Blue Sky

Business school professor and author Amy Edmondson shares her views on how we can make our workplace more productive, enriching, and positive for everyone.  By creating an environment with “psychological safety,” Amy says that organizations allow people to do their best work by not fearing to make the “right kinds” of mistakes and/or speaking up when things go wrong.  Order Amy's book Right Kind of Wrong   Chapters: 01:08 Introduction of Amy Edmondson  Host Bill Burke introduces guest Amy Edmondson, a renowned professor at Harvard Business School, known for her work on psychological safety. 06:50 The Role of Managers in Psychological Safety  The conversation shifts to the role of managers in understanding human behavior and fostering an environment where employees feel motivated to contribute  09:15 Hierarchy and Its Challenges  The discussion delves into the impact of organizational hierarchy on psychological safety, with Edmondson explaining how it can inhibit open communication.   12:25 Creating a Safe Environment for Mistakes  Edmondson discusses the importance of allowing employees to make mistakes and learn from them as a pathway to innovation.   16:30 Navigating Political Divisions at Work  The conversation touches on the challenges of political divisions in the workplace and the importance of maintaining professionalism.   18:01 The Impact of Remote Work on Culture  Edmondson reflects on how remote and hybrid work environments affect psychological safety and workplace culture. She discusses the need for face-to-face interactions to foster relationships and connectedness among team members.  23:41 Exploring the Right Kind of Wrong  The focus shifts to Edmondson’s recent book, ‘Right Kind of Wrong,’ where she explores the concept of failing well.   28:40 Understanding Different Types of Failures  In this chapter, we explore the distinctions between basic, complex, and intelligent failures, emphasizing the importance of recognizing these differences. The conversation highlights how basic failures stem from single mistakes, while complex failures arise from multiple contributing factors.  31:50 The Value of Intelligent Failures  The discussion shifts to intelligent failures, which are the results of thoughtful experiments aimed at innovation. The speakers discuss how organizations can learn from these failures and even budget for them in research and development.  33:49 Learning from Failure: A Difficult Process  This chapter delves into the challenges of learning from failure, emphasizing the emotional aversion many people have towards it.   35:29 Reframing Failure: Insights from Ted Turner  The conversation highlights Ted Turner’s perspective on failure, illustrating how he framed losses as learning opportunities. This chapter discusses the cultural shift needed to embrace mistakes as part of the journey towards success.  36:31 The Role of Optimism in Leadership  In this chapter, the speakers explore the significance of optimism in effective leadership, contrasting it with blind optimism. They introduce the Stockdale Paradox, emphasizing the balance between maintaining hope while facing harsh realities.  41:49 Optimism vs. Realism in Leadership  The discussion continues on the interplay between optimism and realism in leadership, highlighting research findings on how these traits affect team dynamics. The speakers share insights from their studies during the COVID-19 pandemic, illustrating the importance of transparent communication.  44:08 The Future of Business Leadership  As the conversation wraps up, the speakers reflect on the qualities of young leaders entering the business world.  

Discover five uplifting books that inspire a more optimistic perspective on life. Learn about ‘Factfulness,’ which debunks myths about the world, and ‘Enlightenment Now,’ celebrating progress and peace. Delve into ‘Humankind,’ a compelling argument for humanity's inherent goodness. Explore the insights of ‘The Rational Optimist,’ highlighting the benefits of cooperation and free trade. Join a conversation that encourages positivity and self-improvement!

