Psychology in Everyday Life: The Psych Files

Do "Most men lead lives of quiet desperation" or are we actually pretty happy most of the time?  As it turns out humans are far more resilient than you think.  Ever heard of the term "affective forecasting"?  It's something we do every day and very often we make mistakes doing it.  In this episode you'll learn more about positive psychology from the authors of a new book called Pollyanna's Revenge.  Another myth put to rest: "depressive realism" - the idea that there's an advantage to being depressed - that depressed people are more realistic about the world than non-depressed people.  That's not so either and I think you'll find a lot of interesting information in this episode about what affects your own level of happiness.  Join me for a fascinating discussion about how we really react to the ups and downs of life.

Most performers "mark" when they're tired during rehearsals.  Are they "not giving it their all" or are they getting quite a benefit from doing this?  You'd be surprised at how beneficial marking can be.     If you're not familiar with marking, here's a definition from the authors of a recent study on how marking benefits dancers: "Marking involves enacting the sequence of movements with curtailed size and energy by diminishing the size of steps, height of jumps and leaps, and extension of limbs. The dancer often does not leave the floor and may even substitute hand gestures for certain steps."

  You may have been heard that taking a nap or going to sleep after you learn something helps you to retain it (which is true), but you may also have heard that drinking coffee helps your memory. So which is it? How can you drink coffee AND take a nap? Well, apparently you can get the benefit of both - if you do it right. In this episode we not only learn about the so-called "students' coffee" but we learn about the "coffee nap". If you do it just right you can get some great memory boosts.

A humorous way to learn about the Freudian defense mechanisms (actually elaborated by Anna Freud) of Displacement, Denial, Sublimation, Reaction Formation, and Projection.  A little dream analysis thrown in.  Who knows?  Maybe Freud would have been good at tech support... 

What was the name of that baby in John Watson's famous videos in which he attempts to demonstrate that fears can be acquired through conditioning (pairing a loud noise with a furry animal)?  A few years ago we were presented with information indicating that a boy named Douglas Merrite was the true identity of "Little Albert".  The data looked pretty convincing at that time.  However, a few pieces of that data simply did not fit together for researchers Nancy Digdon, Russell Powell and Ben Harris.   After another lengthy search into the past, these researchers determined that another child fits the description and the facts of who "Little Albert" really was and that boy's name is William Albert Barger.  As is often true in life, the simple facts require fewer leaps in logic and these facts make the conclusion that William Albert is "Little Albert" inescapable.   In this episode I lay out some of these facts and I think you'll be convinced as well.  One of those facts: unfortunately, William Albert Barger died in 2007 so although we weren't able to talk with him, it appears that he lead a full and rewarding life.   [This] dispute ... has been settled to the satisfaction of all neutral observers from journal editors to manuscript reviewers to ... textbook author who has seen our articles.   The argument is settled.....I would turn to the question of why it took the field of psychology 5+ years to get this sorted out."

How many times have you wanted to remember a joke at a party but you just can't?  Well, there IS a way to remember jokes and I have got 4 jokes to tell you along with a mnemonic that will help you remember all 4 of them.  I challenge you to listen to these 4 jokes, then listen to my mnemonic and then wait a little while and go through the mnemonic and I guarantee that you'll remember all 4 jokes.     Remembering anything for more than a few minutes requires not only repetition, but also something else that will make the to-be-remembered thing stick in your head. That thing can be a mnemonic device.  In this episode I'll use a combination of the keyword technique, crazy images and a modified approach to the method of loci.  I'll use your body to help you remember these jokes.  Let's have some fun.

You may have heard that Facebook manipulated the content of user's New Feeds during January of 2012 so that some users saw more positive posts than others, which other Facebook users saw more negative posts.  How did this affect these users?  Did those who say negative posts become more negative and vice versa?  The answer is that the research indicates that some of them - though a very, very few of them - did subsequently write posts that were similar to the ones that saw on their News Feed.  How big of an effect is this?  Is it unethical?  Does agreeing to Facebook's Terms of Use constitute "informed consent".  I examine these questions in this episode of The Psych Files.

In episode 217 I asked you to be frank with yourself: does your animal really think?  It's easy to believe they do, but if you're going to study this issue scientifically you have to eliminate our human tendency to anthropomorphize - to want to believe that animal actions are motivated by internal states.  Well, here's a roundup of a few articles I found in my PsycExplorer app (PsycExplorerHD for iPad) which show exactly what psychologists are doing to find out what exactly is going on (if anything...) in the minds of dogs, cats, rats, chickens and yes fruit flies.  Are they really thinking in there?  Well, maybe so.  These examples certainly convinced me, although it might all depend on what you mean by "thinking" and "feeling".    We also find out how we react to those sudden thoughts that jump into our minds - what do they mean?  Are thoughts that jump into our mind more significant than thoughts that we actively think about?