Not all interesting network activity occurs in cortex. Networks in the spinal cord, the long thin tubular structure extending downwards from the neck, is responsible for setting up rhythmic motor activity needed for moving around. How do these so-called central pattern generators work? Today’s guest has, together with colleagues in Copenhagen, developed a neuron-based network theory for how these rhythmic oscillations may arise even without pace-maker neurons driving the collective. 

The guest, Li Zhaoping, discusses the theory of V1 as a 'saliency detector' in vision processing, directing gaze to important objects. The podcast explores the progression of feature detectors in visual processing, the limitations of human vision, and the role of attention selection in humans and animals. It also delves into the connection between visual movement in birds and mice and sensory systems, and interdisciplinary advancements in visual neuroscience.

In this engaging conversation, Sacha van Albada, a leading expert in theoretical neuroanatomy, shares insights on developing advanced multi-area cortex models for macaques and humans. He discusses the challenges of linking single-neuron activity to larger systems, the intricacies of simulating neural dynamics on supercomputers, and the importance of physiological data for accuracy. Sacha also highlights the significance of collaboration in improving models and explores concepts like predictive coding, making complex neuroscience more accessible for researchers.

Arvind Kumar, a guest who has thought about coding questions throughout his career, discusses the neural code and its interpretations. Topics include neural representation of visual features, decoding motor systems with spike count codes and tuning curves, population coding and correlation, neural code and connectivity, diversity in tuning curves and encoding information, comparing visual neurons and entorhinal cortex neurons, catastrophic errors in AI and grid cells, collaboration to solve a problem involving time and stimuli, adversarial attacks and grid cells' representation of navigation, and efficient coding and sparse coding in the brain.

Christof Koch, author of 'Biophysics of Computation', discusses the intersection of physics, neuroscience, and philosophy. He explores homeostasis in neurons, locust movement detection, brain mapping to logical operations, degeneracy and redundancy in biological systems, and the limitations of the mouse v1 model. Koch also introduces the concept of integrated information theory of consciousness and discusses challenges in evaluating complex systems.

Grace Lindsay, author of 'Models of the Mind', discusses the history of electricity in neuroscience, limitations of pen and paper calculations, failed neuroscience papers, origins of AI and the perceptron, neural coding and information processing, hierarchy of feature extractors in the visual system, firing rate models and ring networks, different types of models in computational neuroscience, reinforcement learning, and challenges in theoretical neuroscience.