICU management of the organ donor. Our guest is Dr. George Williams. He is a Professor of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, and Vice Chair for Critical Care Medicine at the McGovern Medical School of the University of Texas in Houston. Dr. Williams is also Medical Co-Director of the Surgical Intensive Care Unit at Lyndon B. Johnson General Hospital, and Executive Medical Director, for the Donor Specialty Care Unit- Memorial Hermann Hospital TMC. He is an Immediate Past-President of the Texas Society of Anesthesiologists and currently serves as Chair, for the American Society of Anesthesiologists Committee on Critical Care Medicine. Additional Resources: Management of the Potential Organ Donor in the ICU. A clinical guideline published by the Society of Critical Care Medicine: https://www.sccm.org/Clinical-Resources/Guidelines/Guidelines/Management-of-the-Potential-Organ-Donor-in-the-ICU Website for the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS): https://unos.org/ Critical Matters podcast episode – Death By Neurological Criteria: https://soundphysicians.com/podcast-episode/?podcast_id=342&track_id=1304762116 The rise of organ donation after circulatory death: a narrative review. Gardiner D, et al. ANESTHESIA 2020: https://associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/anae.15100 Books Mentioned in this Episode: The Holy Bible, KJV: https://shorturl.at/wyLM4

In this episode of the podcast, we will discuss Hospital Sepsis Programs with the recently released CDC Hospital Sepsis Program Core Elements document as an anchor. Our guest is Dr. Hallie Prescott, an Associate Professor in Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine at the University of Michigan, and a staff physician at the Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Healthcare System. Dr. Prescott’s primary focus of research has been on sepsis care and outcomes. She serves as co-chair of the international Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines and as lead for the Michigan Hospital Medicine Safety Consortium’s Sepsis Initiative. Additional Resources: CDC Hospital Program Sepsis Program Core Elements: https://www.cdc.gov/sepsis/pdfs/sepsis-core-elements-H.pdf CDC Additional Sepsis Clinical Resources: https://www.cdc.gov/sepsis/core-elements/resources.html SCCM Surviving Sepsis Guidelines: https://journals.lww.com/ccmjournal/pages/articleviewer.aspx?year=2021&issue=11000&article=00021&type=Fulltext Characterising an implementation intervention in terms of behaviour change techniques and theory: the ‘Sepsis Six’ clinical care bundle. Steinmo S, et al. Implementation Science 2015: https://implementationscience.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13012-015-0300-7 Effect of a Multicomponent Sepsis Transition and Recovery Program on Mortality and Readmissions After Sepsis: The Improving Morbidity During Post-Acute Care Transitions for Sepsis Randomized Clinical Trial. Crit Care Medicine 2022: https://escholarship.org/content/qt4j222757/qt4j222757_noSplash_ad94a5b7db24a75b6176198a51129f5a.pdf Books mentioned in this episode: The Autumn Ghost: How the Battle Against a Polio Epidemic Revolutionized Modern Medical Care. By Hannah Wunsch: https://www.amazon.com/Autumn-Ghost-Against-Epidemic-Revolutionized/dp/1771649453/ref=sr_1_1?crid=K1OFKS5NTQM4&keywords=the+autumn+ghost+hannah+wunsch&qid=1694808152&sprefix=autumn+ghosts%2Caps%2C108&sr=8-1

In this episode, Dr. Zanotti discusses advances in the management of cardiogenic shock. His guest is Dr. Jacob Jentzer, a cardiac intensivist trained in both Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine who practices full-time in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN. As the Director of Cardiac Intensive Care Unit Research at Mayo Clinic, he is active in Intensive Care Unit patient outcomes research, with a particular focus on the outcomes of patients with cardiogenic shock and cardiac arrest. Additional Resources Concise Definitive Review: Advances in the Management of Cardiogenic Shock. Jentzer JC et al. Crit Care Medicine 2023: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37184336/ SCAI clinical expert consensus statement on the classification of cardiogenic shock. Baran DA, et al.: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31104355 SCAI stages of cardiogenic shock stratify mortality risk. Jentzer JC et al.: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=SCAI+stages+of+cardiogenic+shock+stratify+mortality+risk Advances in the Staging and Phenotyping of Cardiogenic Shock: Part 1. Jentzer JC, et al. JACC Advances 2022: https://www.jacc.org/doi/10.1016/j.jacadv.2022.100120 Machine Learning Approaches for Phenotyping in Cardiogenic Shock and Critical Illness: Part 2. Jentzer JC, et al. JACC Advances 2023: https://www.jacc.org/doi/10.1016/j.jacadv.2022.100126 Extracorporeal Life Support in Infarct-Related Cardiogenic Shock. ECLS-SHOCK Investigators. New Eng J of Med 2023: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37634145/ Book Recommendations: The Hobbit by JRR Tolkien: https://bit.ly/44S0tZD The Lord of the Rings Trilogy by JRR Tolkien: https://bit.ly/45Q9NP0 The House of God. By Samuel Shem: https://bit.ly/48gnusc