Neal Foard is an accomplished marketing expert and storyteller. On this episode, Neal describes why, after helping build household name global brands like Budweiser, Lexus, and Sony, he has turned his attention to telling and teaching stories.  He’s inspired by what he describes as the kindness of everyday people and shares personal anecdotes and stories online, hoping others will engage in what he’s calling, “The Conspiracy of Kindness.”  He is also the founder of Storyfire, an online storytelling course.    Here is a link to Neal’s Story, “A Postcard from 1969”  Chapters: 02:16 The Power of Positivity  Neal Foard discusses his belief that there are more good people than bad, emphasizing the influence of media on public perception. He shares insights on how negativity can skew our view of humanity and the importance of focusing on the positive.  10:00 Traffic and Kindness  Using traffic as a metaphor, Neal illustrates how our mindset can shape our experiences with others. He emphasizes the importance of kindness and how adopting a positive outlook can lead to a better day.  14:30 Reflections on 1969  Bill and Neall delve into the historical context of 1969, discussing societal turmoil and its parallels to today. They reflect on how understanding history can provide perspective on current events and the importance of kindness in turbulent times.  20:00 The ROI of Kindness  Neal shares a compelling story about a car dealer who prioritizes kindness over profit, illustrating the long-term benefits of treating customers well. He introduces the concept of a ‘conspiracy of kindness’ and its impact on business.  25:03 The Transformative Power of Travel  In this chapter, the conversation explores how travel can restore faith in humanity by revealing the commonalities among people across different cultures. Neal Foard shares personal anecdotes and insights about how experiences in various places can challenge preconceived notions.  29:03 The Journey of a National Road Trip  The discussion shifts to an exciting national road trip that the speaker is undertaking, motivated by connections made through social media. This journey aims to highlight small businesses across America, showcasing the human interactions that define these local enterprises.  32:47 Celebrating Small Businesses  The speaker shares heartwarming stories from small businesses, emphasizing the personal connections and community spirit that thrive in these environments. This chapter highlights the importance of small businesses in fostering human relationships and driving local economies.  35:03 The Role of Integrity in Business  This chapter delves into the concept of integrity in business, arguing that most businesspeople are honorable and striving to do the right thing. The conversation emphasizes the significance of trust and regulation in maintaining a fair marketplace.  39:32 The Art of Storytelling in Business  The focus shifts to storytelling as a vital skill in business, where effective communication can persuade and influence others. The speaker explains how stories resonate on an emotional level, making them a powerful tool for leaders and entrepreneurs.  46:47 The Impact of Stories on Human Connection  In this final chapter, Neal reflects on the profound impact of storytelling on human connection and the importance of choosing the right narratives. The speaker encourages listeners to consider the stories they tell and how they shape perceptions and relationships. 

In this Blue Sky episode, Zach Karabell describes how the roots of his optimistic worldview come from his deep understanding of history and the important societal trends that continue to move in a positive direction.  This conversation covers a lot of ground, including how Zachary views President Trump and the “chaos” and “hysteria” he expects will be created during his second term, the remarkable medical breakthroughs like mRNA vaccines, and his new Substack newsletter, "The Edgy Optimist."   Chapters:   00:00 Welcome to the Blue Sky Podcast  Host Bill Burke introduces the Blue Sky Podcast, setting the tone for discussions about optimism and the positive aspects of the world. He emphasizes the importance of looking beyond challenges to find hope.  00:54 Meet Zach Karabell  Bill introduces Zach Karabell, the founder of the Progress Network and host of the What Could Go Right Podcast. The conversation highlights Zach’s extensive background in economics, history, and his recent work on optimism.  03:04 From Academia to Optimism  Zach shares his journey from academia to finance and eventually to promoting optimism through his work. He discusses how his historical perspective shapes his understanding of current events and the importance of focusing on positive narratives.  09:20 The Birth of the Progress Network  Zach explains the inception of the Progress Network during a time of widespread negativity, aiming to unite voices advocating for a brighter future.   12:19 Finding Kindred Spirits  Zach discusses the realization that many others share his vision of optimism, leading to a sense of community among like-minded individuals. He expresses hope in the growing number of movements focused on positive change.  13:14 Reviving the Edgy Optimist  Zach reveals the motivation behind relaunching his Edgy Optimist column as a newsletter, emphasizing the power of self-publishing in today’s media landscape.   16:30 Reflections on the Recent Election  The conversation shifts to the recent election, with Zach sharing insights from his Edgy Optimist column written the day after. He emphasizes the need to separate words from actions in political discourse and reflects on the historical context of political behavior.  22:21 Words vs. Actions in Politics  Zach elaborates on the significance of language in politics, arguing that actions often carry more weight than words.   29:04 The Weight of Words in Politics  Zach discusses the significance of language in political discourse, referencing historical instances of election subversion.   31:07 Lessons from Bush v. Gore  The conversation shifts to the contentious 2000 election, drawing parallels between past and present political challenges. Bill and Zach explore how historical context can inform our understanding of current electoral disputes.  32:54 Rising Expectations and Global Discontent  Zach articulates the global trend of rising expectations among citizens for government accountability and social progress.   35:02 Healthcare Breakthroughs and Human Rights  The discussion highlights significant advancements in healthcare and human rights, showcasing global progress in areas often overshadowed by conflict.   40:49 The Miracle of the COVID Vaccine  Zach reflects on the rapid development of the COVID vaccine, calling it a remarkable scientific achievement. He warns against politicizing such advancements and stresses the need to appreciate the collective benefits of vaccination.  43:30 The Future of Optimism and Progress  As the conversation wraps up, Zach shares his vision for the future of the Progress Network and the importance of maintaining a hopeful perspective amidst chaos.  

