Time is a coordinate on space time. It doesn't flow as a fundamental feature, any more than space flows. We have the impression that time flows because entropy is increasing, which gives us the arrow of time, whereas there's no arrow of space. The idea that we are propelled through time by some sense of flow is just a consequence of our macroscopic existence in a world where entropy is increasing. Entropy is a way for physicists to talk about the disorderliness, randomness, and disorganization of a system. The early universe near the Big Bang was very low entropy, organized, and non-random. Since then, it has been increasing in entropy. The universe creates more entropy by creating pockets of orderliness, like us. Entropy is a way of counting how many ways there are to arrange atoms without changing the overall look and feel of an object. The universe tends to move towards higher entropy configurations because there are more ways to be high entropy than to be low entropy.
Without a sense of time, leading us from cradle to grave, our lives would make little sense. But on the most fundamental level, physicists aren't sure whether the sort of time we experience exists at all. We talk to three experts and find out if time could potentially be moving backwards as well as forwards.
Featuring Sean Carroll, Homewood professor of natural philosophy at Johns Hopkins University, Emily Adlam, postdoctoral associate of the philosophy of physics at Western University and Natalia Ares, Royal Society university research fellow at the University of Oxford.
This episode was presented by Miriam Frankel and produced by Hannah Fisher. Executive producers are Jo Adetunji and Gemma Ware. Social media and platform production by Alice Mason, sound design by Eloise Stevens and music by Neeta Sarl. A transcript is available here. Sign up here for a free daily newsletter from The Conversation.
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