In this episode, Dr. Zanotti discusses the management of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) in the ICU. He is joined by Dr. Nanchal, a practicing critical care physician with an interest in liver disease. He is a Professor in the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, at the Medical College of Wisconsin, in Milwaukee. Dr. Nanchal is also the lead author of the Society of Critical Care Medicine’s Guideline for the Management of Adult Acute and Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure in the ICU. Additional Resources Executive Summary for Guideline for the Management of Adult Acute and Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure in the ICU: Neurology, Peri-transplant Medicine, Infectious Disease, and Gastroenterology Considerations: https://journals.lww.com/ccmjournal/pages/articleviewer.aspx?year=2023&issue=05000&article=00010&type=Fulltext Guideline for the Management of Adult Acute and Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure in the ICU: Neurology, Peri-transplant Medicine, Infectious Disease, and Gastroenterology Considerations: https://journals.lww.com/ccmjournal/pages/articleviewer.aspx?year=2023&issue=05000&article=00011&type=Fulltext Guideline for the Management of Adult Acute and Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure in the ICU: Cardiovascular, Endocrine, Hematologic, Pulmonary, and Renal Considerations: https://journals.lww.com/ccmjournal/Fulltext/2020/03000/Guidelines_for_the_Management_of_Adult_Acute_and.29.aspx Previous Episodes of Critical Matters on the Topic of Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure: https://soundphysicians.com/podcast-episode/?podcast_id=342&track_id=953807698 https://soundphysicians.com/podcast-episode/?podcast_id=342&track_id=965563996 Books Mentioned in this Episode: Noise: A Flaw in Human Judgement. By Daniel Kahneman, et al: https://bit.ly/3sqfRin Seven Brief Lessons on Physics. By Carlo Rovelli: https://bit.ly/45jv82N Anaximander: And the Birth of Science. By Carlo Rovelli: https://bit.ly/3sqgqbZ

In this episode of Critical Matters, Dr. Zanotti is joined by Dr. Nitin Puri. As a critical care physician, Dr. Puri is the Division Head for Critical Care Medicine, and Co-Director for the Center for Critical Care Medicine at Cooper University Health System. He is an Associate Professor of Medicine at Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, in Camden, New Jersey. Together, they discuss medical errors in healthcare. Additional Resources: “To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health System.” The landmark publication y the Institute of Medicine highlighting medical errors as a critical cause of deaths in the US healthcare system: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25077248 Medical error – the third leading cause of death in the US: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27143499 The Safety of Inpatient Health Care. New England Journal of Medicine 2023; https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMsa2206117 The Communication and Optimal Resolution (CANDOR) toolkit from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). CANDOR is a process that health care institutions and providers can use to respond in a timely, thorough and fair way when medical errors occur and cause patient’s harm: https://www.ahrq.gov/professionals/quality-patient-safety/patient-safety-resources/resources/candor/introduction.html A powerful video on to topic of disclosure of medical errors. Worth a view: https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=4&v=xeMWizTodYw Books Mentioned in this Episode: The Fearless Organization: Creating Psychological Safety in the Workplace for Learning, Innovation, and Growth. By Amy Edmondson: https://bit.ly/3OQe1zV Pachinko. By Min Lee Jee: https://bit.ly/3DNJegK

In this episode of the podcast, we will discuss oncologic emergencies. Dr. Zanotti is joined by Dr. R Scott Stephens, a pulmonary/critical care physician and associate professor of medicine and oncology at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. He is the Director of Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant Critical Care at Johns Hopkins Hospital and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center. A recognized clinician, educator, and researcher Dr. Stephens has expertise and interest in ARDS, ECMO, and oncologic critical care. Additional Resources: Oncologic Emergencies for the Intensivist – the Old, the New, and the Deadly. Thandra K, et al. J Intensive Care Med 2020: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6886674/ Oncologic Emergencies – Traditional and Contemporary. Spring J, and Munshi L. Crit Care Clin 2020: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33190777/ Critically Ill Patients with Cancer: A Clinical Perspective. Martos-Benitez F, et al. World J clin Onco 2020: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7643188/ Management of Febrile Neutropenia: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines. Annals of Oncology 2016: https://www.annalsofoncology.org/article/S0923-7534(19)31643-6/pdf Books Mentioned in this Episode: The Elements of Style. By William Strunk and EB White: https://amzn.to/3KddG7C The Structure of Scientific Revolutions: By William Kuhn: https://bit.ly/43HkS34 The Physicists: The History of a Scientific Community in Modern America. By Daniel Kevles: https://bit.ly/477Z8jO American Prometheus: The Triumph and Tragedy of j. Robert Oppenheimer. By Kai Bird and Martin Sherwin: https://bit.ly/479AEqn