Daniel Pink joins Blue Sky for a lively and wide-ranging discussion.  He describes the importance of what he sees as a personal portfolio that includes a predominance of optimism that’s balanced by a healthy and helpful dose of pessimism. He also forceful debunks “the cynical genius illusion,” which leads to an undue bias towards those with cynical, negative viewpoints. He and Bill also discuss the connections between curiosity and optimism and Daniel describes the research and powerful conclusions from his latest bestseller, The Power of Regret: How Looking Backward Moves Us Forward.     Chapters: 02:36 Exploring Flexible Optimism  Daniel Pink discusses the concept of flexible optimism, emphasizing the balance between optimism and pessimism. He explains how both perspectives can contribute to better decision-making and leadership.  04:18 The Role of Purpose in Motivation  The conversation shifts to the importance of purpose over profit in motivating individuals. Daniel argues that a compelling purpose can inspire employees more effectively than mere financial goals.  07:27 Optimism vs. Pessimism in Today’s World  Daniel shares his perspective on the current state of the world, acknowledging both progress and significant challenges. He believes that it’s possible to hold both optimism and realism simultaneously.  12:19 Predictions for the Future  Daniel reflects on past predictions made about the future, highlighting how most extreme forecasts missed the mark. He emphasizes the value of moderate optimism in forecasting outcomes.  17:41 Understanding Regret  The discussion transitions to Daniel’s book, ‘The Power of Regret,’ where he challenges the notion of living without regrets. He explains how acknowledging and learning from regrets can lead to personal growth.  20:02 The Four Types of Regrets  Daniel categorizes regrets into four types: foundation, boldness, moral, and connection regrets. Each type reflects different aspects of life and decisions that people often reflect upon.  25:01 Learning from Regrets  The conversation explores how recognizing and confronting regrets can provide valuable insights into personal values and life choices.   30:04 Navigating Regret: A Path to Growth  In this chapter, the discussion centers around how to differentiate between wallowing in regret and using it as a learning tool.   33:01 The Future: What Will Matter Most?  Here, the conversation shifts to the long-term perspective on regrets and the decisions we make today.   34:24 Understanding Regrets of Omission  Daniel Pink shares insights on how our fears of risks can lead to regrets of omission, particularly among pessimists. This chapter explores the value of understanding our regrets to align with our core values and make better decisions.  36:01 Curiosity as an Optimistic Act  The dialogue delves into the relationship between curiosity and optimism, with Daniel asserting that curiosity stems from a sense of possibility.   39:02 The ‘Why Not?’ Approach  Daniel discusses his ‘Why Not?’ series, which encourages open-mindedness and exploration of unconventional ideas. The chapter emphasizes the importance of fostering possibilities rather than simply sharing opinions.  42:00 The Illusion of Cynical Intelligence  In this segment, the conversation tackles the misconception that cynicism equates to intelligence. Daniel explains the ‘cynical genius illusion’ and advocates for openness as a more accurate marker of intelligence.  45:26 What’s Next for Daniel Pink?  As the conversation wraps up, Daniel shares his current state of exploration and curiosity rather than focusing on a new book project.  

