UCLA Housing Voice

Subsidized affordable housing development reduces costs for lower-income households directly. It also reduces costs indirectly, by increasing the overall supply of housing — or does it? Michael Eriksen joins to discuss the issue of “crowd out” in affordable housing production.Show notes:Eriksen, M. D., & Rosenthal, S. S. (2010). Crowd out effects of place-based subsidized rental housing: New evidence from the LIHTC program. Journal of Public Economics, 94(11-12), 953-966.Cummings, J. L., & DiPasquale, D. (1999). The Low‐Income Housing Tax Credit: An analysis of the first ten years. Housing Policy Debate, 10(2), 251-307.Click here for Pathways Home, our eight-part series on homelessness.Baum-Snow, N., & Marion, J. (2009). The effects of low income housing tax credit developments on neighborhoods. Journal of Public Economics, 93(5-6), 654-666.Diamond, R., & McQuade, T. (2019). Who wants affordable housing in their backyard? An equilibrium analysis of low-income property development. Journal of Political Economy, 127(3), 1063-1117.

In this final installment of the Pathways Home series on homelessness policy and research, we discuss lessons and key takeaways from the previous seven episodes with our UCLA colleague, Janey Rountree.Show notes:Click here to find all eight episodes of the Pathways Home limited series on homelessness.Blackwell, B., & Santillano, R. (2023). Do Time-Limited Subsidy Programs Reduce Homelessness for Single Adults? California Policy Lab.

Since 2009, homelessness among U.S. veterans has fallen by more than half. Among the overall population, it hasn’t budged. Monica Diaz and Shawn Liu of the Department of Veterans Affairs share some of the story behind the VA's success.Show notes:Read more about the VA Homeless Programs Office at their website.Khadduri, J., de Sousa, T., Andrichik, A., Prestera, E., Rush, K., Tano, C., and Wheeler, M. (2023). The 2023 Annual Homelessness Assessment Report (AHAR) to Congress. Part 1: Point-In-Time Estimates of Homelessness. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Planning and Research.Colburn, G., & Aldern, C. P. (2022). Homelessness is a Housing Problem: How structural factors explain US patterns. University of California Press.O’Toole, T., & Kane, V. (2014). Return on Investment Analysis and Modeling (white paper). VA National Center on Homelessness Among Veterans, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs.O'Flaherty, B. (2019). Homelessness research: A guide for economists (and friends). Journal of Housing Economics, 44, 1-25.

The Housing First approach starts with providing homes to chronically unhoused people, but it doesn’t stop there — and that’s what makes it so effective. Tim Aubry shares findings from a major Housing First study and the keys to a successful program.Show notes:Goering, P., Veldhuizen, S., Watson, A., Adair, C., Kopp, B., Latimer, E., Nelson, G., MacNaughton, E., Streiner, D., Rabouin, D., Ly, A., Powell, G., & Aubry, T., (2014). National Final Report: Cross-Site At Home/Chez Soi Project. Mental Health Commission of Canada.UCLA Housing Voice episode 64, with Beth Shinn, talking about effective interventions to family homelessness and a brief mention of Housing First.Aubry, T., Bloch, G., Brcic, V., Saad, A., Magwood, O., Abdalla, T., ... & Pottie, K. (2020). Effectiveness of permanent supportive housing and income assistance interventions for homeless individuals in high-income countries: a systematic review. The Lancet Public Health, 5(6), e342-e360.

What happens when you provide unhoused people with a large sum of money? Jiaying Zhao shares the results of a study in Vancouver, BC, which include reduced shelter use, more spending on food and rent, and no increase in spending on “temptation goods” like drugs and alcohol.Show notes:Dwyer, R., Palepu, A., Williams, C., Daly-Grafstein, D., & Zhao, J. (2023). Unconditional cash transfers reduce homelessness. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 120(36), e2222103120.Mullainathan, S., & Shafir, E. (2013). Scarcity: Why Having Too Little Means So Much. Macmillan.Brisson, D., Calhoun, K. H., Coddington, L., Flaxman, Z. J., Johnsen, M., & Locke, S. (2023). Denver Basic Income Project Interim Report. Center for Housing and Homelessness Research, University of Denver Graduate School of Social Work.

“We have the resources, as a society, to prevent and end homelessness. And the knowledge.” Beth Shinn discusses the Family Options Study, which found that long-term housing subsidies, like housing vouchers, led to much better outcomes at similar cost compared to rapid rehousing, transitional housing, and “usual care.” Show notes:Gubits, D., Shinn, M., Wood, M., Bell, S., Dastrup, S., Solari, C., Brown, S., McInnis, D., McCall, T., & Kattel, U. (2016). Family options study: 3-year impacts of housing and services interventions for homeless families. Available at SSRN 3055295.Shinn, M., & Khadduri, J. (2020). In the midst of plenty: Homelessness and what to do about it. John Wiley & Sons.To learn more about housing choice vouchers: UCLA Housing Voice Podcast, Episode 17: Housing Vouchers with Rob Collinson.Aubry, T., Nelson, G., & Tsemberis, S. (2015). Housing first for people with severe mental illness who are homeless: a review of the research and findings from the at home—chez soi demonstration project. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 60(11), 467-474.Cunningham, M., Galvez, M., & Peiffer, E. (2018). Landlords limit voucher holders’ choice in where they can live. Urban Institute.Costs of homelessness in Santa Clara (not San Mateo) County: Flaming, D., Toros, H., & Burns, P. (2015). Home not found: The cost of homelessness in silicon valley. Economic Roundtable.National Alliance to End Homelessness. State of Homelessness: 2021 Edition.Learn more about research on the Moving to Opportunity experiment.