In this episode, we will discuss the evaluation and initial management of acute disorders of consciousness in the ICU. Our guest is Dr. Cherylee Chang, a practicing neuro intensivist, a Professor of Neurology, and the Division Chief of Neurocritical Care, in the Department of Neurology, at Duke University, in Durham, North Carolina. Additional Resources State-of-the-Art Evaluation of Acute Adult Disorders of Consciousness for the General Intensivist. Chang C, et al. Critical Care Medicine 2023: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37070819/ Neurocritical Care Society Curing Coma Campaign. Provencio J, et al. Neurocrit Care 2020: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32578124/ NIH Stroke Scale: https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/public-education/know-stroke/health-professionals/nih-stroke-scale Updated nomenclature of delirium and acute encephalopathy: statement of ten Societies. Intensive Care Med 2020: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7210231/ Critical Matters podcast episode on CNS Infections: https://soundphysicians.com/podcast-episode/?podcast_id=342&track_id=1533382963 Books mentioned in this episode: Bed Number Ten. By Sue Baier and Mary Zimmeth Schomaker: amzn.to/3O8Fmgp The Diving Bell and the Butterfly. By Jean-Dominique Bauby: bit.ly/44Hxhon Clinical Neuroanatomy Made Ridiculously Simple. By Stephen Goldberg: https://amzn.to/3PUF7Xu

In this episode, we will discuss prone position ventilation in adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Despite clinical trials demonstrating a benefit on mortality, the adoption of prone position ventilation has been challenging. We will discuss the impact the COVID-19 pandemic had on the use of prone position ventilation and lessons learned that can help increase the proper use of this treatment modality moving forward. Our guest is Dr. Chad Hochberg, a member of the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, at John Hopkins University Medical School in Baltimore, Maryland. Additional Resources Factors Influencing the Implementation of Prone Positioning during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Hochberg C, et al. Ann Am Thorac Soc, 2023; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35947776/ Declining Use of Prone Positioning After High Initial Uptake in COVID-19 Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Hochberg C, et al. Crit Care Med 2023: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37294144/ ESICM Guidelines on ARDS 2023. Intensive Care Medicine 2023: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00134-023-07050-7 ATS/ESICM/SCCM Clinical Practice Guideline: Mechanical Ventilation in Adult Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/10.1164/rccm.201703-0548S Prone Position for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Munshi L, et al. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2017: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29068269/ Prone Positioning in Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Guerin C. Et al. PROSEVA Trial. New Eng J Med 2013: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa1214103 Books Mentioned in this Episodes The Omnivore’s Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals, By Michael Pollan: https://bit.ly/42FpndS

In this episode of Critical Matters, we discuss Central Nervous System (CNS) Infections. Our discussion focuses on the management of meningitis and encephalitis in the ICU. My guest is Dr. Catherine Albin, a neuro intensivist at the Emory Healthcare System in Atlanta, Georgia. Dr. Albin holds a faculty position as Assistant Professor of Neurology and Neurosurgery, in the Division of Neurocritical Care of Emory University School of Medicine. Additional Resources Infectious Meningitis and Encephalitis. R Bystritsky and F Chow: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34798976/ Critical care management of meningitis and encephalitis: an update. M Thy, et al.: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35975963/ Infectious Disease Society of America’s Clinical Practice Guidelines for Healthcare-Associated Ventriculitis and Meningitis: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28203777/ Books Mentioned in this Episode The Acute Neurology Survival Guide. By Catherine Albin and Sahar Zafar :bit.ly/45Ttfuo Why We Sleep: Unlocking the Power of Sleep and Dreams. By Matt Walker: https://bit.ly/3MNoWs0

There is increased recognition of the right ventricle's pivotal role in health and disease. In this episode, we will discuss Right Ventricular Failure in the context of critical illness. Our guest is Dr. Ryan Tedford, a practicing cardiologist focusing on heart failure. Dr. Tedford is the Dr. Peter C. Gaze Endowed Chair in Heart Failure. He is a Professor of Medicine and Cardiology, Section Chief for Heart Failure, Medical Director of Cardiac Transplantation, and Director of the Advanced Heart Failure & Transplant Fellowship Training Program at the Medical University of South Carolina. Additional Resources Right Ventricular Failure. Houston B, Britain EL, and Tedford R. N Engl J of Med 2023: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36947468/ Diuretic versus placebo in intermediate-risk acute pulmonary embolism: a randomized clinical trial. Lim P, et al. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 2022: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34632490/ Multimodality Imaging of Right Heart Function. Hahn R, et al. JACC 2023: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37164529/ Ventricular dilation is associated with improved cardiovascular performance and survival in sepsis. Zanotti, s et al. CHEST 2010: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651022/ Link to recent podcast on Acute Pulmonary Embolism: https://soundphysicians.com/podcast-episode/?podcast_id=342&track_id=1463000353 Books Mentioned in this Episode: The Right Ventricle in Health and Disease. N Voelkel and D Schranz, Editors: https://bit.ly/436iROd The Code Breaker: Jennifer Doudna, Gene Editing, and the Future of the Human Race. By W Isaacson: https://bit.ly/3IDUL5a