Chloe Valdary shares her unique way of thinking about – and training others – in the field of diversity and difference.  She describes her fascination with human beings in all our complexity and resists and rejects our tendencies to put everyone into the limiting categories of “oppressors or oppressed.”  Her thoughtful insights will make you think and might even challenge some listeners’ long-held beliefs.      Chapters: 02:20 Chloe Valdary’s Background  Chloe shares her journey from New Orleans to becoming a thought leader in inclusion and belonging. Her passion for the human condition drives her work at Theory of Enchantment.  04:40 Understanding the Theory of Enchantment  Chloe explains the concept of ‘enchantment’ as a balance between light and dark, contrasting it with the historical legacy of the Enlightenment. This framework aims to help individuals integrate their complexities.  09:27 Three Principles of Enchantment  Chloe introduces the three principles of the Theory of Enchantment: treating people as human beings, criticizing to uplift, and rooting actions in love. She elaborates on the first principle, emphasizing the complexity of human identity.  15:12 Exploring DEI Training Approaches  The conversation shifts to Chloe’s approach to DEI training, which focuses on celebrating human complexity rather than reducing individuals to political labels. She critiques the binary mindset prevalent in many DEI frameworks.  20:01 Celebrating Human Mystery  Chloe discusses a practice called ‘Who Am I?’ that encourages self-acceptance and recognizes the mystery within every individual.   23:34 The Illusion of Separation  Chloe highlights the dangers of viewing society through the lens of separation, noting that we often have more in common with those we perceive as different. She emphasizes the importance of curiosity and connection.  27:37 Navigating Organizational Challenges  Bill and Chloe discuss the varying environments Chloe encounters in organizations, from crisis situations to those merely checking boxes. She shares insights on how leadership alignment impacts the effectiveness of her training.  30:07 Transformative Training in Organizations  Chloe shares her experiences training managers in organizations, highlighting how effective communication can transform difficult customer interactions. She emphasizes the importance of having all stakeholders on board for successful training outcomes.  32:38 The Challenges of Leadership Buy-In  In this segment, Chloe reflects on the pitfalls of leadership initiatives that lack employee support, particularly when staff are overworked and burned out. She discusses the need for comprehensive engagement across all levels of an organization.  34:16 Navigating Complex Dynamics of Oppression  Chloe addresses the sensitive dynamics that arise when discussing oppression and how she carefully introduces these concepts in her workshops to avoid alienating participants.   38:31 Engaging with Law Enforcement  Chloe discusses her limited experience with police training and the complexities of addressing systemic issues within law enforcement.   42:29 The Role of Optimism in Challenging Work  In this reflective segment, Chloe shares her perspective on optimism amidst the challenges of addressing divisive social issues. She believes that fostering gratitude can lead to significant societal improvements and encourages others to engage in this practice.  47:35 Future Aspirations for Theory of Enchantment  Chloe reveals her exciting plans for the future of Theory of Enchantment, including incorporating music into her workshops to enhance personal expression and vulnerability.  

Bill Burke hosts this first-ever installment of “A Bit of Blue Sky.”  In this shorter episode, Bill explains that on the first Wednesday of every month, The Optimism Institute will release a shorter episode with information about the podcast, reflections on past episodes, and hints about new shows in the queue.  This month, to kick of 2025, Bill challenges his audience to make being more optimistic a New Years resolution.    Chapters: 00:32 Introducing A Bit of Blue Sky  Bill unveils a new mini podcast series called A Bit of Blue Sky, designed to provide shorter episodes for listeners who may not have time for full-length shows. He shares the intention behind this change and what listeners can expect in the future.  01:43 New Year’s Reflections and Resolutions  As the new year begins, Bill reflects on 2024 and discusses the common practice of setting New Year’s resolutions. He encourages listeners to consider making optimism a central goal for 2025.  02:30 The Benefits of Optimism  Bill explores the health benefits of being optimistic, highlighting how it contributes to a longer life and better overall well-being. He emphasizes the importance of surrounding ourselves with positivity and joy.  03:53 Practical Steps to Cultivate Optimism  In this chapter, Bill shares actionable advice on how to cultivate optimism, starting with managing social media habits. He suggests cleaning up feeds to focus on uplifting content and reducing exposure to negativity.  05:51 The Power of Gratitude  Bill discusses the strong connection between gratitude and optimism, encouraging listeners to adopt a gratitude practice. He believes that recognizing the positive aspects of life can enhance our outlook and resilience.  06:49 Support from the Optimism Institute  Bill assures listeners that the Optimism Institute will continue to provide uplifting content and support throughout the year. He encourages accountability among friends to help maintain a positive mindset. 

