Chemistry professor Andrea Sella joins the discussion on the various states of matter beyond solids, liquids, and gases, exploring plasma and exotic phases like glasses and liquid crystals. The podcast delves into the complexities of molecular structures, phase transitions, material evolution from pure elements to alloys like steel, and the impact of industrial revolution on material science.

Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss Max Weber's 'The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism', exploring the link between Protestantism and capitalism. They delve into Weber's analysis of the Protestant work ethic, the influence of Calvinism, the transition from traditional ethics to capitalism, and the enduring impact of religion on economic development.

Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss Bishop Berkeley's immaterialism theory, his influence on later philosophers like Hume and Kant, fascination with optics and tar water, and the impact of his ideas on science and perception of reality.

Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss the Trinity. The idea that God is a single entity, but one known in three distinct forms - Father, Son and Holy Spirit - has been a central belief for most Christians since the earliest years of the religion. The doctrine was often controversial in the early years of the Church, until clarified by the Council of Nicaea in the late 4th century. Later thinkers including St Augustine and Thomas Aquinas recognised that this religious mystery posed profound theological questions, such as whether the three persons of the Trinity always acted together, and whether they were of equal status. The Trinity's influence on Christian thought and practice is considerable, although it is interpreted in different ways by different Christian traditions. With:Janet Soskice Professor of Philosophical Theology at the University of Cambridge and a Fellow of Jesus CollegeMartin Palmer Director of the International Consultancy on Religion, Education, and CultureThe Reverend Graham Ward Regius Professor of Divinity at the University of Oxford and a Canon of Christ Church.Producer: Thomas Morris.

Historian and broadcaster Melvyn Bragg and his guests delve into the intriguing life of Spartacus, the gladiator who led a slave rebellion against the Roman Republic. They discuss Rome's political instability, Spartacus' rise from slavery to rebellion, his strategic victories, and his lasting impact as a symbol of defiance and liberation throughout history.

Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the eye's historical and scientific journey. From ancient beliefs of emitting light to Newton's experiments, they explore Greek theories, Renaissance anatomical perspectives, and Newton's self-experiments. The intersection of theology and science is discussed, alongside the mysteries of color perception.

Exploring the controversial history and lasting influence of Social Darwinism, connection to eugenics and Nazis; Herbert Spencer's beliefs; Impact on societal views, women's rights, and race; Evolution of eugenics and racial theories; Intersections with communism and influence on literature.

Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss chivalry, the moral code observed by knights of the Middle Ages. Chivalry originated in the military practices of aristocratic French and German soldiers, but developed into an elaborate system governing many different aspects of knightly behaviour. It influenced the conduct of medieval military campaigns and also had important religious and literary dimensions. It gave rise to the phenomenon of courtly love, the subject of much romance literature, as well as to the practice of heraldry. The remnants of the chivalric tradition linger in European culture even today.Miri Rubin Professor of Medieval and Early Modern History and Head of the School of History at Queen Mary, University of LondonMatthew Strickland Professor of Medieval History at the University of GlasgowLaura Ashe Associate Professor in English at the University of Oxford and Fellow of Worcester CollegeProducer: Thomas Morris.

Explore the enigmatic Phoenicians and their city-state identities, their expansion and colonization in the Mediterranean, their wealth and influence in trade routes, maritime skills, and controversial practices like child sacrifice. Discover their culture, negotiations with empires, and significant contribution to the development of the alphabet, leading to Carthage's rise and conflict with Rome.

Exploring the historical debate between catastrophism and uniformitarianism, the impact of the asteroid 65 million years ago on the Earth, the evolution of geological thought from gradualism to catastrophism, and the resurgence of catastrophic events theory in modern science.