Enterprising Investor

Great management isn't a "soft skill" — it's a measurable performance lever. Ashley Herd, founder and CEO of Manager Method and author of The Manager Method: Practical Strategies to Lead with Purpose and Confidence, joins host Mike Wallberg, CFA, to unpack why communication sits at the heart of effective leadership and how small managerial choices ripple through engagement, retention, and profitability. Drawing on her experience as a lawyer, in-house leader, and advisor who has trained more than 250,000 managers, Herd explains why promoting top performers into management roles so often backfires, how leaders can avoid micromanagement without disappearing, and why her "pause, consider, act" framework helps managers handle everything from delegation to performance conversations. The discussion also explores what investors and analysts can learn about management quality by listening closely to leadership behavior — not just the numbers — and why culture and innovation are inseparable from long-term returns. Listen to the full episode of Enterprising Investor to hear practical insights on building better managers, stronger teams, and more resilient businesses.

Anna Martirosyan, a strategy and transactions manager at EY Parthenon, dives into the ethical foundations of AI in finance. She discusses the balance between creative AI applications and necessary governance, emphasizing fairness and transparency. Anna also addresses the evolving global regulation landscape, sharing insights on how firms can navigate compliance challenges. Her practical tips on using AI responsibly cover areas such as credit scoring and fraud detection, while advocating for inclusive practices that foster trust in technology.

In this extended deep dive, guest host Raymond Pang, Senior Researcher at CFA Institute, speaks with Greg Fisher, CFA, about how complexity science can offer a richer lens for understanding uncertainty, market behavior, and the limitations of traditional financial models. Building on themes explored in our recent episode with Richard Bookstaber and Genevieve Hayman — including feedback loops, emergent dynamics, and the need for more adaptive approaches to risk — Fisher expands the discussion to the historical roots of the mechanistic mindset and why a systems-based perspective may benefit investment practitioners. The conversation explores how narratives, structural change, and evolving patterns shape asset prices, and how asset managers can incorporate complexity-informed insights into their research and decision-making. Listen and follow the podcast, and explore our report Reframing Financial Markets as Complex Systems for additional insights: https://rpc.cfainstitute.org/research/reports/2025/reframing-financial-markets-as-complex-systems.

Victor Haghani — co-founder of Long-Term Capital Management and founder of Elm Wealth — joins host Mike Wallberg, CFA, to discuss the ideas behind his book The Missing Billionaires: A Guide to Better Financial Decisions. Using the "missing billionaires" puzzle as a starting point, Haghani explores why so many investors struggle with risk sizing, how our instincts often sabotage long-term results, and why dynamic asset allocation makes more sense than sticking to static rules. Listen now to learn how understanding "how much" to invest can be the key to lasting financial success.

Richard Bookstaber, a seasoned risk expert and former regulator, joins Genevieve Hayman to discuss the failures of traditional financial models. He highlights how human behavior and complex interactions drive market crises, using the nightclub analogy for emergence. Bookstaber critiques equilibrium models and explains the importance of incorporating networks and contagion into risk management. The conversation touches on the revolutionary role of AI in creating realistic market simulations through agent-based modeling, emphasizing the need for new financial education that addresses complexity.

Christine Mahoney, a Senior Partner at Mercer with over 30 years in pension consulting, delves into the Mercer CFA Institute Global Pension Index 2025. She highlights how 52 retirement systems are evaluated on adequacy, sustainability, and integrity. The conversation covers the impact of government on pension investments, innovative policy reforms, and the necessity of balancing fiduciary duties with national economic goals. Additionally, Christine advocates for democratizing private asset access in defined contribution plans, emphasizing flexible guidance over mandates.

Winston Ma, CFA, an investor and former head of the North America office for China Investment Corporation, dives into the evolving landscape of sovereign wealth amidst AI advancements. He reveals how the unconventional U.S. sovereign wealth fund is strategically investing in tech giants like Intel to bolster America’s AI supply chains. Winston discusses governance challenges, co-investment opportunities, and emphasizes the interconnectedness of law, finance, and geopolitics for investors. He also highlights the potential for increased global collaboration among sovereign funds.

Rob Arnott, founder and chairman of Research Affiliates, joins The Enterprising Investor to challenge long-held assumptions about the equity risk premium and asset allocation. Drawing on Fear, Not Risk, Explains Asset Pricing, the provocative paper he co-authored with Edward McQuarrie, Arnott explores why markets may reward investors less for traditional risk-taking than previously believed, and how fear—both of loss and of missing out—better explains investor behavior. From historical return data to the role of AI in gauging market sentiment, Arnott offers a bold framework that could reshape modern finance. Tune in to rethink the foundations of modern asset pricing. Learn more about Rob Arnott: https://rpc.cfainstitute.org/voices-of-influence/rob-arnott Mike mentioned "Stocks for the Long Run" article by Ed McQuarrie and others, you can find that here: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0015198X.2023.2268556 This show is made possible through partnerships with sponsors like Tenzing MEMO. Tenzing MEMO gets professionals up to speed quickly on ~6,000 public companies with real-time research, topical briefings, and intelligent Q&A derived from the latest market data, filings, news, and transcripts. Use MEMO to go from 0 to 60 fast on your watchlist, competitors, clients, and your own company, too. Register for a free trial to see what Tenzing MEMO can do for you today. Visit their website and give it a try. https://www.tenzingmemo.com/

Guest host Chris Wiese, CFA, Managing Director of Education at CFA Institute, speaks with Baxter Hines, CFA, Chief Investment Officer at Honeycomb Digital Investments and author of Digital Finance: Security Tokens and Unlocking the Real Potential of Blockchain. Hines shares how blockchain is reshaping finance—from stablecoins and tokenized bonds to compliance automation and cross-border payments. He explains why tokenization can lower costs, increase efficiency, and improve transparency across markets, and how regulatory clarity in Washington is accelerating adoption. The discussion also explores: Real-world use cases for tokenized securities The role of blockchain in reducing settlement times and costs How tokenization parallels ADRs in global investing The regulatory landscape for stablecoins and digital assets The investment case for Bitcoin and select cryptocurrencies For the CFA Institute perspective on tokenization, visit rpc.cfainstitute.org and search "tokenization." This show is made possible through partnerships with sponsors like Tenzing MEMO. Tenzing MEMO gets professionals up to speed quickly on ~6,000 public companies with real-time research, topical briefings, and intelligent Q&A derived from the latest market data, filings, news, and transcripts. Use MEMO to go from 0 to 60 fast on your watchlist, competitors, clients, and your own company, too. Register for a free trial to see what Tenzing MEMO can do for you today. Visit their website and give it a try. https://www.tenzingmemo.com/

CFA Institute Research and Policy Center senior investment data scientist Brian Pisaneschi, CFA, breaks down the future of AI in investing—covering retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), agentic workflows, and why human creativity remains your strongest edge. Discover how to pair large language models with accurate data to cut through noise, reduce hallucinations, and make smarter decisions. Listen now to sharpen your AI investing skills—and explore Brian's in-depth articles on the CFA Institute Research and Policy Center website, rpc.cfainstitute.org.