This is an encore presentation of the 50th episode of Blue Sky, when Bill was joined by someone who has completed more than 400 of them.  Bestselling author and TV/podcast host Kelly Corrigan describes to Bill the many things she’s learned in her life and career about optimism and how we all can benefit from life’s setbacks to become better people and forge stronger relationships.  Kelly reflects on lessons she learned from her parents and how facing her own cancer diagnosis and battle with the disease left her with a greater sense of empathy for others with similar hardships.  She also explains why she thinks intellectual humility is a key ingredient for an optimistic outlook and also that “there’s no feeling as good as being useful to someone.”  Chapters:    00:00 Introduction to Blue Sky Podcast Host Bill Burke introduces the 50th episode of the Blue Sky Podcast, highlighting its significance and the guest, Kelly Corrigan, an accomplished podcaster and author.   03:07 The Power of Lifelong Learning  Kelly Corrigan shares her insights on the importance of being a lifelong learner and how it fosters a mindset of curiosity and openness.   09:02 Optimism in Discovery The conversation delves into the optimistic belief that there is always more to learn and discover.   12:52 Finding Common Ground Bill and Kelly explore the idea of starting conversations with shared experiences rather than differences, highlighting the importance of empathy in discussions, especially in polarized environments.   16:17 Lessons from Kelly’s Dad  Kelly reflects on her father’s optimistic worldview and his unique way of greeting the day, which instilled a sense of joy and agency in her life. She shares how his perspective can inspire others to approach life with openness and positivity.  23:03 The Steadiness of Kelly’s Mom Transitioning to her mother’s influence, Kelly describes her mother’s calm and competent nature during challenging times, particularly during her cancer diagnosis.  30:00 The Beauty of Brokenness Kelly discusses her perspective that everyone is broken by the age of 50, and how this brokenness can lead to deeper connections with others. She emphasizes that meaningful connections often arise from shared hardships, transforming superficial interactions into profound conversations.  34:11 The Power of Shared Experiences The conversation shifts to how shared challenges can break down barriers and foster genuine connections among people.   37:57 Finding Purpose in Pain  Kelly shares the story of her cousin who became a source of support after losing her son, illustrating how personal tragedy can lead to a greater sense of purpose and empathy. The discussion touches on the transformative power of helping others through their struggles.  39:01 The Journey to Wellbeing Kelly introduces her PBS show focused on understanding wellbeing and the various factors that contribute to it, including mood, connection, and spirituality.   45:06 The Future of Mental Health Treatment The discussion highlights advancements in mental health treatment, emphasizing the potential for precision medicine to revolutionize how we approach mental health issues. Kelly and Bill express optimism about the ongoing research and the possibility of more effective, individualized treatments.  49:06 Embracing Uncertainty in Science Kelly reflects on her experiences interviewing leading scientists, revealing that even experts often disagree on key issues in mental health research. This segment emphasizes the importance of critical thinking and maturity in interpreting scientific findings.

Don Carpenter has spent the bulk of his career working on youth development.  Today he’s executive director of the Rural Futures Fund, an organization focused on kids in rural settings, working to help them close what he calls the “aspirations gap,” between them and their peers in more affluent settings.      Chapters: 01:11 Meet Don Carpenter  Bill introduces Don Carpenter, Executive Director of the Rural Futures Fund, an organization dedicated to enhancing educational opportunities for youth in rural areas.   03:03 The Trekker Model  Don discusses the Trekker youth development mentoring model, which connects caring adults with students in a cohort-based approach. This innovative model emphasizes outdoor experiences to foster relationships and personal growth over six years.  06:18 Focusing on Rural Youth  The conversation shifts to the unique challenges faced by youth in rural settings, particularly regarding educational aspirations.   07:32 The Birth of the Rural Futures Fund  Don explains the evolution of the Rural Futures Fund and its mission to support youth development initiatives. He shares how the fund aims to tackle the aspirations gap, particularly during the critical 8th to 9th-grade transition.  10:09 Creating the Aspirations Incubator  Don elaborates on the Aspirations Incubator, a project designed to empower rural communities by providing resources and support for youth development.   12:15 Measuring Success  The discussion turns to the metrics used to evaluate the success of the Aspirations Incubator. Don outlines the focus on social-emotional development, academic achievement, and post-secondary aspirations among participating youth.  22:35 Results and Learnings  Don shares the impressive results from the first cohort of the Aspirations Incubator, highlighting significant improvements in students’ sense of belonging and post-secondary enrollment rates.   29:09 Understanding Summer Melt  In this chapter, Don discusses the national phenomenon of summer melt, where a significant percentage of students fail to enroll in college after graduation. He highlights how their program achieved a remarkable 78% enrollment rate and the ongoing efforts to address this issue for future cohorts.  30:29 Reflections on Results  Don reflects on the outcomes of the program, sharing his initial expectations and the unexpected support provided to organizational leadership during the pandemic.   33:39 The Impact of the Pandemic  This chapter delves into how the pandemic influenced the program’s operations and the unique support provided to students during this challenging time. Don shares heartwarming examples of how program managers maintained connections and provided essential services to families.  36:37 Adapting to New Challenges  Don explains the fundamental differences in their model compared to traditional youth-serving organizations, especially in terms of maintaining relationships with students.   39:02 Looking Ahead: The Rural Youth Institute  Don introduces the Rural Youth Institute, designed to build on the successes of the previous program. He outlines its pillars and the intention to expand its reach beyond Maine to support rural youth nationwide.  44:04 The Importance of Community Connection  Don highlights the significance of fostering a sense of belonging among rural youth and the potential impact on their communities. He discusses the challenges of brain drain and how their program aims to empower young people to return and contribute to their hometowns.  46:01 A Legacy of Inspiration  In this closing chapter, Don shares the personal fulfillment he derives from his work, including officiating weddings for program alumni. The conversation wraps up with a reflection on the importance of optimism and community support in shaping the future of rural youth. 

