Universe Today Podcast

One of the great accomplishments of the Apollo missions was to bring home hundreds of kilograms of lunar rock. Suddenly, geologists had a lifetime’s worth of lunar samples captured from several different spots across the Moon. These rocks and dust have been under continuous analysis since the Apollo 11 astronauts came home over 50 years ago.And they’re still making discoveries.Scientists have samples of the Sun’s solar wind, particles from a comet’s tail, a few grams from an asteroid, with more coming shortly.But there’s one world, the focus of so much scientific study, which has never had a sample returned: Mars. NASA and the European Space Agency have been making plans to bring a sample home from Mars for decades, and now, missions could fly in the next few years, finally bringing a chunk of the Red Planet home to Earth for us to study directly.Our Book is out!https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/Audio Podcast version:ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audioWhat Fraser's Watching Playlist:https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1GWeekly email newsletter:https://www.universetoday.com/newsletterWeekly Space Hangout:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg/Astronomy Cast:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHI67dh9jEO2rvK--MdCSgSupport us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetodayMore stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/Twitch: https://twitch.tv/fcainFollow us on Twitter: @universetodayLike us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetodayInstagram - https://instagram.com/universetodayTeam: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.comKarla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fwChad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.comReferences:https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/cassini/mission/quick-facts/#targetText=MISSION&targetText=Total%20distance%20traveled%3A%20At%20Cassini's,trajectory%20from%20Earth%20to%20Saturn.https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/luna-16/in-depth/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/genesis/https://stardust.jpl.nasa.gov/home/index.htmlhttps://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/hayabusa/in-depth/https://mepag.jpl.nasa.gov/reports/E2E-iSAG_FINAL_REPORT.pdfhttps://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/metsoc2001/pdf/5452.pdfhttps://sites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/ssbsite/documents/webpage/ssb_059308.pdfhttps://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Exploration/ExoMars/Europe_to_Mars_and_backhttps://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Exploration/ExoMars/Europe_to_Mars_and_backhttps://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/ninthmars2019/pdf/6369.pdfhttps://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Exploration/ExoMars/Europe_to_Mars_and_backSupport Universe Today Podcast

As I’ve mentioned in several episodes now, humanity is in a bit of a transition period, a time when it makes sense to launch material up and out of Earth’s gravity well into orbit, and beyond. But it’s really expensive, costing up to $10,000 per pound you want in orbit, and 10 times if you want it on the Moon. But over the coming decades, more and more of our space-based infrastructure will be built in space, manufactured out of materials that were mined in space.The only thing that’ll actually need to leave the Earth’s clingy gravity well will be us, the humans, the tourists, wanting to visit all that space infrastructure. Of course, in order to achieve that space future, engineers and mission planners will need to design and construct the technology that will make this possible. That means testing out new prototypes, technologies and methodologies for mining and space-based manufacturing.Our Book is out!https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/Audio Podcast version:ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audioWhat Fraser's Watching Playlist:https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1GWeekly email newsletter:https://www.universetoday.com/newsletterWeekly Space Hangout:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg/Astronomy Cast:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHI67dh9jEO2rvK--MdCSgSupport us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetodayMore stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/Twitch: https://twitch.tv/fcainFollow us on Twitter: @universetodayLike us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetodayInstagram - https://instagram.com/universetodayTeam: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.comKarla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fwChad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.comReferences:https://arstechnica.com/science/2019/07/nasas-technology-program-funds-ambitious-in-space-manufacturing-mission/https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-funds-demo-of-3d-printed-spacecraft-parts-made-assembled-in-orbithttps://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=4818https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-announces-new-partnerships-to-develop-space-exploration-technologieshttps://madeinspace.us/press-releases/made-in-space-inc-completes-successful-ground-based-manufacturing-assembly-testing-for-archinaut-program/https://www.space.com/40516-made-in-space-vulcan-nasa-contract.htmlhttps://madeinspace.us/capabilities-and-technology/vulcan/https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/upward3_3_book_v4_web.pdfhttps://madeinspace.us/capabilities-and-technology/plastic-recycler/Support Universe Today Podcast

