SpaceTime: Your Guide to Space & Astronomy

SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 145*Unveiling the Mysteries of Uranus and NeptuneA new study reveals that Uranus and Neptune, the ice giants of our solar system, may have layered interiors composed of water, methane, and ammonia, similar to oil and water that do not mix. This discovery could explain their unique magnetic fields, previously a mystery to scientists. The research, led by Burkhard Miltzer from the University of California, Berkeley, suggests that these planets have a water-rich layer beneath their cloud tops, followed by a denser carbon-rich layer, challenging previous theories about their internal structure.*Parker Solar Probe's Final Venus FlybyNASA's Parker Solar Probe has completed its last Venus gravity assist, setting its course to come within 6.2 million kilometers of the Sun's surface. This maneuver, aside from aiding the primary mission, has provided new insights into Venus, as the probe's instruments captured unexpected data revealing the planet's surface glowing in the near-infrared spectrum. These findings offer fresh perspectives on Venusian surface conditions and composition.*NASA's SphereX Mission: A Kaleidoscope of the CosmosScheduled for launch next year, NASA's SphereX mission will create the most colorful map of the cosmos ever attempted. By observing the universe in 102 infrared colors, SphereX aims to uncover the mysteries of the universe's formation and evolution, including the origins of water on planets like Earth. This mission will provide a comprehensive 3D map of hundreds of millions of galaxies, offering unprecedented insights into cosmic history and the distribution of essential life ingredients across the Milky Way.The Science ReportRussia has deployed a new nuclear-capable hypersonic missile, marking a significant escalation in its military capabilities. The Lancet's report on climate change impacts highlights that nearly half the world experienced extreme drought last year. Archaeologists have discovered what might be the oldest alphabetic writing in Syria, dating back to 2400 BCE. A new documentary explores the British royal family's interest in UFOs and the paranormal, revealing a long-standing fascination with these phenomena.www.spacetimewithstuartgary.comwww.bitesz.com🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merch. Well worth a look....Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/about00:00 New study suggests Uranus and Neptune feature layers that don't mix07:04 NASA's Parker Solar Probe completes its final Venus gravity assist flyby11:14 NASA's SphereX mission will look at the universe in 102 colors20:50 Modern astronomy is built upon spectroscopy. Spectra unveil the structures of black holes22:42 Russia has commenced using a new nuclear capable hypersonic missile to attack Ukraine25:35 Almost half of the world experienced extreme drought last year, according to Lancet studyUniversity of California, Berkeley[berkeley.edu](https://www.berkeley.edu)Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences[pnas.org](https://www.pnas.org)NASA's Parker Solar Probe[nasa.gov/solarprobe](https://www.nasa.gov/solarprobe)Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory[jhuapl.edu](https://www.jhuapl.edu)NASA's SphereX Mission[nasa.gov/spherex](https://www.nasa.gov/spherex)Magellan Spacecraft[nasa.gov/magellan](https://www.nasa.gov/magellan)NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory[jpl.nasa.gov](https://www.jpl.nasa.gov)The Lancet[thelancet.com](https://www.thelancet.com)Johns Hopkins University[jhu.edu](https://www.jhu.edu)Space Time with Stuart Gary Gary[spacetimewithstuartgary.com](https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com)Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 144*Young Exoplanet Challenges Planet Formation TheoriesAstronomers have discovered an exoplanet, Taade 1b, that is just 3 million years old, challenging our current understanding of the speed at which planets form. This young planet, orbiting its star every seven Earth days, offers a unique glimpse into the early stages of planetary formation. The study, led by Madison Barber from the University of North Carolina, highlights the surprising rapidity of Taade 1b's formation compared to Earth's estimated 10 to 20 million-year formation period. The discovery provides new insights into the differences between our solar system and those hosting close-in giant planets like Taade 1b.*Photon Shape Revealed by New Quantum TheoryA groundbreaking theory has allowed scientists to define the precise shape of a photon for the first time. Reported in Physical Review Letters, this research explores how photons, as particles of light, interact with matter at the quantum level. The study reveals that photons have a spherical shape with varying light levels, providing new insights into their dual wave-particle nature. This advance opens up new research avenues in quantum physics and nanophotonic technologies, potentially revolutionising communication, pathogen detection, and chemical reaction control.