In Los Angeles County, unhoused people living in cars, trucks, and RVs outnumber those in tents and makeshift shelters by 50%, yet vehicular homelessness receives relatively little attention. Many cities don’t even measure or report on it — at least not yet. The Lewis Center’s Madeline Brozen joins to discuss her research on the distinct demographics and experiences of unhoused people living out of their vehicles, and the promise of safe parking programs to support the transition back into stable housing.Show notes:Giamarino, C., Brozen, M., & Blumenberg, E. (2023). Planning for and against vehicular homelessness: Spatial trends and determinants of vehicular dwelling in Los Angeles. Journal of the American Planning Association, 89(1), 80-92.Giamarino, C., Blumenberg, E., & Brozen, M. (2022). Who Lives in Vehicles and Why? Understanding Vehicular Homelessness in Los Angeles. Housing Policy Debate, 1-14.Episode 53 of UCLA Housing Voice, with Vinit Mukhija on informal housing.Read more about the 2023 National Point-In-Time Homeless Count, which showed a 12% increase from the previous year, to 653,000 people.Wakin, M. (2013). Otherwise Homeless: Vehicle living and the culture of homelessness. Lynne Rienner Publishers.Visit TheyCountWillYou.org to volunteer for the annual Point-In-Time Homeless Count in Los Angeles County on January 24-26, 2024. If you live in another part of the U.S., search online for a homeless count happening near you.Click here to learn more about the New Beginnings safe parking program in Santa Barbara.

Many people think they know about the lives of people experiencing homelessness, but those perceptions are often based on anecdote. Margot Kushel, MD joins us to talk about her work on the largest representative study of homelessness since the 1990s, and what it says about who experiences homelessness, why they become homeless, their experiences while living without housing, and barriers to re-entering stable housing.Show notes:Kushel, M., & Moore, T. (2023). Towards a New Understanding: The California Statewide Study of People Experiencing Homelessness. University of California, San Francisco Benioff Homelessness and Housing Initiative.Colburn, G. (2023). Episode 61: Homelessness is a Housing Problem with Gregg Colburn (Pathways Home pt. 1), Housing Voice Podcast, UCLA Lewis Center for Regional Policy Studies.Khadduri, J. & Shinn, M. (2020). In the Midst of Plenty: Homelessness and What to Do About It. Wiley-Blackwell.Hahn, J. A., Kushel, M. B., Bangsberg, D. R., Riley, E., & Moss, A. R. (2006). Brief report: The aging of the homeless population: Fourteen-year trends in San Francisco. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 21(7), 775–778. Schaeffer, K. (2022, March 23). Key facts about housing affordability in the U.S. Pew Research Center. Executive summary of the Statewide Study of People Experiencing Homelessness.More reading about Los Angeles’s efforts to accelerate housing placements for people experiencing homelessness.

Part one of Pathways Home, a six-part series on homelessness. Gregg Colburn, author of Homelessness is a Housing Problem, dispels myths about the causes of homelessness and identifies two key risk factors that explain why rates vary so much between cities: high rents and low vacancies.Show notes:Colburn, G., & Aldern, C. P. (2022). Homelessness is a Housing Problem: How structural factors explain US patterns. University of California Press.O’Flaherty, B. (2004). Wrong person and wrong place: For homelessness, the conjunction is what matters. Journal of Housing Economics, 13(1), 1-15.Glaeser, E. L., & Gyourko, J. (2005). Urban decline and durable housing. Journal of political economy, 113(2), 345-375.Kushel, M., & Moore, T. (2023). Towards a New Understanding: The California Statewide Study of People Experiencing Homelessness. University of California, San Francisco Benioff Homelessness and Housing Initiative.George, H. (1879). Progress and Poverty. Published for the Henry George Foundation of Great Britain by the Hogarth Press. Shinn, M., & Khadduri, J. (2020). In the midst of plenty: Homelessness and what to do about it. Wiley Blackwell. UCLA Housing Voice Episode 21: What to Do About Homelessness with Beth Shinn.

The federal government passed the Fair Housing Act more than 50 years ago. In that time considerable progress has been made at reducing discrimination in the housing market, but the law’s mandate to “affirmatively further fair housing” and reverse patterns of segregation has been only lightly enforced. Katherine O’Regan of NYU, and formerly of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development, joins Mike and Shane to talk about the legacy of the Fair Housing Act, the changing nature of neighborhood segregation and opportunity in America, and recent efforts to proactively foster inclusive communities using fair housing laws.Show notes:O’Regan, K. (2018). The Fair Housing Act Today: Current Context and Challenges at 50. Housing Policy Debate.O’Regan, K., & Zimmerman, K. (2019). The Potential of the Fair Housing Act's Affirmative Mandate and HUD's AFFH Rule. Cityscape, 21(1), 87-98.Kerner Commission Report, including a summary by UC Berkeley's Othering and Belonging Institute.