In this week's questions show, I explain why all the planets astronomers have found are so bizarre. Couldn't we use laser highways to go faster? Is the lunar gateway really a lunar tollbooth?00:14 Why do planets orbit so quickly?02:33 What about laser highways?03:57 Is the Lunar Gateway a Lunar Tollbooth?07:15 How much artificial gravity is needed for human health?08:43 Will Titan turn into Earth as the Sun expands?10:14 Could Mars colonists work at night?11:41 How do we know the temperatures of exoplanets?13:00 Does the Moon affect satellite orbits?14:50 Where will we find life first?16:24 What's happening in real time?17:57 Could we predict when something will crash into Sgr A*Want to be part of the questions show? Ask a short question on any video on my channel. I gather a bunch up each week, and answer them here.Our Book is out!https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/Audio Podcast version:ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audioWhat Fraser's Watching Playlist:https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1GWeekly email newsletter:https://www.universetoday.com/newsletterWeekly Space Hangout:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg/Astronomy Cast:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHI67dh9jEO2rvK--MdCSgSupport us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetodayMore stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/Twitch: https://twitch.tv/fcainFollow us on Twitter: @universetodayLike us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetodayInstagram - https://instagram.com/universetodayTeam: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.comKarla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fwChad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.comSupport Universe Today Podcast

Mars is the place that most of our spacecraft, landers and rovers are studying, searching for any evidence that life ever existed somewhere else in the Solar System.But talk to planetary scientists, and they’re just as excited about the ocean worlds of the Solar System; the moons, asteroids, dwarf planets and Kuiper Belt objects where there could be vast oceans of liquid water under thick shells of ice. The perfect environment for life to thrive. We’ve only had tantalizing hints that these oceans are there, but NASA is building a spacecraft that will study one of these worlds in detail: the Europa Clipper. And they’re not the only ones. The European Space Agency is building their own mission, the Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer.Our Book is out!https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/Audio Podcast version:ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audioWhat Fraser's Watching Playlist:https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1GWeekly email newsletter:https://www.universetoday.com/newsletterWeekly Space Hangout:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg/Astronomy Cast:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHI67dh9jEO2rvK--MdCSgSupport us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetodayMore stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/Twitch: https://twitch.tv/fcainFollow us on Twitter: @universetodayLike us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetodayInstagram - https://instagram.com/universetodayTeam: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.comKarla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fwChad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.comReferences:https://europa.nasa.gov/about-europa/ocean/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/galileo/overview/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=6772https://europa.nasa.gov/about-clipper/instruments/https://spacenews.com/europa-or-enceladus-if-nasa-switches-from-sls-to-falcon-heavy-it-wont-have-to-choose/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7122https://docs.house.gov/meetings/AP/AP00/20190522/109552/HMKP-116-AP00-20190522-SD002.pdfhttps://www.sciencemag.org/news/2019/05/without-champion-europa-lander-falls-nasa-s-back-burnerhttps://www.theverge.com/2018/11/10/18075556/jupiter-moon-europa-lander-nasa-john-culberson-midterms-lifehttps://newatlas.com/europa-giant-ice-spikes/56704/http://sci.esa.int/juice/49837-juice-assessment-study-report-yellow-book/#http://sci.esa.int/juice/50068-science-objectives/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/moons/jupiter-moons/ganymede/in-depth/http://sci.esa.int/juice/61415-arianespace-and-esa-announce-jupiter-icy-moons-explorer-launch-contract/Support Universe Today Podcast

On Tuesday, July 30th, NASA announced 19 different partnerships with 13 different companies to use their expertise to help them develop space technologies, from advanced communications systems to new methods of entry, descent and landing.Instead of contracting out specific projects, NASA will make its employees, facilities, hardware and software available to these companies, for free.One of the most notable of these partnerships will be with SpaceX and NASA’s Glenn and Marshall Centers to help advance the technology of transferring propellant in orbit.In other words, NASA is going to help SpaceX figure out how to refuel a spacecraft while it’s in space. And if they can figure this out, it could completely change the way missions are launched and flown.Everyday Astronaut - Raptor Enginehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LbH1ZDImaI8Article from Ars Technica about the ACES Programhttps://arstechnica.com/science/2019/08/rocket-scientist-says-that-boeing-squelched-work-on-propellant-depots/Our Book is out!https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/Audio Podcast version:ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audioWhat Fraser's Watching Playlist:https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1GWeekly email newsletter:https://www.universetoday.com/newsletterWeekly Space Hangout:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg/Astronomy Cast:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHI67dh9jEO2rvK--MdCSgSupport us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetodayMore stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/Twitch: https://twitch.tv/fcainFollow us on Twitter: @universetodayLike us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetodayInstagram - https://instagram.com/universetodayTeam: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.comKarla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fwChad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.comReferences:https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-announces-us-industry-partnerships-to-advance-moon-mars-technologyhttps://www.spacex.com/marshttps://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20000121212.pdfhttps://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/elements/progress_about.htmlhttps://sspd.gsfc.nasa.gov/robotic_refueling_mission.htmlhttps://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/exploration/evolving-to-a-depot-based-space-transportation-architecture.pdfhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bu72H3jMpuYhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BbZKfno1KNchttps://arstechnica.com/science/2019/08/rocket-scientist-says-that-boeing-squelched-work-on-propellant-depots/Support Universe Today Podcast