*NASA's Swift Space Telescope: 20 Years of DiscoveryNASA's Swift Space Telescope, dedicated to studying gamma-ray bursts, celebrates its 20th year in Space. Originally launched to solve the mystery of gamma-ray bursts, Swift has played a crucial role in identifying the origins of these powerful cosmic explosions. The observatory's rapid response capabilities have enabled significant discoveries beyond gamma-ray bursts, contributing to multi-messenger astronomy and enhancing our understanding of the universe.The Science RobertNew research warns that combining blood-thinning drugs with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory painkillers like ibuprofen doubles the risk of internal bleeding. A study on the DNA history of ancient aurochs reveals complex ancestry for modern cattle. Scientists discover that the boundaries between solid and liquid metals are more fluid than previously thought, with implications for metal alloy applications. Psychologists explore the human brain's predisposition to believe in the supernatural, highlighting pattern recognition and expectation effects.www.spacetimewithstuartgary.comwww.bitesz.com🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merch. Well worth a look....Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/supportFor more support options, visit our supporters page: Click Here00:00 A new discovery challenges our current understanding of how planets are formed00:26 Astronomers have discovered an exoplanet that's just 3 million years old03:48 New theory explains how light and matter interact at the quantum level06:55 NASA's Swift Space Telescope helps astronomers identify gamma ray bursts16:01 People on blood thinners double risk of internal bleed when taking non steroidal anti inflammatories18:24 Psychologists say the human brain is pre wired to believe in the supernatural✍️ Episode ReferencesUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill[https://www.unc.edu](https://www.unc.edu)NASA TV Mission[https://tess.mit.edu](https://tess.mit.edu)University of Birmingham[https://www.birmingham.ac.uk](https://www.birmingham.ac.uk)NASA Goddard Space Flight Centre[https://www.nasa.gov/goddard](https://www.nasa.gov/goddard)Physical Review Letters[https://journals.aps.org/prl](https://journals.aps.org/prl)Nature Journal[https://www.nature.com](https://www.nature.com)Australian Sceptics[https://www.skeptics.com.au](https://www.skeptics.com.au)

SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 143*The Milky Way: An Unusual GalaxyA new study reveals that our Milky Way galaxy is an outlier among similar galaxies, challenging the assumption that it is a typical model for understanding galactic formation and evolution. Published in the Astrophysical Journal, the research highlights differences in the Milky Way's evolutionary history compared to other galaxies of similar mass. The Satellite Surround Galactic Analogues (SEGA) survey has identified 101 Milky Way-like analogues, revealing that the Milky Way hosts fewer satellite dwarf galaxies than its peers. Additionally, star formation in the Milky Way's satellite galaxies is less active, raising questions about its unique galactic environment.*Europe's Prober 3 Mission to Study the SunAll systems are go for the European Space Agency's Prober 3 mission, set to launch next month to study the Sun's corona. This double-satellite mission will create artificial eclipses, allowing for prolonged observations of the Sun's atmosphere. The mission will employ precise formation flying, with one satellite blocking the Sun's disc for the other, enabling extended studies of the solar corona, the source of solar wind and Space weather.*Australia's Secret Satellite LaunchA classified mission for Optus and the Australian Defence Force has been launched by SpaceX. The mission, known as TD7, involves a military telecommunications satellite placed into geostationary orbit. Built by Northrop Grumman, the satellite is designed for future mission extensions. The launch marks SpaceX's 16th mission for the same Falcon 9 booster, which successfully returned to Earth.The Science ReportThe World Health Organisation reports a surge in measles cases worldwide, with 10.3 million cases last year. A new study finds accelerated ice loss in an Alaskan ice field since 2005, contributing to sea level rise. Japanese scientists discover that domestic cats can associate human words with images without rewards. Norton issues a cyber warning on rising scam tactics and malware threats. Meanwhile, OpenAI considers developing its own web browser amidst debates on internet censorship and digital ID in Australia.www.spacetimewithstuartgary.comwww.bitesz.com🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merch. Well worth a look...Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/supportFor more support options, visit our Support Page00:00 This is space time series 27 episode 143 for broadcast on 27 November 202400:48 New study finds Milky Way is an outlier among similar galaxies06:01 ESA's Prober 3 mission to study the sun will launch next month08:20 Two satellites will fly together as one with millimetre level control12:35 SpaceX has just launched a classified mission for Optus and the Australian Defence Force15:31 World Health Organisation warns measles cases have now surged across the world21:08 Department of Justice asking Google to consider breaking up with Chrome22:07 It looks like the Internet censorship bill will be defeated in the Senate

SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 142*How Mars Got Its MoonsA groundbreaking study suggests that Mars acquired its moons, Phobos and Deimos, after a passing asteroid was torn apart by the planet's gravity. This new hypothesis, based on NASA's supercomputer simulations and published in the journal Icarus, challenges previous theories of their origin, such as capture or major impact. The upcoming Martian Moons Exploration mission by JAXA, with NASA's involvement, aims to further investigate these theories by collecting samples from Phobos.*Starship Test Flight 6SpaceX has successfully completed its sixth test flight of the Starship Mega rocket, overseen by SpaceX CEO Elon Musk and U.S. President-elect Donald Trump. The test included a splashdown of the booster in the Gulf of Mexico and a successful orbital journey of the Starship, which trialled new heat shield materials and descent strategies. This marks the final test for this version of Starship, with an upgraded version expected to fly soon.*Revisiting Earth's Ore DepositsNew research reveals that the largest iron ore deposits in Western Australia's Pilbara are around a billion years younger than previously thought. Using advanced geochronology techniques, scientists have dated these deposits to between 1.1 and 1.4 billion years, reshaping our understanding of Earth's geological history and aiding future exploration efforts.The Science ReportA study suggests that a daily hour-long walk for those over 40 could extend life expectancy by five years. Meanwhile, global plastic waste is projected to double by mid-century, but a combination of policies could reduce it by 90%. Additionally, switching to a vegan diet could lower food costs by 19%, unlike the Mediterranean diet. The Bent Spoon Award was given to the Cancer Council of Western Australia for endorsing pseudoscientific practices like Richie.www.spacetimewithstuartgary.comwww.bitesz.com🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merch. Well worth a look....Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/supportor visit our Support page for more options and details: https://spacetimewithstuartgary.com/about00:00 New study suggests Mars got its two moons after asteroid was torn apart04:57 SpaceX has undertaken a successful sixth test flight of its Starship Mega rocket08:17 Super heavy booster is attempting an offshore landing off the Gulf coast of Texas10:18 The next milestone is Starship uh, is in terminal guidance14:29 Starship is approaching the peak heating phase of entry19:56 SpaceX's Starship rocket successfully carried its first ever biological payload23:07 A new study finds planet Earth's largest iron ore deposits are younger than previously thought33:14 A new study looked at physical activity and life expectancy35:54 Western Australian Cancer Council endorsed pseudo medical and unscientific treatments38:33 Space Time is available every Monday, Wednesday and Friday through various podcasting platforms✍️ Episode ReferencesIcarus Journal[https://www.journals.elsevier.com/icarus](https://www.journals.elsevier.com/icarus)NASA Ames Research Centre[https://www.nasa.gov/ames](https://www.nasa.gov/ames)Martian Moons Exploration (MMX)[https://mmx.jaxa.jp/en/](https://mmx.jaxa.jp/en/)SpaceX[https://www.spacex.com](https://www.spacex.com)Curtin University[https://www.curtin.edu.au](https://www.curtin.edu.au)Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences[https://www.pnas.org](https://www.pnas.org)British Journal of Sports Medicine[https://bjsm.bmj.com/](https://bjsm.bmj.com/)Journal of Science[https://www.sciencemag.org/](https://www.sciencemag.org/)Journal of the American Medical Association[https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama](https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama)Australian Sceptics[https://www.skeptics.com.au](https://www.skeptics.com.au)

SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 141*Supermassive Black Hole Consumes Matter at Record SpeedAstronomers have discovered a supermassive black hole in the early universe consuming matter at a rate more than 40 times its theoretical limit. This black hole, catalogued as LID568, was observed by the Webb Space Telescope and is providing new insights into the rapid growth mechanisms of black holes shortly after the Big Bang. The findings challenge existing theories on how these cosmic giants formed so quickly and open new avenues for future research.*Uranus' Magnetic Mysteries UnveiledNew analysis of 38-year-old data from NASA's Voyager 2 spacecraft reveals that a space weather event dramatically compressed Uranus' magnetosphere just before the flyby in 1986. This event provides clues to the planet's unusual magnetic field and suggests that Uranus' moons might be more geologically active than previously thought. The findings are crucial for understanding this enigmatic ice giant and its unique characteristics.*New Satellite to Track Earth's Surface MovementsScientists are preparing to launch a new satellite, the NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR), designed to measure ground movement on Earth's surface. Scheduled for launch next year, NISAR will provide detailed data on earthquakes, volcanoes, and landslides, enhancing our ability to prepare for natural disasters. This mission will offer unprecedented insights into the dynamics of our planet's surface.The Science ReportThe World Meteorological Organization predicts 2024 to be the hottest year on record, driven by rising greenhouse gas levels. Meanwhile, ultra-processed foods are dominating global diets, linked to numerous chronic diseases. A study of dog breeds reveals that toy dogs have larger brains relative to their body size compared to working dogs. Lastly, a retrospective look at NASA's 1996 tether experiment debunks UFO theories, emphasizing the importance of scientific explanations.www.spacetimewithstuartgary.comwww.bitesz.com🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merch. Well worth a look....Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support00:00 Black hole found to be consuming matter faster than its theoretical limit04:37 Space weather event squeezed Uranus magnetosphere before 1986 Voyager 2 flyby08:30 Scientists developing a new satellite designed to measure ground movement on the Earth's surface13:10 World Meteorological Organization says 2024 will be the hottest year on record✍️ Episode ReferencesWebb Space Telescopehttps://www.jwst.nasa.gov/Chandra X Ray Observatoryhttps://chandra.harvard.edu/National Science Foundation's National Optical Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratoryhttps://www.noirlab.edu/NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratoryhttps://www.jpl.nasa.gov/Journal of Naturehttps://www.nature.com/Voyager 2https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/COP 29 Climate Change Conferencehttps://unfccc.int/World Meteorological Organizationhttps://public.wmo.int/International Congress on Obesityhttps://www.worldobesity.org/Biological Lettershttps://royalsocietypublishing.org/journal/rsbl

SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 140*Revisiting the Milky Way's Black Hole ImageA new study questions the accuracy of the first-ever image of Sagittarius A, the supermassive black hole at the centre of the Milky Way. Researchers suggest the image may not accurately represent its appearance, proposing a more elongated accretion disc instead of the ring-like structure previously released by the Event Horizon Telescope.*Methane in Titan's CrustData from NASA's Cassini spacecraft indicates that Saturn's moon Titan may have a methane-rich crust up to 10 kilometres thick. This insulating layer could explain Titan's shallow impact craters and its methane-rich atmosphere, providing insights into its unique geological and atmospheric dynamics.*Updates on Earth's Ozone HoleNASA reports that the annual ozone hole over Antarctica was smaller this year, ranking as the seventh smallest since recovery efforts began. The ozone layer is on track to fully recover by 2066, thanks to international agreements curbing ozone-depleting chemicals.The Science ReportAntarctic ice core samples suggest Earth has already surpassed a 1.5°C global temperature rise due to human-induced climate change. A study links outdoor lighting at night to increased Alzheimer's risk for those under 65. LED lights on surfboards could reduce shark attacks by mimicking natural camouflage. Nord's latest survey reveals continued use of weak passwords, with "123456" and "password" among the most common.www.spacetimewithstuartgary.comwww.bitesz.com🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merch. Well worth a look....Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support00:00 New study suggests first ever picture of Milky Way's black hole might not be accurate00:47 New study claims first ever images of Sagittarius A may be inaccurate03:57 New study suggests Saturn's moon Titan may have an insulating methane crust09:12 Scientists say Antarctic ozone layer could fully recover by 206620:04 New study suggests Earth has already passed 1.5 degrees Celsius warming attributable to climate change21:24 A new study claims exposure to outdoor lighting at night increases Alzheimer's risk25:29 Space Time with Stuart Gary is available on numerous podcast platforms

SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 139*Gilmore Space Cleared for Orbital LaunchThe Australian Space Agency has granted Gilmore Space the final approval needed to conduct its maiden orbital test flight of the Ares rocket from the Bowen Spaceport in North Queensland. This launch will mark the first orbital test flight of an Australian-made rocket from Australian soil, showcasing a new hybrid propulsion system developed by the company.*Discovery of Red Monster Galaxies in the Early UniverseAstronomers have identified three ultra-massive galaxies, each nearly the size of the Milky Way, that reached their colossal size within the first billion years of the universe's existence. These findings, reported in Nature, challenge existing models of galaxy formation and suggest a more efficient star formation process in the early universe.*Signs of an Ancient Martian OceanChina's Mars rover, Zhurong, may have found evidence supporting the theory that Mars' northern hemisphere was once covered by a vast ocean. The terrain around Zhurong's landing site includes features that could indicate past water or ice activity, suggesting a Martian ocean existed billions of years ago.The Science RobertArchaeologists in Israel have uncovered 12,000-year-old pebbles that may be precursors to the wheel, potentially pivotal in the evolution of rotating technologies. Meanwhile, the COP 29 climate summit highlights the ongoing rise in fossil emissions, with China remaining the largest polluter. Additionally, a study finds that frequent snoring in tweens is linked to behavioural issues, and a lack of conceptual clarity may explain beliefs in the paranormal.www.spacetimewithstuartgary.comwww.bitesz.com🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merch. Well worth a look....Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support00:00 This is space Time Series 27 Episode 139 for broadcast on 18 November 202400:46 Australian Space Agency gives final approval for Gilmore Space to launch Ares rocket02:31 ERIS is a three stage orbital launch vehicle powered by hybrid rocket engines08:49 Gilmore is developing a rocket called ERIS which will go into orbit12:42 Gilmore Space Technologies have plans to launch an ERIS satellite from Bowen15:39 Three ultra massive galaxies discovered by NASA's Webb Space Telescope23:39 Ancient pebbles from Israel may have paved way for wheel invention24:42 New study finds teens who frequently snore more likely to have behavioural problems✍️ Episode ReferencesEvent Horizon Telescope Collaboration[Event Horizon Telescope](https://eventhorizontelescope.org/)National Astronomical Observatory of Japan[NAOJ](https://www.nao.ac.jp/en/)Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society[MNRAS](https://academic.oup.com/mnras)NASA Cassini Mission[Cassini Mission](https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/cassini/main/index.html)Planetary Science Journal[PSJ](https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/3338)6--- University of Hawaii[University of Hawaii](https://www.hawaii.edu/)NASA Goddard Space Flight Centre[NASA Goddard](https://www.nasa.gov/goddard)Montreal Protocol[Montreal Protocol](https://ozone.unep.org/treaties/montreal-protocol)Nature Geoscience[Nature Geoscience](https://www.nature.com/ngeo/)Macquarie University[Macquarie University](https://www.mq.edu.au/)

SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 138*Discovery of the Outer Solar System's Magnetic FieldScientists have discovered evidence of an ancient magnetic field at the far reaches of our solar system. Research published in AGU Advances, based on 4.6 billion-year-old grain samples from the asteroid Richie, suggests the presence of a weak magnetic field during the formation of the outer solar system. This field, although weak, could have been instrumental in the formation of the outer planets, including Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. The findings provide new insights into the magnetic influences shaping our solar system.*Southern Launch Gets Green Light for Orbital MissionsSouthern Launch has received federal and state government approval for its Whalers Way orbital launch complex in South Australia. The site is poised to support up to 42 orbital rocket launches annually, with plans for multiple launch pads and comprehensive tracking facilities. This development marks a significant step forward for Australia's growing Space industry.*Axiom Unveils New Lunar Spacesuits for NASAAxiom Space has revealed the new spacesuits for NASA's Artemis 3 mission, set for a lunar landing in 2026. Designed to withstand the harsh lunar environment, these suits feature improved mobility and dust resistance. The new design includes interchangeable segments to accommodate various body types, reflecting advancements in spacesuit technology since the Apollo era.The Science RobertA study has identified a decline in low-pressure weather systems, crucial for rainfall in southern Australia, since the mid-20th century. Meanwhile, the largest study of brain volume to date has found genetic links between ADHD and Parkinson's disease. In wildlife news, taming wild elephant calves has been shown to increase stress levels, potentially affecting their health. Finally, the paranormal world is abuzz with sightings of Robin Hood's ghost in Sherwood Forest, though sceptics remain unconvinced.www.spacetimewithstuartgary.comwww.bitesz.com🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merch. Well worth a look....Become a supporter of this Podcast and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support00:00 Scientists uncover an ancient magnetic field at the outer edge of the solar system08:09 Axiom Space has unveiled the new lunar spacesuits NASA plans to use13:50 Low pressure weather systems driving southern Australia's rainfall have declined over decades16:19 Reports in England that Robin Hood has been seen haunting Sherwood Forest

SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 137*The Earth: A Giant Slushie?New research reveals that Earth once experienced a "slushy" period following its snowball Earth phase. Published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the study by Virginia Tech scientists suggests that as the planet thawed, it transitioned into a slushy state, marked by high carbon dioxide levels and rapid melting. The findings offer fresh insights into Earth's climate evolution and the resilience of life under extreme conditions.*Phobos Eclipses the SunNASA's Mars Perseverance rover has captured a rare celestial event: the Martian moon Phobos eclipsing the Sun. Using its Mastcam-Z camera, Perseverance observed the tiny moon transiting the Sun from its position in Jezero Crater. This remarkable event highlights the ongoing challenges and discoveries as the rover ascends the crater's rim.