When Olivia Clarke was first diagnosed with cancer and began treatment, she looked for ways to keep her spirits up as the grueling treatments and symptoms became increasingly difficult.  Gradually, she noticed moments – in waiting rooms, treatment areas, with strangers – that, when looked at with a certain lens, could be seen as downright funny.  This inspired her to launch “Humor Beats Cancer,” and online community that encourages other cancer patients to share their own moments of levity to soften the blows of this terrible disease.  Olivia’s attitude of empathy, hope, and optimism is infectious and comes through loud and clear in this Blue Sky conversation.    Chapters:   01:11 Meet Olivia Clarke Olivia Clarke, founder of Humor Beats Cancer, shares her journey from journalism to creating a supportive community for cancer patients through humor and storytelling.  02:11 Olivia’s Cancer Journey Begins  Olivia recounts her unexpected breast cancer diagnosis in 2015 during a routine checkup, detailing the rapid progression of her treatment and the emotional toll it took.  04:01 The Return of Cancer  After a period of being cancer-free, Olivia faces a stage four metastatic breast cancer diagnosis, leading to ongoing treatments and a search for coping mechanisms.  04:41 Finding Humor in Hardship  Amidst her struggles, Olivia discovers that humor can be a powerful coping tool, leading her to create a platform for sharing funny cancer stories.  06:03 The Birth of Humor Beats Cancer  In 2017, Olivia officially launches Humor Beats Cancer, utilizing social media to connect with others and share light-hearted stories that resonate with cancer patients.  07:21 The Impact of Humor  Olivia discusses how humor helps patients cope with their experiences, fostering connections and reducing feelings of isolation through shared laughter.  10:51 Creating Humorous Care Packages  Olivia explains the concept of humorous care packages designed to uplift cancer patients, filled with funny items and treats that defy traditional expectations.  12:59 The Power of Shared Stories  Through shared experiences, Olivia highlights how humor can transform the cancer narrative, helping individuals feel less alone and more connected.  17:01 Involvement of Caregivers  Olivia discusses the importance of including caregivers in her community, recognizing their challenges and the humor that can arise from their experiences.  18:49 Resilience and Optimism  Olivia shares her personal strategies for staying positive amidst adversity, emphasizing the importance of a supportive network and a hopeful mindset.  24:21 Workplace Support During Illness  Olivia reflects on the role of her supportive workplace during her cancer journey, highlighting the importance of understanding employers in navigating treatment.  29:02 The Four Fs of Support  Olivia discusses the essential elements that helped her and Lee Woodruff navigate the challenges of cancer: friends, family, funny, and faith.   31:05 Navigating Information Overload  Olivia shares her approach to cancer research, highlighting the importance of trusting medical professionals over diving into overwhelming information.   34:14 The Humor in Bad Advice  The conversation shifts to the often ridiculous suggestions cancer patients receive, illustrating the awkwardness of well-meaning but misguided advice.   36:52 Empathy in Illness: The Struggle to Connect  Olivia discusses the challenges of communication during illness, including the tendency for people to share their own experiences instead of listening.   39:05 Advice for New Patients  Offering wisdom for those newly diagnosed, Olivia encourages them to document their questions and take things step by step.