In this week's questions show, I answer if techno optimism is blinding us to the challenges of spaceflight, why there aren't spacecraft at all the planets right now, could the Great Attractor be dark matter? And more...Links to various raw imagesCassini - https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/raw-images/raw-image-viewer/?order=earth_date+desc&per_page=50&page=0Curiosity - https://mars.nasa.gov/msl/multimedia/raw/#/?slide=2496Dawn - https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/dawn/galleries/images/?page=0&per_page=25&order=created_at+desc&search=&tags=dawn&condition_1=1%3Ais_in_resource_list&category=5100:33 Is techno-optimism blinding us to challenges of spaceflight04:17 Why aren't there spacecraft at all the planets right now?06:22 What if the Universe wraps?08:39 Could the Great Attractor be dark matter?10:21 What's the biggest telescope that could be built on the Moon?11:50 Open your mind to crop circles13:59 How do you steer a solar sail?16:25 Twin planets in L3 Lagrange Points?18:23 Shouldn't the frost line move outward?19:59 Can a red giant support life?22:07 What if astronauts get sick?24:07 How does the radial velocity method detect multiple planets?Want to be part of the questions show? Ask a short question on any video on my channel. I gather a bunch up each week, and answer them here.Our Book is out!https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/Audio Podcast version:ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audioWhat Fraser's Watching Playlist:https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1GWeekly email newsletter:https://www.universetoday.com/newsletterWeekly Space Hangout:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg/Astronomy Cast:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHI67dh9jEO2rvK--MdCSgSupport us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetodayMore stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/Twitch: https://twitch.tv/fcainFollow us on Twitter: @universetodayLike us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetodayInstagram - https://instagram.com/universetodayTeam: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.comKarla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fwChad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.comSupport Universe Today Podcast

It’s amazing to think there are telescopes up in space, right now, directing their gaze at distant objects for hours, days and even weeks. Providing a point of view so stable and accurate that we can learn details about galaxies, exoplanets and more.And then, when the time is up, the spacecraft can shift its gaze in another direction. All without the use of fuel.It’s all thanks to the technology of reaction wheels and gyroscopes. Let’s talk about how they work, how they’re different, and how their failure has ended missions in the past.06:49 Scientists May Have Figure Out Why So Many Spacecraft Were Failing - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KibT-PEMHUUOur Book is out!https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/Audio Podcast version:ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audioWhat Fraser's Watching Playlist:https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1GWeekly email newsletter:https://www.universetoday.com/newsletterWeekly Space Hangout:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg/Astronomy Cast:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHI67dh9jEO2rvK--MdCSgSupport us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetodayMore stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/Twitch: https://twitch.tv/fcainFollow us on Twitter: @universetodayLike us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetodayInstagram - https://instagram.com/universetodayTeam: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.comKarla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fwChad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.comReferences:https://www.nature.com/news/the-wheels-come-off-kepler-1.13032http://www.planetary.org/blogs/jason-davis/lightsail-2-successful-flight-by-light.htmlhttps://astrobites.org/2013/05/21/kepler-reaction-wheel-failure-cripples-spacecraft-but-mission-thrives/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/dawn/news/dawn20120418.htmlhttps://www.jpl.nasa.gov/blog/2016/1/dawns-sunny-side-views-of-dwarf-planet-ceres/#RWAshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KibT-PEMHUUhttps://www.spacetelescope.org/announcements/ann1818/https://jwst.nasa.gov/content/forScientists/faqScientists.html#wheelshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DFmOr1vMOT4Support Universe Today Podcast

NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Telescope launched back in April, 2018. After a few months of testing, it was ready to begin mapping the southern sky, searching for planets orbiting stars relatively nearby.We’re just over a year into the mission now, and on July 18th, TESS has shifted its attention to the Northern Hemisphere, continuing the hunt for planets in the northern skies.As part of this shift, NASA has announced a handful of fascinating new planets turned up by TESS, including a couple of worlds in categories which have never been seen before.Farewell Kepler, Welcome TESShttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xiBqpsedsHEOur Book is out!https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/Audio Podcast version:ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audioWhat Fraser's Watching Playlist:https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1GWeekly email newsletter:https://www.universetoday.com/newsletterWeekly Space Hangout:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg/Astronomy Cast:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHI67dh9jEO2rvK--MdCSgSupport us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetodayMore stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/Twitch: https://twitch.tv/fcainFollow us on Twitter: @universetodayLike us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetodayInstagram - https://instagram.com/universetodayTeam: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.comKarla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fwChad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.comReferences:https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2019/nasa-s-tess-mission-completes-first-year-of-survey-turns-to-northern-skyhttps://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/new-explorer-mission-chooses-the-just-right-orbithttps://exoplanets.nasa.gov/news/1587/tess-finds-its-smallest-planet-yet/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/kepler/multimedia/images/tiny-planet-kepler-37b.htmlhttps://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2019/confirmation-of-toasty-tess-planet-leads-to-surprising-find-of-promising-worldhttps://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2019/nasa-s-tess-mission-scores-hat-trick-with-3-new-worldsSupport Universe Today Podcast

In this week's questions show, I answer a question about solar sails, what geologists might learn from lunar rocks, if Earth could survive inside Jupiter, could gas giants be closer to the Sun, and more.Dark Site Finder:https://darksitefinder.com/map/Videos mentioned:What is an Electric Sail? Another Exotic Way to Explore the Solar System - https://youtu.be/-pIl_cv3OkAOldest Rock From Earth Was Found On The Moon (Of All Places) - https://youtu.be/0h_ckjhGdjsWhat are Globular Clusters? Relics of the Early Universe - https://youtu.be/BjzptXhpsz8Timecodes:00:15 Solar sails to the outer Solar System?01:57 What could geologists learn from more lunar rocks?04:01 Could Earth survive inside Jupiter?05:49 Would gas giants change if they were closer to the Sun?08:01 What if aliens have different laws of physics?10:19 Best places to put a telescope12:03 Difference between globular clusters and dwarf galaxies13:31 Water shielding for a rover15:16 Do I play RPGs17:32 Should science be outcome-based?19:33 Could you orbit the Moon more closely?21:17 Site to avoid light pollutionWant to be part of the questions show? Ask a short question on any video on my channel. I gather a bunch up each week, and answer them here.Our Book is out!https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/Audio Podcast version:ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audioWhat Fraser's Watching Playlist:https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1GWeekly email newsletter:https://www.universetoday.com/newsletterWeekly Space Hangout:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg/Astronomy Cast:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHI67dh9jEO2rvK--MdCSgSupport us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetodayMore stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/Twitch: https://twitch.tv/fcainFollow us on Twitter: @universetodayLike us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetodayInstagram - https://instagram.com/universetodayTeam: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.comKarla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fwChad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.comSupport Universe Today Podcast

When we look outward into space, we’re looking backwards in time. That’s because light moves, at the speed of light. It takes time for the light to reach us.But it gets even stranger than that. Light can be absorbed, reflected, and re-emitted by gas and dust, giving us a second look.They’re called light echoes, and allow astronomers another way to understand the Universe around us.Audio Podcast version:ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audioWhat Fraser's Watching Playlist:https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1GWeekly email newsletter:https://www.universetoday.com/newsletterSupport us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetodayMore stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/Twitch: https://twitch.tv/fcainFollow us on Twitter: @universetodayLike us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetodayInstagram - http://instagram.com/universetodayTeam: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.comKarla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fwChad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.comReferences:https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/arecibo-radar-returns-with-asteroid-phaethon-imageshttps://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/LRO/multimedia/lroimages/lroc-20100413-apollo15-LRRR.htmlhttps://www.spacetelescope.org/videos/heic0617a/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/light-echoes-give-clues-to-protoplanetary-diskhttps://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2019/nasa-s-nicer-mission-maps-light-echoes-of-new-black-holehttps://hubblesite.org/contents/news-releases/2017/news-2017-42.htmlhttps://www.eso.org/public/images/potw1814a/Support Universe Today Podcast