*SpaceX Dragon Boosts ISSFor the first time, NASA has utilized the SpaceX Dragon capsule to boost the International Space Station into a higher orbit. This maneuver, using Dragon's Draco thrusters, is part of a broader strategy to maintain the station's altitude and test future deorbit capabilities. The mission also delivered over 2,700 kg of supplies and scientific equipment, including a wooden cubesat and human tissue samples for aging research.The Science ReportA new study attributes last year's global temperature spike primarily to El Nino, rather than climate change. Meanwhile, scientists discover a 161-million-year-old giant tadpole fossil, shedding light on the evolution of frogs and toads. Additionally, research indicates that popular music in the US has become simpler since the 1950s. Plus, global cell phone sales show regional variations post-COVID, with notable growth in the US, Europe, and Australia.www.spacetimewithstuartgary.comwww.bitesz.com🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merch. Well worth a look....Become a supporter of this Podcast and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support00:00 This is space Time Series 27, episode 137 for broadcast on 13 November 202400:47 New research suggests that as the planet thawed, it went slushy04:46 NASA's Mars Perseverance rover captures rare Phobos eclipse of the Sun07:15 NASA uses SpaceX Dragon cargo ship to boost International Space Station to higher altitude14:38 Study says El Nino Southern Oscillation caused global temperatures spike last year16:55 Scientists in South America have discovered the fossilized remains of a 161 million year old tadpole18:33 New figures show that global cell phone sales dropped following the COVID pandemic

SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 136*Discovering the Origins of MagnetarsA groundbreaking study reveals that magnetars, highly magnetic neutron stars, are born from stellar mergers rather than single star supernova events. These findings, published in Nature, delve into the origins of fast radio bursts (FRBs), which are high-energy flashes releasing more energy in nanoseconds than half a billion suns. The research indicates that FRBs are more common in massive star-forming galaxies, suggesting a link to magnetars formed from stellar mergers. This discovery challenges previous assumptions about magnetar formation and sheds light on the dynamic processes in the universe.*Voyager 1 Approaches One Light Day from EarthNASA's Voyager 1 spacecraft is set to become the first human-made object to travel more than a light day's distance from Earth, a monumental 26 billion kilometers away. This historic milestone is expected in January 2027. Despite recent communication challenges due to a fault protection system glitch, engineers successfully reestablished contact. Voyager 1 and its twin, Voyager 2, continue their journey through interstellar space, providing invaluable data about the cosmos.*Australia Axes Vital Military Satellite Defense SystemIn a surprising move, the Australian government has canceled a crucial $7 billion satellite defense project. The JP9102 military satellite communications system, awarded to Lockheed Martin, was intended to enhance Australia's military communications amid growing regional tensions. The decision, amid geopolitical challenges, raises concerns about Australia's defense capabilities and secure communications network.The Science RobertA study highlights the significant carbon footprint of private jet users, who generate 500 times more CO2 than the average person. Meanwhile, research identifies 22 pesticides linked to prostate cancer, and a systematic review confirms no link between cell phone use and brain cancer. Plus, a fascinating look at how animals in the wild might consume alcohol from fermented fruits.www.spacetimewithstuartgary.comwww.bitesz.com🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merch. Well worth a look....Become a supporter of this Podcast and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support00:00 This is space Time Series 27, Episode 136 for broadcast on Remembrance Day00:46 New study suggests highly magnetic neutron stars are born out of stellar mergers05:06 NASA's Voyager 1 spacecraft lost contact with mission managers on October 1815:10 Australian government has just axed a crucial $7 billion satellite defense project17:38 A new study has identified 22 pesticides consistently linked to the incidence of prostate cancer20:53 A new systematic review confirms there is no scientific evidence that cell phones cause cancer✍️ Episode ReferencesNASA[https://www.nasa.gov/](https://www.nasa.gov/)Caltech[https://www.caltech.edu/](https://www.caltech.edu/)Deep Synoptic Array[https://www.astro.caltech.edu/research/dsa/](https://www.astro.caltech.edu/research/dsa/)Owens Valley Radio Observatory[https://www.astro.caltech.edu/ovro/](https://www.astro.caltech.edu/ovro/)Nature Journal[https://www.nature.com/](https://www.nature.com/)Lockheed Martin[https://www.lockheedmartin.com/](https://www.lockheedmartin.com/)Australian Defence Force[https://www.defence.gov.au/](https://www.defence.gov.au/)UNRWA[https://www.unrwa.org/](https://www.unrwa.org/)Jet Propulsion Laboratory[https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/](https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/)